°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ ANALYTICAL INDEX: INDEX
Index
The following index covers the body text of this book but not the text of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements. Disputes have been indexed under the name of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Member respondent in the dispute and under the subject matter.
D
data collection period (AD 2 and AD 3)
absence of provision AD 171, 179, 191, 222
Anti-Dumping Practices Committee Recommendation (2000) AD 13, 222
legal status AD 175, 222 n. 309
causal link, need for AD 179–80, 189–91, 197
frequency of analysis for AD 3.2 purposes AD 221
length of period for AD 3.2 purposes AD 222
“positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1) and AD 172–3, 180, 189–90, 196–7
public notice of determination (AD 12.2), inclusion of reasons for AD 13, 830
use of different periods
dumping/injury determinations AD 173, 197
injury factors AD 172
data collection period (AD 5.8) (determination of negligible import volumes) 8407–8
data collection period (AD 10.6) AD 733
data collection period (AD 11.3) (review of anti-dumping duties), specification, relevance AD 788
data collection period (SCM 15.1/15.2) SCM 423, 438
Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000)
adoption (Doha 12) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 56, 67
AG 15 (special and differential treatment) AG 150
Customs Valuation Agreement (VAL) (para. 8) VAL 69
least-developed countries and: see least-developed countries (LDCs); Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) and
as “relevant document” °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 56
SCM 3.1(a), exemption of least-developed countries SCM 530
SCM Committee, instructions to SCM 351–2
SPS Agreement (para. 3): see Equivalence, Decision on Implementation of SPS 4 (26 October 2001)
two-track approach °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 116
decision-making procedures (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IX) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 196–212
authoritative interpretation (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IX:2): see interpretation of covered agreements, responsibility for authoritative (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IX:2)
consensus (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IX:1) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 196, 273
Decision-Making Procedures Under Articles IX and XII of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement, General Council decision (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 196
decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:1): see GATT 1947/°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ continuity; decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:1)/provisions of legal instruments in force under GATT 1947 (GATT 1994 1(b)) (GATT acquis)
delegations: see composition of delegation
determination of dumping (AD 2)
calculation of dumping margins (AD 2.4)
calculation of “all other” anti-dumping duty rate (AD 9.4), applicability to AD 701–2
comparison of weighted average normal value with weighted average of all comparable export transactions (AD 2.4.2) AD 116–17, 701–2
“c´Ç³¾±è²¹°ù²¹²ú±ô±ð” AD 118–23, 356, 357–9
imposition and collection of anti-dumping duties (AD 9), relevance AD 142 n. 204
multiple averaging (AD 2.4.2) AD 128–9
objective assessment for purposes of initiation of anti-dumping investigation (AD 5.3) and AD 369–70
refund of duties or taxes (AD 2.4.2/GATT VI:4) GATT 478–9
sampling of domestic transactions AD 126–7
targeted dumping AD 142
zeroing and AD 112–15, 119–23, 688–9
downstream sales AD 26
“margins” of dumping (AD 2.4.2) AD 113–15
“margin of dumping” (GATT VI:2), equivalence GATT 453
method, right to choose, GATT VI:2 and GATT 463
“zeroing” (AD 9.3/GATT VI:2): see “zeroing” (AD 9.3/GATT VI:2)
calculation of normal value, factors to be taken into account (AD 2.1)
AD 3.6 and AD 40
affiliated party transactions AD 25
comparability of price AD 24–5
“like product” AD 24
sale “destined for consumption in exporting country” AD 24–5
GATT VI:1(a) compared GATT 481
sales “in ordinary course of trade” AD 24, 27–9
calculation of SG&A costs (AD 2.2.2)
actual books and records as basis AD 48, 66
actual data “pertaining to” AD 56
low-volume sales data AD 57–60
non-verifiable data AD 59
“any other reasonable method” (AD 2.2.2(iii)) AD 76
freedom to choose method AD 63
reasonability test, relevance AD 73–5
reasonable reflection of costs associated with the production and sale of article AD 48
sales not in the normal course of trade, exclusion AD 69–70
“same general category of products” (AD 2.2.2(i)) AD 65–7
AD 2.2.2 and AD 66
AD 3.6 and AD 67
“weighted average” (AD 2.2.2(ii))
of “actual amounts incurred and realized” AD 69–70
single exporter or producer, sufficiency AD 68, 703
