ࡱ> OQNq =?bjbjt+t+ &VAA;;]v v v v v v v  8 D 4& & & & & & & & $!v & & & & & l v v & & & l l l & Fv & v &  v v v v & l l  v v &  < l ^& Notes for an Address to the Central Party School of China Beijing , May 24, 2002 ϲʹ: From Doha and Beyond Introduction I would like to thank you all very much for inviting me here today. And on behalf of the Members of the ϲʹ, I would also like to take this opportunity to thank President Jiang, Premier Zhu, Trade Minister Shi, ViceMinister Long, Chinas Chief Negotiator for ϲʹ accession, and all the other Chinese officials who helped make Chinas bid to join the ϲʹ a success. All ϲʹ Members greatly appreciate the leadership shown by these individuals. It is a great pleasure to be here to discuss the ϲʹϒs new global trade negotiations. I am always excited to return to China and experience the energy in this country. Speaking to you at a time of such momentous change in China, as you work to reform what is perhaps the world's most promising economy, helps me focus on the central goal of the ϲʹ  to unleash the potential for free markets to improve living standards around the world. If I had been here just two years ago, after the ϲʹ's Ministerial Conference in Seattle, I would have told you that the ϲʹ had 130something Members, that the ϲʹ was beleaguered by protestors and bogged down in interminable multilateral meetings, but that Canada and other ϲʹ Members were all still hoping to one day launch a new round of global trade negotiations. Now, of course, the ϲʹ has 144 Members  including China  we have launched a new round, and for the moment the protestors are not as loud as they once were. I regret to report, however, that the multilateral meetings are longer than ever. You all know how important Chinas accession to the ϲʹ is, how exciting the new economic and political opportunities are, and what a challenge it will be for China and the international business community to adapt to this revolutionary change. Doha But Chinas accession to the ϲʹ was not the only major accomplishment the global trading community achieved at the ϲʹϒs Fourth Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar, last November. I believe Doha was a pivotal turning point for world trade and the ϲʹ. In particular, we achieved four major accomplishments. The Negotiating Agenda First, ϲʹ Members agreed to a broad negotiating agenda, which includes: liberalization of goods and services trade on a clear timetable; agricultural reform; clearer rules on antidumping, subsidies & countervailing measures, and regional trade agreements certain trade and environment issues; a multilateral registry for wines and spirits; and reform of the dispute settlement system. Doha also paved the way for future negotiations on Singapore issues  global rules for investment, competition policy, transparency in government procurement and on trade facilitation  to be launched by consensus at the Ministerial Conference next year. So by any measure, these negotiations are ambitious. Doha Development Agenda Second, and perhaps most importantly, Members strove to bridge the development divide, the global gap between rich and poor. The Doha Development Agenda  as we've called this round  will contribute to economic growth and reduction of poverty in developing countries. Members committed to deliver more and better traderelated technical assistance and capacity building for developing countries. The goal is to ensure every ϲʹ Member can participate effectively in negotiations and maximize benefits of global trading system. Furthermore, the Doha mandate addresses developing country concerns about basic market access for their exports to developed countries. This is where the most substantial opportunities lie. On agriculture, for example, trade ministers made history when they agreed to negotiate reductions of  with a view to phasing out  all forms of agricultural export subsidies, and to reduce tradedistorting domestic support. Rich countries currently pay out roughly 1 billion US dollars in market distorting subsidies every day more than four times all the development assistance going to poor nations. And that is before the new US farm bill adds almost 190 billion US dollars in new subsidies over the next 10 years! So the Doha mandate represents real progress toward allowing farmers from Canada and China to compete on a level playing field with other farmers, rather than with the national treasuries of the worlds richest governments. Beyond traditional trade issues Third, going beyond traditional trade issues, the Doha agenda also incorporates strong support for sustainable development, a commitment to improve coherence in global economic policy, and a commitment to greater transparency  which I believe is central to the future of the ϲʹ. China's Accession Of course, the fourth and final notable accomplishment at Doha was the decision after 15 years of negotiations to accept China as ϲʹ Member. The addition of China makes the ϲʹ a truly global organization. And as a ϲʹ Member, China has important new obligations and important new rights. China, and all its major trading partners, are now mutually bound by ϲʹ rules and the fundamental principles of national treatment, most-favoured-nation treatment, transparency, and rules-based dispute settlement. This means, for example, that ϲʹ Members are not allowed to discriminate against Chinese goods and services just because they are Chinese. It also means that China has a right to continually question the trade policies of other Members in the committees of the ϲʹ  and all Members have the right to