°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ ANALYTICAL INDEX: INDEX
Index
The following index covers the body text of this book but not the text of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements. Disputes have been indexed under the name of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Member respondent in the dispute and under the subject matter.
G
GATS Agreement see also Accountancy Sector, Disciplines on Domestic Regulation (1998); balance of payments, safeguard restrictions (GATS XII); business practices (GATS IX); developing countries (GATS IV); disclosure of confidential information (GATS IIIbis); dispute settlement and enforcement (GATS XXIII); domestic regulation (GATS VI); e-commerce (in chronological order of developments); economic integration (GATS V); emergency safeguard measures (GATS X); financial services (GATS); General Exceptions (GATS XIV) (general); General Exceptions (GATS XIV(a)), measures necessary to protect public morals or maintain public order; market access (GATS XVI); MFN treatment (GATS II); monopolies and exclusive service providers (GATS VIII); national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII); progressive liberalization (GATS XIX); progressive liberalization (GATS XIX), decisions and agreements relating to; progressive liberalization negotiations (GATS XIX:3 and Doha 15); recognition of qualifications (GATS VII); Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX); telecommunications (GATS); telecommunications, GATS Annex on Basic Telecommunications; telecommunications, GATS XVIII Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications; “trade in services” (GATS 1:2); transparency (GATS preamble/III); Working Party on GATS Rules
commercial presence (GATS 1:2(c)) GATS 22, 148
“commercial presence” (GATS XXVIII(d)) GATS 227
disclosure of confidential information (GATS IIIbis) GATS 48
Electronic Commerce Work Programme (Doha 34) and GATS 44
GATT 1994 overlap GATT 419, 427–8, TRIMs 8 n. 12, GATS 24–9
Institutional Arrangements, Marrakesh Ministerial Decision GATS 220
object and purpose (preamble)
balance of rights and obligations GATS 3
progressive liberalization, technological developments and GATS 3–5
security and predictability GATS 1–2
“sector” (GATS XXVIII(e)) GATS 228–9
“supply of a servies” (GATS XXVIII(b)) GATS 225–6
GATT 1947/°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ continuity
allocation of functions (GATT 1994 2(b)) GATT 14–15
Assets, Liabilities, Records, Staff and Functions from GATT to the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ, Agreement on (1994) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 195, 267
authentic texts (GATT 1994 2(b)), difficulties in preparation GATT 16–18
decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:1)/provisions of legal instruments in force under GATT 1947 (GATT 1994 1(b)) (GATT acquis)
1.273–83, 2.407: see also under GATT practice under individual headings
accession process (Secretariat Technical Note) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 274
decision-making by consensus (GATT IX:1) and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 273
dispute settlement, commitment to adhere to (DSU 3.1) DSU 40, 278
joint decisions, limitation to °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 276
as means of ensuring continuity °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 275
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:1 and GATT 1994 1(b) distinguished °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 282
“decisions” (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:1/GATT 1(b)(iv)), classification as
see also legal status of panel reports bilateral agreements °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 276
Enabling Clause (EC) GATT 12
GATT 1947 Council decisions °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 278
GATT Council Understanding on tax legislation (1981) SCM 99–100
panel reports GATT 169
panel reports (adopted) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 275, 279, GATT 9, 169 n. 240, 608 n. 868, SCM 100, DSU 820–1
panel reports (unadopted) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 279, GATT 608 n. 868, SCM 99–100, DSU 1148 n. 1802
panel reports (unappealed) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 281, GATT 1041, DSU 822, 892
SCM Code °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 277
GATT 1994 as distinct agreement (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ II:4) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 27
“legal instruments” (GATT 1994 1(b)) SCM 99–100
accession protocols (GATT 1994 1(b)(ii)) GATT 3, 6
decisions on GATT 1947 waivers °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 206–8, GATT 7–8
Understanding in Respect of Waivers of Obligations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 207, GATT 8
as integral part of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 20, GATT 1–13
“protocols and certifications relating to tariff concessions” (GATT 1994 1(b)(i) and 1(d)) GATT 4–5
procedural and institutional duplication, avoidance °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 261
transitional arrangements °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 261–3
GATT practice °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 263
Preparatory Committee decisions concerning °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 261
withdrawal or termination of agreements associated with GATT 1947 °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 262
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ preamble °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 3
GATT
acceptance, entry into force and registration (GATT XXVI), GATT practice GATT 1069
accession (GATT XXXIII), GATT practice GATT 1092
amendments (GATT XXX), GATT practice GATT 1089
annexes as integral part of agreement (GATT XXXIV) GATT 1093
authentic texts (GATT XXVI:3)
GATT practice GATT 1067
commitments (GATT XXXVII), GATT practice GATT 1112
contracting parties (GATT XXXII), GATT practice GATT 1091
“date of this agreement” (GATT XXVI:1) GATT 1063–6
GATT II:1(b), II:1(c) and II:6(a) (Marrakesh Protocol) and GATT 153–7
GATT V and GATT 444
GATT practice GATT 1066
provisional application GATT 1070
non-applicability (GATT XXXV), GATT practice °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 259, GATT 1094
object and purpose (GATT I:1)
expansion of trade in goods and services GATT 21
non-discrimination GATT 24–6, 50
raising standards of living GATT 20
principles and objectives (GATT XXXVI), GATT practice GATT 1110
responsibility of Member for compliance by regional and local governments and authorities (GATT XXIV:12), see also RTAs (GATT XXIV:5)
withdrawal (GATT XXXI), GATT practice GATT 1090
GATT exceptions, applicability (TRIMs 3) TRIMs 20–1
GATT Subsidies Code, limited nature of provisions SCM 702
General Council (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:2)
as DSB: see DSB
functions
budget °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 71