constituent elements, intention and (AD 2/GATT VI:1) GATT 454
cost data (AD 2.2.1.1)
allocation of costs, need for explanation AD 55
burden of proof AD 51
“in accordance with generally accepting accounting principles” AD 47
“negative” nature of obligations (“what is not prohibited…”) AD 49
non-recurring costs (NRCs) AD 52–5
“reasonable period of time” AD 46
“reasonably reflect costs” requirement AD 47, 48
“shall consider all available evidence” AD 50
data collection period: see data collection period (AD 2 and AD 3)
definitions, “dumping” and “margin of dumping”, identity of meaning throughout AD Agreement AD 16, 404
export price, construction in absence of [reliable] actual export price AD 24
fair comparison (AD 2.4) distinguished AD 72
fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD 2.4)
affiliated party transactions AD 25
construction of normal value (AD 2.2) distinguished AD 72
determination of individual margins (AD 6.10) distinguished AD 625 n. 858, 643
“due allowance”
“costs … incurred between importation and resale” AD 102
differences in “terms and conditions of sale” AD 98–100
“differences which affect price comparability” AD 91–7
“in each case, on its merits” AD 88–90
legal effect/ “should also be made” AD 101
risk of bankruptcy, relevance AD 98–100
for unforeseeable costs AD 102
exchange rates and (AD 2.4.1) AD 107
determination of relevant currency AD 109
general “fair comparison” requirement and AD 110–11
as independent obligation AD 81
responsibility for AD 103
“shall indicate … what information is necessary” AD 105–6
NMEs and (Note 2 Ad Article VI:1) GATT 455–9, AD 155–6
accession protocols, inclusion in GATT 455–9, AD 166–7
as exceptional method GATT 455, 481
preparatory work (VCLT 32) GATT 459
“sales made at as nearly as possible the same time” AD 87
investigating authorities’ right to request information AD 36
“like product” (AD 2.1) AD 20–2
“like product” (AD 2.6) AD 78, 151–4
“normal value … in the ordinary course of trade” (AD 2.1)
fair exercise of discretion AD 29
prices above or below ordinary course of trade price AD 31–3
sales not in normal course of trade, exclusion AD 30
scrutiny rules AD 34
period of investigation (POI)
changes during, relevance AD 14–15
developments during period of investigation, relevance AD 14–15
extension in course of investigation (AD, Annex II, para. 1) AD 540
records kept by the exporter or producer under investigation, limitation to AD 47
relationship between
AD 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4 AD 37
sales not “in the ordinary course of trade” (AD 2.2)
AD 2.1/GATT VI:1(a) distinguished GATT 481
affiliated party transactions AD 35
alternative methods, possibility of AD 28, 42
sales below cost, method for determining whether (AD 2.2.1) AD 42–5
weighted average (AD 2.2.2(ii)) and AD 69–70
sampling (AD 6.10): see sampling (AD 6.10)
determination of injury (AD 3)
causal relationship, manner of evaluating (AD 3.5)
non-attribution to dumped imports of injury caused by other factors (AD 3.5) AD 275, 276, 283–6
“positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1) and AD 216
SG 4.2(b) compared AD 285, 323, 1010
country by country analysis/cumulative assessment of volume and prices (AD 3.3) AD 235–40
sunset review (AD 11.3), applicability to AD 796
cumulative assessment (AD 3.3)
applicability to volume and prices analysis (AD 3.2) AD 236, 237
“conditions of competition” (AD 3.3(b)) and AD 239–40
rationale AD 238
data collection period: see data collection period (AD 2 and AD 3)
as detailed version of GATT VI GATT 494, AD 321
domestic production of like product, assessment of effect on (AD 3.6)
determination of dumping (AD 2.1) and AD 40
sectoral analysis, right to AD 288–90
“dumping” / “margin of dumping”: see “dumping”/ “margin of dumping” (AD 2.1)
evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4)
adequacy of evaluation AD 264
all relevant economic factors and indices having a bearing on AD 243
eventual relevance of factor, relevance AD 248, 251
“factors affecting domestic prices” AD 270–1
factors not involving material injury, right to consider AD 298
factors not listed in AD 3.4, right/obligation to consider AD 253–6
grammatical structure, relevance AD 247, 250
“g°ù´Ç·É³Ù³ó” AD 272
“having a bearing on” AD 257, 269
“i²Ô³¦±ô³Ü»å¾±²Ô²µ” AD 247, 249
Ëð°ù´Ç´Ú¾±³Ù²õ” AD 269
SG 4.2(a) factors and AD 247 n. 343, 251
“shall include” (mandatory/illustrative nature of list) AD 247–52
consideration of each factor to be “apparent” in final determination AD 248, 261–3
consideration as a whole AD 252
“domestic industry”
companies outside domestic industry, relevance AD 245–6, 328
domestic producers outside selected example, relevance AD 244, 328
selective and inconsistent approach to AD 215
“e±¹²¹±ô³Ü²¹³Ù¾±´Ç²Ô” AD 258–60
examination of other known factors (AD 3.5) AD 248
illustrative nature of list AD 282
“known” to investigating authority AD 278
“objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1) and AD 194, 208–9, 243
opportunity for defence of interests (AD 6.2) and AD 464
sectoral analysis, right to AD 194–5, 243
written record of analysis, need for AD 267–8
“injury” (AG 3 footnote 9), domestic industry (AD 4) and AD 176, 325, 336
merged companies and SCM 432
methodology, right to choose AD 183, 219, 231
“positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1) AD 181–209, 210–13
AD 17.6 (standard of review) distinguished AD 187
admissibility of undisclosed evidence AD 185–7, 917–18
domestic industry, use of information relating to AD 215
“dumped imports” and AD 200–7, 241, 277
margin of dumping not greater than de minimis AD 206
“effect of the dumped imports on prices” (AD 3.2) AD 226
evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4) AD 194, 243, 270–1
exclusion of “like” product as breach AD 217, 225
“facts, not merely allegation, conjecture or remote possibility” requirement (AD 3.7) and AD 186
non-attribution obligation and AD 216
“objective examination” AD 193
“consequent impact” (AD 3.1(b)) AD 209
industry as a whole, need to examine AD 187
price analysis and AD 205
sampling (AD 6.10) and AD 198–9, 203–4
significant increase in dumped imports analysis (AD 3.2) AD 210–13, 232–3
sunset review (AD 11.3), applicability to AD 768
use of different periods for data collection and AD 172–3, 180
volume and price effects (AD 3.2) AD 210–13
significant increase in dumped imports (AD 3.2)
cumulative analysis (AD 3.3), applicability AD 236
effect at regional level, sufficiency AD 227
“effect of the dumped imports on prices”, objective assessment AD 226
frequency of analysis AD 221
imports from other suppliers, relevance AD 217, 225
margin of dumping greater than de minimis, limitation to AD 206
merged companies and SCM 432
“positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1) AD 210–13, 232–3
price undercutting/suppression analysis AD 205 n. 277, 220, 230–3
“shall consider” AD 224
“significant”, alternative formulations AD 224, 256 n. 360
threat of material injury (AD 3.7)
AD 3.2 and SCM 15.2 factors and AD 301
“facts, not merely allegation, conjecture or remote possibility” AD 186
a “clearly foreseen and imminent” change of circumstances, need for AD 291–2, 302
“consideration” of facts AD 293–5
“likelihood of substantially increased importation” (AD 3.7(i)) AD 296
positive evidence requirement (AD 3.1) AD 186
“material injury would occur” / “consequent impact” AD 297–301
as responsibility of authorities AD 302, 320
“special care” requirement (AD 3.8/SCM 15.8) AD 305–6, SCM 451–2
underlying principles (AD 3.1) AD 169–70, 177–8, 181
determination of injury (SCM 15)
“all relevant economic factors” (SCM 15.4) SCM 439–42
domestic industry definition (SCM 16), relevance SCM 442
causal relationship between subsidized imports and injury to domestic injury (SCM 15.5 and footnote 47)
non-attribution of other factors SCM 444, 445–50
identity of AD 3.5 provisions/applicability of jurisprudence relating to SCM 445–6
“subsidization” and injury caused by “subsidized imports” distinguished SCM 372, 443–4
“through the effects of the subsidy” SCM 443–50
“through the effects of the subsidy” (SCM 19.1), identity of meaning SCM 461
data collection period (SCM 15.1/15.2) SCM 423, 438
identity of AD 3 provisions/applicability of jurisprudence relating to SCM 421, 445–6
“injury” (SCM 15 footnote 45) SCM 372
“positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (SCM 15.1)
see also determination of injury (AD 3), “positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1)
“objective examination” SCM 421–2
as underlying principle SCM 421
price effect determination (SCM 15.2) SCM 433–7
non-attribution of factors other than subject imports SCM 434
obligation to examine other factors, whether SCM 437
price undercutting SCM 433, 435–6
existence vs cause of SCM 435
methodology for determining SCM 436
significant increase in subsidized imports (SCM 15.2) SCM 429–31
threat of injury (SCM 15.8), “special care” requirement (AD 3.8/SCM 15.8) SCM 451
underlying principles (SCM 15.1) and SCM 422
determination of serious injury or threat of, definitions (SG 4.1)
see also “like or directly competitive product” (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c))
“serious injury” (SG 4.1(a))
current serious injury SG 122
“material injury” (AD 3, SCM 15.7 and GATT VI) distinguished GATT 483, SG 3, 117
quota modulation and (SG 5.2(b)) SG 234
as “significant overall impairment” / “very high standard of injury” SG 116–21, 180
“serious injury” (SG 4.1(a))/ “threat of serious injury” (SG 4.1(b))
“clearly imminent” SG 123–5, 156
“serious injury” SG 124
simultaneous determinations SG 128
“threat of serious injury” (SG 4.1(b)) SG 123–9
actual increase in imports, need for SG 126–7
data from recent past/throughout investigation period, relative importance SG 125, 157–8