question Chinas trade policies. Of course, the ϲʹ is not going to solve all China's trade problems. As we in Canada know from our relationship with United States  which includes the worlds largest bilateral trade flows  the more trade the more potential for disputes. Canada, the U.S., the Europeans, and others have been in the GATT and ϲʹ for more than 50 years, and yet new trade disputes arise each year. But the ϲʹϒs dispute settlement mechanism provides a valuable tool for resolving disputes based on right, not might. Now that China has finished its accession negotiations, the real work begins. After all, ϲʹ rules and principles affect many aspects of public policy at different levels of government. In fact, it is changes to ones own domestic policies that often bring the greatest longterm benefits to ones consumers and businesses. Of course, ϲʹ Membership also means that China will be  for the first time  a major player in global trade negotiations, helping to open new markets and shape new ϲʹ rules. And with more than 97% of world trade now governed by the multilateral trading system, the Doha round of negotiations has unrivalled potential for stimulating longterm global economic growth. Start of a long road Doha was only the launch of new global trade negotiations  we now have much work to do and very little time to do it. The deadline for completing all the negotiations  Jan. 1, 2005 less than three years away now. In ϲʹ time, that is a very ambitious deadline. The last round of global trade negotiations took almost 8 years. The issues this time are just as contentious and complex, and more players, especially developing countries, are determined to have a say in the outcome. But we have made solid progress since Doha on establishing the framework for negotiations: Members decided to host the 2003 Ministerial in Mexico, Sept. 1014; We established the Trade Negotiations Committee, selected chairs for 7 negotiating groups, and agreed on lean and efficient negotiating structure and workplan; Members raised 30 million Swiss Francs, double the target, for contributions to the Global Trust Fund set up to finance technical assistance; And every negotiating group has discussed a work programme, guidelines and timelines. So by almost every measure, ϲʹ is moving faster than the GATT did in Uruguay Round. But then again, we dont have 8 years to finish the job! The Challenges Ahead As you can imagine, a number of challenges lie ahead, and we need to turn them into opportunities. 1) First challenge, and greatest enemy, is time. Deadline for completing the negotiations is January 1, 2005  less than three years away. In ϲʹ time this is a very ambitious deadline Members will have to focus and work toward it with unwavering determination. 2) Maintaining determination will require direct engagement by trade ministers Ministers early involvement was crucial to success at Doha. Now that weve launched, trade ministers need to remain engaged and find political will to lead and make tough compromises. 3) Maintain trust and enthusiasm of developing world Represents three quarters of ϲʹ Membership. Large developing countries  like India, Brazil and now China  are major players at the ϲʹ and help to set the agenda of every negotiation ϲʹ must deliver on the technical and capacitybuilding assistance, and manage expectations accordingly. 4) Biggest challenges are the issues on the table There will be unprecedented pressure to open markets to politically sensitive exports, especially from developing and leastdeveloped countries, such as: industrial exports, particularly textiles and clothing agricultural products Some Members warn that they may resist the launch at Mexico of negotiations on the Singapore issues  particularly investment and competition. This would be challenged vigorously by proponents. 5) Cooperation between the US and EU United States Trade Representative Robert Zoellick and European Trade Commissioner Pascal Lamy deserve tremendous credit for working cooperatively before and at Doha. The chemistry of any round is unpredictable: outside events can be as influential as the negotiations themselves. It is vital they continue to work together and prevent disagreements e.g., steel, farm bill from complicating the transatlantic relationship, and potentially spilling over and undermining negotiations. 6) US needs flexible and realistic negotiating authority To close negotiations by 2005, US negotiators need fasttrack Trade Promotion Authority from Congress  and soon. Other Members will not make difficult concessions if there is a risk that, after everyone else has agreed, Congress will send US negotiators back to the table for more. 7) Final challenge: build public support internationally Political leaders  here in China and elsewhere  cannot make the tough choices required if the world only hears the critics and support for trade is cool. To build support for the ϲʹϒs work and to make sure we are taking decisions that are in the best interest of our businesses and citizens, governments must take the time to explain the benefits of trade liberalization and consult all those in our countries who have a stake in the negotiations. It is important to explain what them what it is we are really doing in the ϲʹ and to listen to their views. To be frank  compared to bilateral and regional initiatives  the private sector internationally took much less interest in Seattle and Doha, despite the real benefits of further trade liberalization. As I told the CanadaChina Business Council yesterday, given the stakes for businesses in China, Canada