ࡱ> ac` 5bjbj 4HccE,33@@@@@@@@@8%A$IA@OeAeA:AAABtCDC$)O+O+O+O+O+O+OlQTL+O@CBBCC+OG@@AA@OGGGC@A@A)OGC)OGGV N@@@NpRyz{@FMN N<VO0OYNxZTGZTNG@NCCC3 ?:   Session 31: Campaign for participation and representation of women issues in trade: Strengthening responses to create wealth and reduce poverty for women in informal cross-border trade in Southern Africa Sub theme IV: Looking to the future: What post crisis agenda for the ϲʹ in a shifting power scenario? Moderator Mr Marlon Zakeyo, Zimbabwe Advocacy Office, Geneva Speakers Ms Ottilia Chikosha, Executive Director, Regional Export Promotion Trust Zimbabwe Ms Naome Chimbetete, Executive Director, Zimbabwe Women Resource Centre and Network Ms Tendai Makanza, Research and Information Coordinator, ANSA Secretariat Ms Kwanele Ona Jirira, Commissioner for Human Rights, Zimbabwe; Lecturer/Researcher, University of Zimbabwe, Institute of Development Studies Department of Agrarian and Labour Studies Organized by Regional Export Promotion Trust (REPT) Zimbabwe Report written by Ms Ottilia Chikosha - Executive Director -Regional Export Promotion Trust Friday, 17 September 2010 11.15-13.15 Abstract This is a report on the Zimbabwe Advocacy participation at the World Trade Organization (ϲʹ) Public Forum 2010, Geneva, Switzerland, which was held from the 15-17 September 2010. Under the theme The forces shaping world trade the Regional Export Promotion Trust (REPT) was invited to participate in a session which was entitled Campaign for participation and representation of womens issues in trade: Strengthening responses to create wealth and reduce poverty for women in informal cross-border trade in Southern Africa. The session began with an opening speech by MsChikosha, who thanked the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and the ϲʹ Secretariat for sponsoring this advocacy platform to be a success. The session was moderated by MrMarlon Zakeyo of the Zimbabwe Advocacy office based in Geneva. The government of Zimbabwe was represented by MrChimanikire of the Ministry of Regional Integration and International Cooperation on preparations for the advocacy at member state level. The analysis of the situation of women in the informal cross-border sector was briefly discussed, and their inclusion in the gender budgeting of Regional Economic Communities was encouraged in an effort to promote greater cross-border trade and economic integration in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) region, as well as to improve the regions competitiveness. The session also discussed from a gender perspective how these trends are then causing and deepening the feminization of poverty in Africa, so that policy-makers and decision-makers can also consider this paradigm and come up with gender-sensitive economic alternatives for sustainable development in Africa. The suggestions were mainly to increase the participation of women in trade negotiation processes, in capacity building and in regional markets. The session also examined the participation of women in the non-agricultural wage sector, which increases their opportunities for higher income generation. However, it was noted with disappointment that most women have remained in the informal, unpaid agricultural/household sector and this has exacerbated womens poverty situation. Even though today more women are in parliaments in all Southern African countries than ever before, in most countries women remain vastly under-represented in politics, and represent far less than the desired 50:50 women-to-men ratio. This consistent disempowerment of women in tertiary education, employment and politics has forced many women into informal cross-border trade (ICBT) for survival. Nonetheless, Africa in general, and Southern Africa in particular, have seen slow but noticeable changes in attitudes towards integrating and mainstreaming gender issues in national and regional policies and development programmes. In the meantime, the reality of the women of Africa is