determination of serious injury or threat of, evaluation of all relevant factors of objective and quantifiable nature (SG 4.2(a)) AD 914 n. 1246, SG 118–21, 140–71
all factors listed in SG 4.2(a) SG 143–6
“as a whole” SG 121
consistency of interpretation between SG 4.2(a) and SG 4.2(b) SG 142
evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4) and AD 247 n. 343, 251
factors not listed in SG 4.2(a), right/obligation to examine SG 164–5
“factors other than increased imports” (SG 4.2(b)) SG 58, 74, 77, 173–8, 176
imports from excluded sources as SG 74, 77–8
non-attribution requirement, 14.197–214, 14.331–2: see also determination of injury (AD 3), evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4)
order of analysis, relevance SG 214
factors relating to imports and domestic industry SG 141–2, 207
obligation of competent authorities to seek information additional to that supplied by interested parties/ “investigate” AD 914 n. 1246, SG 92–4, 165, 309
Ëð°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù¾±±¹¾±³Ù²â” SG 163
segmented domestic industry and SG 166–9
reasoned and adequate explanation requirement and SG 168
determination of serious injury or threat of (SG 4), requirements
see also “like or directly competitive product” (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c)); MFN treatment (GATS II), determination of violation, requirements; national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII), determination of violation, requirements; national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2, first sentence)
customs unions and free trade areas (GATT XXIV) exception and GATT 1057
“such increased quantities”
“rate and amount of the increase … in absolute and relative terms” (SG 4.2(a)) SG 25–8
trends SG 26–30, 42–5, 159–61, 170
developing countries: see also under in addition to immediately following headings balance of payments difficulties, developing countries’ right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B); developing countries (AD 15); developing countries’ economic development purposes/financial and trade needs (LIC 1.2); dispute settlement, special provisions relating to developing countries; Enabling Clause (EC), special treatment of least-developed countries (EC 2(d)); special and differential treatment for developing countries (Doha); special and differential treatment (VAL 20/VAL, Annex III); technical cooperation and capacity building (Doha); Trade, Debt and Finance Working Group (Doha); Trade and Environment Committee (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:7); trade and environment (Doha 31–3)
“anti-dumping duties” AD 862
provisional duty or security (AD 10.3) distinguished AD 862
decision not to impose anti-dumping duties AD 857
lesser duty or price undertaking AD 858, 861
whether “material” for purpose of AD 12.2 AD 846
obligations (first sentence) AD 854–5
Tokyo Round Anti-Dumping Code (Art. 13) compared AD 854 n. 1152
review
Anti-Dumping Practices Committee Recommendation (2002) AD 853
Doha Declaration AD 852
“special regard” AD 856
developing countries (AG preamble/AG 6.2) AG 4, 77
developing countries (DSU 21.2) (implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings) DSU 1007–13
“reasonable period” (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 1007–13, 1064–5, 1067–71
developing countries’ economic development purposes/financial and trade needs (LIC 1.2)
automatic import licensing, delay in application (LIC 2) LIC 17–18
invocations LIC 17
trade-restrictive or trade-distortive effects (LIC 3.2) and LIC 3, 9
developing countries (GATS IV)
electronic commerce and GATS 49
enquiry/contact points (GATS IV:2) GATS 47, 50–1
telecommunications, right to place reasonable conditions on GATS 256
developing countries (GPA V) GPA 20
actionable subsidies (SCM 27.9), nullification or impairment claims, limitation to SCM 569
de minimis subsidization threshold (SCM 27.10 and 27.11) SCM 570
exemption from SCM 3.1(a) (transitional period) (SCM 27.3)
as authorization of prohibited subsidies (GATT III:2) SCM 535
termination SCM 536
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I item (k)) and SCM 526
phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4)
applicability (Annex VII)
graduation methodology SCM 681–4
Honduras, addition SCM 680
as non-actionable subsidy (para. 10.2) SCM 342
re-inclusion SCM 685
benchmark period (SCM 27.4 footnote 55) SCM 546
burden of proof SCM 154–6, 553–4
constant or nominal values as determining factor SCM 545
export competitiveness (SCM 27.6)
exemption from export subsidies (SCM 3.1(a)) and SCM 530
request for calculation by Secretariat SCM 563
extension of transition period, Decision on Procedures (Doha) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 56, SCM 530, 555–8
adoption °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 56, 67
relative competitiveness and SCM 530
“grant” (SCM 27.4 footnote 55) SCM 174–7, 542–3
actual expenditure, limitation to SCM 547–8