and around the world, this needs to change. The stakes For my own country  a nation with a midsized economy, and one in three jobs and almost 45% of our GDP supported by trade  the success of this round is very important. That is why Canada is aggressively pursuing  among other things  liberalization and market access in the agricultural, industrial and services sectors, and reform of the rules on antidumping and subsidies. For China the potential benefits are potentially even greater. Last year China was the fourth largest exporter in the world  just larger than Canada. And China attracts more foreign direct investment than any other developing country  47 billion US dollars in 2001. So far China has taken a cautious stand in the negotiations, perhaps because its negotiating interests are so unique. As I am sure you know, Chinese negotiators have to wear several hats at once, representing the complex interests of a huge developing country with a large agricultural base, a sophisticated hightech sector, a fastgrowing services sector, extremely competitive export interests and an infinite appetite for investment. Balancing all these interests in a very complex global negotiating round will be a challenge for China, particularly as it copes to manage the domestic reforms required by ϲʹ accession. To help meet these challenges China has sent a very capable negotiating team to Geneva  led by your impressive Ambassador Sun, formerly a ViceMinister of MOFTEC  headquartered in a brand new mission on the shores of Lac Leman. Trade and the road to prosperity But if China is to take full advantage of the potential of these negotiations, it is officials like yourselves, here in Beijing, that will need to make some very tough decisions and compromises. You know as well as anyone that the road to prosperity runs through an open border, open trade and open investment. And you know that closed borders and closed markets choke competition and fundamentally weaken an economys ability to create jobs and provide consumers with a high standard of living. But at the same time, you face formidable domestic pressures from those who want, for one parochial reason or another, to close the road to prosperity, or at least divert it. As a former Minister for International Trade, I am very familiar with those pressures. And now as an Ambassador from a nation that has grown wealthier through international trade and investment, and Chair of the ϲʹ body that is mandated to further liberalize global trade, I know you will steer China down the right path. Conclusion The global economy is changing more quickly than ever. ϲʹ  and China and my own country, Canada  must all continue to move forward with the times. Around the world, governments must work together with citizens and businesses to harvest the benefits of globalization. The ϲʹϒs new global trade round gives us an unprecedented opportunity to do so. The World Bank recently estimated that abolishing all trade barriers could boost global income by $2.8 trillion, and lift 320 million people out of poverty by 2015. Now thats just an estimate. I dont pretend to believe that the Doha round will abolish all trade barriers, but a figure like that serves as a strong reminder of the real objectives of this trade round. Some sceptics believe our objectives cannot be accomplished, and that these ϲʹ negotiations will fail. In response, it may be appropriate to quote an ancient proverb that says: The person who says it cannot be done should not interrupt the person doing it. Thank you. "V 5 i"{"##A$v$Z%%p&&'())+',Q--01<11217S7B;N;0?:?=?···£··­£·£·­­­­­­­··· B*OJQJ>*B*CJOJQJ5B*CJOJQJ5>*B*CJOJQJB*CJOJQJB*CJOJQJ5>*B*CJOJQJ5>*B*OJQJ5B*OJQJ5B*OJQJ5>*B*OJQJ:=>UV_`   6$ & p@ P !6 & p@ P !=>UV_`   ~  tu  4534{|   S!!@"",#0######@$A$x$y$$%Y%Z%%%%o&p&&&&j'''(((()))))6d ~   c | @lmq6` & p@ P !6 & p@ P !tu  4534{|6 & p@ P !   S!!@"",#0######@$A$x$y$$%Y%Z%60 & p@ P !6 & p@ P !Z%%%%o&p&&&&j'''(((())))))6` & p@ P !6 & p@ P !60 & p@ P !))*+++),*,,O-P-Q---1.\////101;1<1223355/70717R7S78888I9J9R:S:T:@;A;B;M;N;<<)>*>/?0?;?*>/?0?6 & p@ P !0?;?p0 818 List Number & FD hD:D List Number 2 & F@0 4Z4 Plain Text CJOJQJ*J*Subtitle$@&<,<Table of Authorities <#<Table of Figures ! ,>",Title"$ 5;KH*2*Title 2#$>**B*Title 3$$66R6 Title Country%$;... TOA Heading&5DDTOC 1!'$0<< p# 5;BBTOC 2!($0<< p# :DDTOC 3$)$0<< p#@J5>>TOC 4!*$0<< p# BBTOC 5!+$0<< p# 6>>TOC 6,$<< p# CJ>>TOC 7-$L<< p# CJ>>TOC 8.$)<< p# CJ>>TOC 9/$<< p# CJ\$\Envelope Address0&@ /+D CJOJQJ22 Quotation1@"@Quotation Double2D2DFootnote Quotation 3CJ, B,Footer 4 C#.R.Header5$ C#0ob0Style06CJhmH nH =;V=?  Z%)30?=?!#$%&()*)=?"'FK5=&&.&(3-3>; AdministratorBC:\WINNT\Profiles\Moris\Desktop\from_doha_and_beyond_24may02_e.doc| d} (̠~4tlv<@2rHN\ >S(<447 v&`'zdv]<  >%9p&'+c2֗.... OJQJo( OJQJo( OJQJo( OJQJo(hh. hhOJQJo(0.0.0.0()h.0()p0p()()p@ ()ho(0o(()p0po(()p0po(-0o(()0o(()0o(-p0po(()@ 0@ o(()ho(. 0OJQJo(-...()().0()0()7i7-0.0.0.0()0()h.0()p0p()p0p-I222247 22222 >%~~}}||222247 22222 >%~}|222247 22222 >%<'z&'+&'+&'+&'+@:;:;@}HH:;:;=;p@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3& Arial=Arial (W1)?5 Courier New"qh+h&+h&0h!0d;Notes for an Address to the Administrator AdministratorOh+'0 (4 P \ ht|Notes for an Address to the MioteAdministratordddmidmi Normal.dotoAdministratordd2miMicrosoft Word 8.0s@@<@<0՜.+,D՜.+,P  hp   OMC - ϲʹ h;1 Notes for an Address to the Title 6> _PID_GUIDAN{B3832982-A878-11D6-BE53-000629055B66}  !"#$%&'()*+-./0123456789:;<=?@ABCDEGHIJKLMPRoot Entry FX<6<R1Table,}"WordDocument&VSummaryInformation(>86<6<  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q