that they remain a vulnerable, marginalized group that has yet to enjoy equality with their male counterparts with regard to status, and to access to resources and services. Women are still concentrated in rural areas, where facilities and services are scarce. In Southern Africa, women remain the daily managers and users of natural resources. They are involved in the major decisions that govern these resources and the environment. In politics and decision-making, women are mobilized in large numbers to vote, yet they remain visibly absent in decision-making positions in both the public and private sectors. Women remain concentrated in the feminized professions, such as teaching, nursing, secretarial work, etc., and at best hold middle-management positions. There is no doubt that it is important to understand the factors underlying this gender paralysis in trade development so that appropriate strategies can be designed and implemented. 1. Presentations by the panellists (a) Presentation of a documentary on womens voices in Zimbabwe (case study) During the second segment of the meeting a DVD on the voices of women in the Zimbabwe womens movement was shown, describing their current situation, how much progress they have made and the milestones that need to be achieved. Women discussed the challenges they faced, the importance of empowerment through education, and how rights realization and political and financial empowerment have moved them into positions of decision-making. The DVD featured prominent women such as Naomi Chimbete (ZWRCN), Emilia Muchawa (ZWALA), Edna Masiiwa (WAG), Bertha Jambaya (JPV), Womens Clubs, Hon. Olivia Muchena and Hon. Vice-President Mujuru. These women have made so many milestone contributions to the success of the womens movement today, and the participants applauded their work and urged that there should be no time to rest, but the push for 50:50 representation should be continued in all leadership positions in all sectors of the economy. 2. Questions and comments by the audience MsDiaro, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), Geneva, said that YWCA is always talking about women working around arts and crafts, especially in the area of Intellectual property rights. MsDiaro called for governments to revise policies, especially as they should be inclusive of women. A participant from Lesotho suggested that the issues that had been discussed were the same issues in their home country, and they hoped that more inputs would also benefit them. This was also seconded by participants from Uganda and Kenya, who also indicated that 70per cent of their intraregional trade is cross-border trade between those two countries, and the majority of those involved in this trade are women. MrSaurombe, UNISA, appreciated the session and the special aspect, research on regional integration, and wondered to what extent can we move activism to total participation: not only how we can benefit the greater part, but also how we can increase access to credit facilities where women are not given same level of access. MsSalamis la, Geneva, mentioned the inclusion of women in trade especially. Africa must look at some best practices from what they are doing in Asia. We are trying to transform our global experience today, by moving women in the informal sector with a more comprehensive approach that supports women entrepreneurs. The main question here was do you have frameworks like those in Southern Africa? If not, she invited us to learn from the experience of Asia as a best practice. Mr Seth Lately, Commonwealth Secretariat Foundation, indicated that he works for the Commonwealth Secretariats programme on governance and democracy in strengthening the capacity of civil society organizations, such as REPT. However, they had noted during their interventions that culture had been their main challenge. He therefore wanted to know how actual social and cultural norms are being dealt with in South Africa to facilitate the smooth flow of trade, as this aspect might hinder access for women more than the fact that they can be evaluated/competitive. Mr Passmore Chimanikire, -Zimbabwe, added that issues of quality and standards have also affected the work that women bring to external markets. 