“inconsistent with its development needs”, responsibility for determining SCM 550–2
inflation, relevance SCM 545
“prohibited” subsidy status (SCM 3.1(a)) and SCM 154–6, 527
SCM 25, relevance SCM 524, 530
SCM 27.2(b) and SCM 154, 527–8, 532
serious prejudice (SCM 27.8) SCM 568
subsidies, importance to economic development programmes (SCM 27.1) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 4
exclusion of developing country exporting less than de minimis levels (SG 9.1) SG 246–7
as exception to general SG rules SG 68 n. 114
expected effect of measure, relevance SG 247
list of excluded countries, need for SG 246
developing countries (SPS 4), equivalence SPS 118
developing countries (SPS 7), procedure to “Enhance Transparency of Special and Differential Treatment in Favour of developing countries” (SPS 10) SPS 364
developing countries (TRIMs 4)
extension of transition periods (TRIMs 5.3) TRIMs 32–5
General Council direction to give positive consideration to TRIMs 32
special and differential treatment, implementation issues TRIMs 41–2
TRIMs 2.1 and TRIMs 22
exclusive marketing rights (TRIPS 70.9), right to delay application (TRIPS 65.2) TRIPS 293
pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products, patent protection (TRIPS 70.8), right to delay (TRIPS 65.2) TRIPS 293
right to delay application (TRIPS 65) TRIPS 186, 288–9, 292
developing countries (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Preamble) (positive efforts to secure a share in growth of international trade) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 4–7
“commensurate with” °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 7
“positive efforts” °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 4–6
directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2)
2.286–305: see also determination of serious injury or threat of (SG 4), requirements, “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4), national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), transitional safeguards (ATC 6), serious damage or actual threat of (ATC 6.2), “domestic industry producing like and/or directly competitive products”
competition and trade law distinguished GATT 206
“d¾±°ù±ð³¦³Ù±ô²â” GATT 297, ATC 40, 45
as dynamic relationship (including possibility of latent demand) GATT 291–7, 335
GATT practice GATT 304
“like products” distinguished/as sub-category GATT 234, 252–6, 328–30
“like products” as subset GATT 303
methodology of comparison, “grouping” approach GATT 299–302
nullification or impairment, evidence of DSU 90
object and purpose GATT 290, 292–4
distribution channels GATT 299
end-uses GATT 298
interchangeability ATC 45
market situation in other countries GATT 289
nature of product GATT 298
physical properties GATT 298–9
potential to compete as determining factor GATT 234, ATC 45
tariff classifications GATT 298
Director-General (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ)
appointment as °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 171
rules and procedures °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 172
Director-General GATT 1947 as °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 284–5
holders of office °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 171
role and responsibilities
chair of Trade Negotiations Committee °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155
consultation with respect to technical cooperation and capacity building °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 111
depositary functions °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 267
as head of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 168
disclosure of confidential information (GATS IIIbis) GATS 48
discrimination: see arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, GATT XX measure as (GATT XX chapeau); arbitrary or unjustifiable distinctions resulting in discrimination or disguised restriction on international trade (SPS 5.5); Enabling Clause; MFN treatment (GATS II); MFN treatment (GATT I); MFN treatment (TRIPS 4); national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4); national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2); non-discriminatory administration of QRs (GATT XIII); SPS Agreement, basic rights and obligations (SPS 2)
dispute settlement (AIR) AIR 30–1
dispute settlement and enforcement (GATS XXIII)
Decision on Certain Dispute Settlement Procedures for GATS (1994) GATS 206
roster of panellists, decision not to appoint GATS 207
nullification and impairment (DSU 3.8) distinguished GATS 203–4, DSU 99–100
dispute settlement (GATT XXIV, Understanding 12) GATT 1041–4
dispute settlement (PSI 8) PSI 28
see also consultations (SCM 4.1–4); request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4)
special or additional rules or procedures, whether SCM 578
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), applicability SCM 578
dispute settlement (SG 14) SG 304–10
China and: see transitional safeguard measures (SG) (China) (Accession Protocol 16)
DSU 11, applicability GATT 800, SG 109, 147–53, 305–10, 313
standard of review (DSU 11)
evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel, obligation to examine and evaluate all the evidence available to it SG 147, 306
“objective assessment of the facts”
de novo review, exclusion VAL 19 n. 34, SG 147, 305, 308
reasoned and adequate explanation (SG 4.2(a)) and GATT 801, VAL 19 n. 34, SG 148–51, 307–9
dispute settlement, special provisions relating to developing countries
extension of periods established under DSU 4.7 and 8 (DSU 12.10) DSU 713–15
requirement for specific indication of form in which account has been taken of special needs (DSU 12.11) DSU 716–19
DSU, applicability (DSU 1.1) DSU 4, 1551
non-application of non-violation complaints (TRIPS 64.3)
procedure
Council for TRIPS Agreement, role °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 65
Ministerial Conference, role °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 65
non-violation and situation complaints, moratorium TRIPS 282–6, DSU 1551
dispute settlement/enforcement of specific obligations, exclusion (TRMS A(i)) TPRM 3, 5–6
dissemination of information, Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 135, GATT 185–6
documents: see °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ documents, General Council Decisions on circulation and derestriction
Cancún stocktaking °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 58
Global Trust Fund °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 188
ACP–EC Partnership Agreement °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 56, 67
Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns: see Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000)
Procedures for Extensions under Article 27.4 for certain developing country Members: see developing countries (SCM 27), phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4)
summary °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 38–9
Transitional Regime for the EC Autonomous Tariff Rate Quotas on Imports of Bananas °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 56, 67
Doha Round/Work Programme (Doha 17–52)
Decision on Measures in Favour of Least-Developed Countries (Doha) and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 311
July package (2004) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 39, 58
residual responsibility for implementation issues °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
structure as established by TNC °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
Ministerial Conference guidance/discussion, Hong Kong °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 59
negotiations, organization and management (paras. 45–52)
see also market access for non-agricultural products (Doha 16), Negotiating Group on Market Access, Negotiating Group on Rules, progressive liberalization negotiations (GATS XIX:3 and Doha 15), Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC)
see also sampling (AD 6.10)
“a major proportion of the total domestic production” (AD 4.1) AD 329–35
AD 5.4 and AD 380
“domestic producers” (AD 4.1) AD 327–8
authorities’ discretion in choosing AD 335
exclusion of producers not making themselves known before deadline AD 334
single domestic producer, applicability to AD 327
“injury” (AG 3 footnote 9) and AD 176, 325
interpretation in accordance with AD 4.1, obligation AD 337
determination of injury (SCM 15) and SCM 422
“domestic industry” (SG 4.1(c)) distinguished SCM 453
material injury to domestic industry or threat of (GATT VI:6(a)) and GATT 483
“producers” (SCM 16.1) SCM 453–4
see also conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures with °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations, obligation to ensure (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4); legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4)
burden of proof DSU 578
characterization of transactions, appropriateness as applicable law DSU 528, 1625
as determinant of date of “initiation” SCM 356
as evidence of
compliance with international obligations DSU 526–7, 532, 847
Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia DSU 526
determination as legal issue DSU 847
interpretation of legislation distinguished DSU 526–7, 529 n. 861
state practice DSU 526
as fact for purposes of international adjudication AD 602 n. 836, DSU 526–33
decisions of domestic courts, applicability DSU 529
unfinished proceedings, relevance DSU 529
legislative history, relevance DSU 530
interpretation of covered agreements, relevance to DSU 1623–8
as supplementary means (VCLT 32) DSU 1655 n. 2588, 1655 n. 2589
as justification for failure to fulfil international obligations, exclusion (VCLT 27) SCM 241, GATS 140, TRIPS 5, DSU 1516–20
accountancy services and GATS 45, 60–1