3. Presentations by the panellists (b) Ottilia Chikosha, Executive Director, Regional Export Promotion Trust Zimbabwe Informative presentation Dissemination of UNIFEM ICBT Research Report The third segment of the session was the presentation by MsChikosha on research results. MsChikosha discussed a 45-page presentation on the UNIFEM research project for 45minutes, while the panellists listened with interest. The research clearly pointed out the challenges for women in Southern Africa, which is, however, a mirror image for the whole of Africa as far gender equality and economic empowerment of women is concerned. 4. Questions and comments by the audience MrSaurombe, UNISA, thanked the panellists for their insight on the situation and on the challenges that the informal sector is facing in Southern Africa. He suggested that the forum would be pleased to have a feel of what is going on at ground level, and emphasized that more of these sessions must be held, as they are key to influencing policy at national, regional and international levels. However he wondered to what extent REPT (and other womens organizations working with women in cross-border trade (WICBT)) were participating in regional negotiations taking place at both Southern African Development Community (SADC) and COMESA? What was the impact on SADC/COMESA of Free Trade Areas, the harmonization of tariffs and reduction of tariff regimes? Did the traders benefit? Was it a negative or positive impact, or was nothing felt? Did they know what COMESA Customs Union meant? Were they aware of goods to be traded 85per cent duty free? How is their participation in preparatory inputs being taken on board in protocols? MsTran Thi Thu Hang, Deputy Permanent Representative of SR Vietnam to the ϲʹ, first indicated that she was deeply moved by the long list of challenges that had been tabled as challenges for women in Southern Africa at the border posts. Were women in cross-border trade well aware of their rights as women as far abusive situations or harassment were concerned? What support was there for them? Was there a hotline that could assist in cases of violence? What was the linkage shipping in regulation for border trade? 5. Conclusions and way forward In conclusion, it was noted that women in Southern Africa are operating in an unsafe environment, and there was a need for governments to respond to the accountability gaps identified in the baseline studies on women in trade. Based on the mapping of the policy environment, showing the existing opportunities for collaboration with the Economic Commission for Africa, the Regional Economic Communities, African governments, development partners and civil society groups to tackle those accountability gaps, there was also a call for the establishment of hotlines to report issues of sexual harassment. The session concluded by the panellist assuring the Forum of the intention to further engage governments and regional economic communities and funding partners on these and other issues highlighted in the session, and time-frames were established to give feedback during the next ϲʹ Public Forum.      FILENAME \p \* MERGEFORMAT DivImrd:#Imrd:HelenS:Public Forum:Publication 2010:2. Back from copy editor:Session 31.doc  savedate \@ dd.MM.yy 31.10.10  printdate \@ dd.MM.yy 00.00.00  5 6 @ s | $ 1 a s v w cg   NOZ 5@ce""'((\)])d)e)j)k)u)v)))))))))b****ƾƾʹƾƬƾƾhj[h|5\hj[h|\h|CJOJQJhj[h|5 hj[h|hj[h|CJOJQJ h#bh|h#bh|5h|hj[h|OJQJh|OJQJ@5 6 @ s | " l $ 1 a s 8  $xgd|mxgd|gd| ^`gd| Z 5^ "H#(%`''(h((b**.00E4G4H4J4K4M4N4 dgd| $xgd|gd|x^`gd|*****************++,+6+E+N+++++++++++,,!,-,A,B,Q,S,`,a,o,,,,,,,,--b-c-----------------......:.C.D.E.F.............V/hj[h|h,&h| hj[h|]V/Z//////////000$0%0&020?0E0S0T0g0i000000000 1!1)1+10121G1J1P1Q1111111\2]222222222<3=3B3K3U3f3333344#4*4E4F4H4I4K4L4N4O4Q4R4n4o444444 h|*jh|Uhj[h|5 hj[h|h|XN4P4Q45555gd|. dgd|4444444555555 hj[h| h|*jh|Uh| 21h:p|. A!"