electronic commerce and GATS 58
domestic support (AG 3): see agricultural concessions and commitments (AG 3)
domestic support commitments (AG 6)
“considered to be in compliance” (AG 6.3) AG 79
Mid-Term Review Agreement (developing countries) (preamble/AG 6.2) AG 77
Dominican Republic — Import and Sale of Cigarettes (AB), WT/DS302/AB/R
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent elements
“necessary” to secure compliance, balancing of factors GATT 918
“reasonably available” alternative °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ-consistent measure GATT 930–2
balancing of factors GATT 930–1
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence DSU 933
Dominican Republic — Import and Sale of Cigarettes (Panel), WT/DS302/R
burden of proof (general rules)
defences and exceptions, GATT XV:9(a) GATT 707
exception/affirmative defence GATT 707
exchange arrangements (IMF/°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ) (GATT XV)
consultations (GATT XV:2)
dispute settlement and GATT 703
IMF findings, status GATT 705
“exchange controls or exchange restrictions” (GATT XV:9(a))
burden of proof (as exception/affirmative defence) GATT 707
criteria for determining GATT 708
IMF obligation to inform °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ of decisions relating to, measures other than exchange restrictions, applicability to GATT 712
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), “less favourable treatment”, formal equality GATT 373
preparatory work (VCLT 32), GATT II:1(b) GATT 148
publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X)
“laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings” (GATT X:1) GATT 512
“shall be published” (GATT X:1) GATT 530
uniform, impartial and reasonable administration (GATT X:3(a))
“r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð” GATT 574
“uniform”, “impartial” and “r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð” as independent elements GATT 550
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
“other duties or charges” (ODCs) (GATT II:1(b))
definition GATT 148
foreign exchange fees GATT 150, 151
import surcharges GATT 150
recording pursuant to Understanding on Article II:1(b) GATT 152
Understanding on Article II:1(b), recording of “other duties and charges” GATT 152
anti-dumping vs countailing duties/exclusion of double remedy (GATT VI:5) GATT 480–1, SCM 466, DSU 1617
notification to all interested parties of essential facts (SCM 12.8) and SCM 395
double taxation measures, justification (Illustrative List, SCM Annex I (item (e)) footnote 59)
applicable law/Member’s right to determine applicable rules SCM 605–6, 608
international tax law principles SCM 610
burden of proof SCM 613
“foreign-source income” SCM 159–60, 604, 606, 608–9
design, structure and architecture of measures, relevance SCM 607
international tax law principles and SCM 610
nexus between income and activities in foreign State, need for SCM 611–12
drafting history: see preparatory work (VCLT 32)
access to, limitation to °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Members DSU 516
appointment of officers °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 77
collegiate/collective entity DSU 1148 n. 1802
communications to DSB Chairman, procedure DSU 36
decisions
consensus requirement (DSU 2.4) DSU 33
initiation of SCM Annex V procedure, whether DSU 33
functions (DSU 2.1)
“accordingly the DSB shall have authority” (DSU 2.1) DSU 32
adoption of Panel and AB reports °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 76
authorization of suspension of concessions and other obligations under the covered agreements °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 76
establishment of panels °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 76
surveillance of implementation of rulings and recommendations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 76
GATT acquis, commitment to adhere to (DSU 3.1) DSU 40, 278
General Council as °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 76
proper parties DSU 516
Rules of Conduct: see Rules of Conduct (RoC)
rules of procedure (1995)
adoption °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 77, DSU 34
text DSU 35
Special Session for the negotiation of improvements to and clarifications of the DSU
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 78, 156
responsibility for negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
“single undertaking” principle, as exception to °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 78
statements by Members at DSB meetings, legal effect DSU 26–31
authorized statements for the record DSU 26
“mutually agreed solution” (DSU 3.6), whether DSU 27
as prohibited unilateral action (DSU 23.1) DSU 29, 1313, 1689
“taking note” of, legal effect DSU 30–1
time-periods, computation
“date of circulation” DSU 37
expiring on a weekend or holiday DSU 38
bilateral agreements DSU 419–21