#$% 666666~~~vvvvvv666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666H6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~8XV~$OJPJQJ^J_HmH nH sH tH J`J vNormal dCJ_HaJmH sH tH @  4 Heading 1B$$dh45$7$8$9D@&H$^`5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ66  4 Heading 2 @&66  4 Heading 3 @&F1F  4 Heading 4 @&^`2A2  4 Heading 5@&FAF  4 Heading 6 @&^4`2a2  4 Heading 7@&2a2  4 Heading 8@&2 a2  4 Heading 9 @&DA`D Default Paragraph FontRiR 0 Table Normal4 l4a (k ( 0No List PP  4Heading 1 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJPP  4Heading 2 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJPP  4Heading 3 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJP!P  4Heading 4 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJP1P  4Heading 5 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJPAP  4Heading 6 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJPQP  4Heading 7 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJPaP  4Heading 8 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJPqP 4Heading 9 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4 Art_heading4d45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4Normal_after_title1dh45$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4Chap_No:$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$5;CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4 Chap_title:$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJBB 4Appendix_No & title 4Annex_No & title:$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4ASN.1Kd,7n4 J &5$7$8$9DH$&5CJOJPJQJ^JaJmHnHu|O| 4 Heading_i4$d45$7$8$9DH$6CJOJPJQJ^JaJ|| 4Art_No: $$d45$7$8$9DH$a$;CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4 Art_title:!$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJzz 4Call;"$$d45$7$8$9DH$^6CJOJPJQJ^JaJ|2| 4enumlev19#dP45$7$8$9DH$^`CJOJPJQJ^JaJ41B4 4enumlev2 $^`s0AR0 4enumlev3%^4pbp 4Equation.&dx %5$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJ^JaJr 4Equation_legend3'dP5$7$8$9DH$^`?CJOJPJQJ^JaJrr 4 Figure_legend&($$d5$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJ^JaJxx 4Figure:)$$dx45$7$8$9DH$a$CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4Figure_No & title7*$dx45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ.). 4 Page Number 4 Table_textO,d((,7Sn  / J f5$7$8$9DH$OJPJQJ^JaJ 4Figure_without_title7-$dx45$7$8$9DH$a$CJOJPJQJ^JaJt @t/ 4Footer'.dB%5$7$8$9DH$&;CJOJPJQJ^JaJmHnHuTT. 4 Footer Char&;CJOJPJQJ^JaJmHnHuZZ 4 FirstFooter#0( B%5$7$8$9DH$;uD&D  4Footnote ReferenceCJEHJA"J 3 4 Footnote Text2$^`T1T 2 4Footnote Text CharCJOJPJQJ^JaJlBl 4Note14dP45$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJ^JaJ^R^ 6 40Header5d5$7$8$9DH$a$CJOJPJQJ^JaJFaF 5 40 Header CharCJOJPJQJ^JaJr r  4Index 117dx45$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJ^JaJv v  4Index 258dx45$7$8$9DH$^CJOJPJQJ^JaJv v  4Index 359dx45$7$8$9DH$^6CJOJPJQJ^JaJ~~ 4Part_No::$$dP45$7$8$9DH$a$;CJOJPJQJ^JaJ|| 4Part_ref:;$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4 Part_title:<$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJll { 4 Section_1#=dp5$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJnn 4Rec_ref)>$$dx5$7$8$9DH$a$6CJOJPJQJ^JaJll 4Rec_date)?$$dx5$7$8$9DH$a$6OJPJQJ^JaJ66 4 Question_date@2!B2 4 Question_NoAv2v 4Rec_No3B$$d45$7$8$9DH$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4 Rec_title:C$$dh45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ81R8 4Question_titleD44 4 Question_refE|b| 4Ref_text9Fdx45$7$8$9DH$^`CJOJPJQJ^JaJ,, 4Rep_dateG(!( 4Rep_NoH.1. 4 Rep_titleI*r* 4Rep_refJ,, 4Res_dateK(!( 4Res_NoL.1. 4 Res_titleM** 4Res_refN 4 Section_No:O$$dP45$7$8$9DH$a$;CJOJPJQJ^JaJ 4 Section_title:P$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJrr 4Source0QdH45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJV"V 4Special FooterR7n a$;u 4 Table_headUS$dPP,7Sn  / J f5$7$8$9DH$a$5OJPJQJ^JaJB 4 Table_legendOTdx(,7Sn  / J f5$7$8$9DH$OJPJQJ^JaJ>*Q>  4Endnote ReferenceH*2 4Table_No & title:V$$dhx45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ\\ 4Title 1.W!47n 5;*q* 4Title 2X.. 4Title 3Y;.. 4Title 4Z5hh 4toc 0([dx%5$7$8$9DH$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJzz  4pTOC 1=\$d U"%5$7$8$9DH$]S^`XCJOJPJQJ^JaJ22  4pTOC 2]P^`&&  4pTOC 3^&& 4pTOC 4_&& 4pTOC 5`&& 4pTOC 6a&"& 4pTOC 7b&2& 4pTOC 8c2A2 4App_def 5OJQJ&Q& 4App_ref2a2 4Art_def 5OJQJ&q& 4Art_ref|b| 4 Ref_title4hd45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ22 4Res_def 5OJQJ88 4 Table_freq 5B*ph,, 4Formalk5nn 4 Footer_QP*ld U"%5$7$8$9DH$5OJPJQJ^JaJ|O| 4 Heading_b4m$d45$7$8$9DH$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJll 4 Section_2#nd5$7$8$9DH$a$6CJOJPJQJ^JaJ2 4 Rec_No_BR:o$$d45$7$8$9DH$a$;CJOJPJQJ^JaJ8B8 4Question_No_BRp.. 4 Rep_No_BRq.. 4 Res_No_BRr2 4Table_title_BR6s$$dx45$7$8$9DH$a$5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ2 4 Table_No_BR7t$d0x45$7$8$9DH$a$;CJOJPJQJ^JaJx2x 4 Table_ref3u$dx45$7$8$9DH$a$CJOJPJQJ^JaJ*a* 4Rec_def5B1B 4Figure_title_BR w$r 4 Figure_No_BR:x$$dx45$7$8$9DH$a$;CJOJPJQJ^JaJ,, | 4Section1y  4p TOC Heading<zd45$7$8$9D@& H$^`$B*CJOJQJ\aJmH ph6_sH PP = 4Section_1 Char5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ22 y 4 Section1 Char6U6  40 Hyperlink >*B*ph`!r` 4 Index Heading~da$OJPJQJ^JaJB'B 4Comment ReferenceCJaJ*W*  4Strong5\vBv 4 Body Text1dxx45$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJ^JaJL!L 4Body Text CharCJOJPJQJ^JaJ|+2| 4 Endnote Text1dx45$7$8$9DH$CJOJPJQJ^JaJRAR 4Endnote Text CharCJOJPJQJ^JaJBB  4pTOC 9 d^OJPJQJ^JtH hbh 4paranormaltextddd[$\$CJOJPJQJ^JaJtH NrN -80 Balloon Text dCJOJQJaJR/R -80Balloon Text CharCJOJQJaJmH sH PK!K[Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢]yl#!MB;BQޏaLSWyҟ^@ Lz]__CdR{`L=r85v&mQ뉑8ICX=H"Z=&JCjwA`.Â?U~YkG/̷x3%o3t\&@w!H'"v0PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!\theme/theme/theme1.xmlYOoE#F{o'NDuر i-q;N3' G$$DAč*iEP~wq4;{o?g^;N:$BR64Mvsi-@R4Œ mUb V*XX! cyg$w.Q "@oWL8*Bycjđ0蠦r,[LC9VbX*x_yuoBL͐u_. DKfN1엓:+ۥ~`jn[Zp֖zg,tV@bW/Oټl6Ws[R?S֒7 _כ[֪7 _w]ŌShN'^Bxk_[dC]zOլ\K=.:@MgdCf/o\ycB95B24S CEL|gO'sקo>W=n#p̰ZN|ӪV:8z1f؃k;ڇcp7#z8]Y / \{t\}}spķ=ʠoRVL3N(B<|ݥuK>P.EMLhɦM .co;əmr"*0#̡=6Kր0i1;$P0!YݩjbiXJB5IgAФ޲a6{P g֢)҉-Ìq8RmcWyXg/u]6Q_Ê5H Z2PU]Ǽ"GGFbCSOD%,p 6ޚwq̲R_gJS֣9)嗛(:/ak;6j11太x~<:ɮ>O&kNa4dht\?J&l O٠NRpwhpse)tp)af] 27n}mk]\S,+a2g^Az )˙>E G鿰L7)'PK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-!K[Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 1_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!\theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] - H *V/45 !# N45" )L# AA@0(  B S  ? _Toc252114157 _Toc273270591 _Toc252114160 _Toc273270594 _Toc252114163 _Toc273270597 _Toc252114164 _Toc273270598    ((-  33((-G,G,JP%+,3ovwz{v}~4<`kZ?^(l`dlmx%%%%%%%%%%%%&&&&H&I&K&L&_&`&b&c&&&&(((((:);)F)G)Q)R)T)U)))))g*i*t*u*****J+K+N+O+w+x+++,,,,),*,-,.,E,E,G,G,H,H,J,K,M,N,P,Q,,,,,----/05LS''+,E,E,G,G,H,H,J,K,M,N,P,Q,--::::::::h2 hx\A7q:c^`o(.^`.pL^p`L.@ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PL^P`L.^`OJPJQJ^Jo(" ^`OJQJ^Jo(o p^p`OJQJo( @ ^@ `OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o P^P`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o p^p`OJQJo( @ ^@ `OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(^`OJQJ^Jo(o P^P`OJQJo(h27qx\AhT        ~                 |E,G,J,M,P,--@-@UnknownGTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial7Calibri?{Courier New7CambriaCLucida Grande;{Wingdings"1hff'(Sdeq4d0u 2qHX  $P 42!xx karen Helen Swain    Oh+'0t   0 < HT\dl' karen Normal.dotm Helen Swain3Microsoft Macintosh Word@@:z{@]z{' ՜.+,0 hp|  ' (0  Title  !"#$&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOQRSTUVWYZ[\]^_bRoot Entry FOyz{d1Table%rTWordDocument4HSummaryInformation(PDocumentSummaryInformation8XCompObj`ObjectPoolyz{yz{ F Microsoft Word 97-2004 DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8