EC — Korea Agreed Minutes DSU 7
EC–US Agreement (1992) DSU 420
Oilseeds Agreement (EC–Brazil) DSU 6
covered agreements (DSU 1.1/DSU 7.2) DSU 1–8
DSU (as covered agreement) DSU 4–5
international agreements other than covered agreements DSU 421
compulsory (panel proceedings) vs consensual (consultations, mediation, good offices and arbitration) DSU 1339
“contentious act” distinguished (DSU 3.10) DSU 102
expeditious arbitration as alternative means (DSU 25.1) DSU 1329, 1337, 1338–9
good faith engagement in: see good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10)
hierarchical structure DSU 835
obligation to have recourse to (DSU 23.1)
see also unilateral action by Member, prohibition (DSU 23.1)
as “exclusive jurisdiction” clause DSU 1306, 1310
prohibition of suspensions prior to completion of DSU 22 procedures DSU 1317
“recourse to, and abide by” DSU 1306, 1310–11
referral to the WCO DSU 1311
“seeking redress of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ violation” DSU 1305–9
suspension of concessions (DSU 22) as DSU 1308–9
temporary nature of suspension of concessions (DSU 22) and DSU 1319
waiver of rights, possibility of DSU 1304
“positive solution to a dispute” as aim (DSU 3.7) DSU 78, 438
table showing disputes by covered agreement DSU 1746
time-frame (DSU 12.8, 12.9, 17.5 and 20)
indicative nature DSU 710, 995
DSU 21.5 distinguished DSU 711
time-frame (DSU 20)
separate panel reports (DSU 9.2) and DSU 994
due diligence requirement: see transitional safeguards (ATC 6), serious damage or actual threat of (ATC 6.2), due diligence
due process (anti-dumping measures) (AD 6)
balance of interests considerations AD 438, 443–4, 512, 514, 583, 598, 604, 606, 639
opportunity for defence of interests (AD 6.2) AD 461
time limits and AD 438
as underlying principle AD 80, 186, 425–6
due process (application of trade measures)
see also public notice and explanation of determinations (AD 12), as due process requirement
objective criteria, need for GATT 869
due process (countervailing duty investigation) (SCM 12.7) SCM 390
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
see also margin of discretion [in accordance with due process] (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3); third party rights
amicus curiae briefs and DSU 744
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and DSU 1183, 1210
Article 21.5 proceedings DSU 1143–4
clear presentation of the problem (DSU 6.2)/ability to defend itself and: see request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations
consultations (ATC 6.10) ATC 76
disclosure obligation DSU 573
expert evidence and SPS 423–4, DSU 601, 613, 1478
good faith obligation (DSU 3.10) DSU 122, 345
late submission of evidence DSU 729
new argumentation, cut-off date DSU 327, 730
notice of appeal (ABWP 20(2)(d)) and DSU 368, 1408–9
notification of nature of case DSU 187
objective assessment obligations (DSU 11) and DSU 613, 618–21, 680
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties SCM 188, 190, DSU 327, 343, 360, 618, 623–4, 676, 679–80, 694
good faith (DSU 3.10) and DSU 122
timing of submission of evidence (DS 12) and DSU 622–8
panel reports, rationale/reasons (DSU 12.7) and DSU 703–4
panel working procedures, need for DSU 236, 346, 670–3
panel’s discretion on matters of procedure (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3) DSU 490–1
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 29, 94, 187, 194, 200 n. 269, 202, 203, 220, 236, 266, 311, 314, 320, 325, 327, 329, 344, 346, 377, 417, 449, 467, 472, 488, 508 n. 828, 665, 670, 674, 734, 749
due restraint (AG 13) (“peace clause”)
domestic support measures conforming with AG 6 (AG 13(b)) AG 133
calculation of AMS (AG 1(a)/Annex 3) AG 144
countervailing duties (AG 13 footnote 4) AG 138
“due restraint” (AG 13(b)(i)) AG 137
elements/order of analysis AG 135
“exempt from actions” (AG 13(b)(ii)) AG 139
“grant” (AG 13(b)(ii)) AG 140
“injury or threat of” (AG 13(b)(i)) AG 136
“measures … not grant[ing] support to a specific commodity” (AG 13(b)(ii)) AG 141–3
“that decided during the 1992 marketing year” AG 145–7
export subsidies conforming with AG Part V (AG 13(c)) AG 149
green box measures (AG Annex 2) (AG 13(a)) AG 133
Annex 2, para. 6(b) and 6(e) distinguished AG 198
Annex 2, para. 11 and AG 199
Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) AG 150
exemption from GATT XVI and SCM Part III AG 134
measures not qualifying as (Annex 2, para. 6(b)) AG 196–7
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2) and DSU 11
structure AG 133
“dumping” / “margin of dumping” (AD 2.1)
see also determination of dumping (AD 2); determination of injury (AD 3)
as exporter-specific concepts GATT 453, AD 690–4
“for purposes of this agreement” /identity of meaning throughout AD Agreement AD 16–19, 242, 404
product specific requirement AD 17–19
sampling technique and AD 200–2
“dumping” (AD 2.1), ambiguity/alternatives AD 934–5