cooperation agreements with intergovernmental organizations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 71
cooperation agreements with non-governmental organizations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 71
financial regulations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 71
guidance of councils established under °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:5 °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 91
requests for extension of transition periods (TRIMs 5.3) and TRIMs 32–5
interpretation of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 197–202
staff regulations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 71
guidelines for the appointment of officers to °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ bodies (1995/2002) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 73
as highest-level decision-making body °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 70
membership °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 70
Ministerial Conference, authority to act of behalf of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 70
observer status (applicants for accession) SG 300
observer status (intergovernmental organizations)
ad hoc status °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 163
Observer Status for International Intergovernmental Organizations in the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Guidelines °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 164
permanent status °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 163–4
observer status (NGOs) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 167
action by General Council and sectoral councils °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 75
Ministerial Conference overview °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 75
Plurilateral Trade Agreements Committees °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 75
sectoral councils and subsidiary bodies °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 75
rules of procedure
adoption °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 72
amendment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 72
General Exceptions (GATS XIV) (general)
arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, exclusion (GATS XIV chapeau) GATS 78
determination by reference to context GATS 80
Decision on Trade in Services and the Environment GATS 77
electronic commerce and GATS 76
GATT XX jurisprudence, relevance GATS 74
order of analysis/freedom to choose issues to address GATS 79
two-step analysis (justification under paras. (a)–(d)/compliance with chapeau) GATS 75
General Exceptions (GATS XIV(a)), measures necessary to protect public morals or maintain public order
“a genuine and sufficiently serious threat … to one of the fundamental interests of society” (GATS XIV footnote 5) GATS 82, 84–5
balance between restrictive effect on international trade and “necessity” GATS 88
either/or nature of requirement GATS 81
Member’s right to determine level of desired protection GATS 83–4
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â” GATS 81, 86–90
public morals exception (GATT XX(a)) compared GATS 74, 83
“reasonably available” alternative °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ-consistent measure GATT 928–32
General Exceptions (GATT XX) (general)
applicability to GATT as a whole (chapeau) GATT 844, 860
burden of proof GATT 852–4, 888, 912
chapeau and paras. a-j distinguished GATT 852–3
SPS distinguished GATT 854
“c´Ç³Ü²Ô³Ù°ù¾±±ð²õ” GATT 860 n. 1180
evaluation of scientific evidence GATT 900–3
divergence of expert views GATT 901
SPS 2.2 requirements distinguished GATT 854
obligation to comply with domestic legislation, relevance GATT 845–7
limited and conditional nature of exceptions GATT 856
protocols of accession and GATT 951–5
two-step analysis (justification under paras. (a)-(j)/compliance with chapeau) GATT 848, 856
General Exceptions (GATT XX), preamble/chapeau
applicability of GATT XX to GATT as a whole GATT 844, 860
arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, GATT XX measure as: see arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination GATT XX measure as (GATT XX chapeau)
GATT practice GATT 878
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)) and GATT 857, DSU 1501
preparatory work (VCLT 32) GATT 856
purpose
balance between competing rights GATT 846, 856–7
prevention of abuses of exceptions GATT 855–6
General Exceptions (GATT XX(a)), measures necessary to protect public morals
accession protocol (China), applicability GATT 951–5
balance between restrictive effect on international trade and “necessity” GATT 886–7
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â”
analysis as multi-step process GATT 882–4
burden of proof GATT 881
General Exceptions (GATT XX(b)), measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health
see also SPS Agreement
balance between restrictive effect on international trade and “necessity” GATT 909
GATT III:4 (regulatory discrimination) and GATT 385
GATT practice GATT 911
justification
compliance with GATT XX chapeau, need for GATT 910
evidence of health risks, relevance GATT 385
objective criteria, need for GATT 869
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â” GATT 894–910
for achievement of legitimate objective GATT 895–9
Member’s right to determine level of desired protection GATT 903
necessity of policy goal vs necessity of measure to achieve it GATT 894
scientific data/risk assessment and GATT 900–3
“preponderant” evidence GATT 901
“reasonably available” alternative °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ-consistent measure GATT 904–6
complimentary measures distinguished GATT 908
“reasonably available” GATT 928
SPS provisions distinguished SPS 5
constituent elements GATT 888
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent elements
balance between restrictive effect on international trade and “necessity” GATT 22
burden of proof GATT 912
GATT practice GATT 933
intention to secure compliance with GATT GATT 912
“laws or regulations” GATT 922–6
international rules, exclusion GATT 922–3
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â” to secure compliance
balancing of factors GATT 914–20
burden of proof GATT 912
GATT III:4 (regulatory discrimination) and GATT 386, 912
“relating to” (GATT XX(g)) distinguished GATT 914 n. 1286
“reasonably available” alternative °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ-consistent measure GATT 914–17, 928–32
balancing of factors GATT 930–1
“to secure compliance” GATT 927
General Exceptions (GATT XX(g)), measures relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources
“exhaustible natural resources”
as evolutionary concept/intertemporal law °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 2, GATT 935, GATS 5 n. 7, DSU 1596, 1618
GATT practice GATT 936
GATT XI:2(a) distinguished GATT 635
living natural resources, whether °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 2, GATT 935
sustainable development as objective °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 2, 3
“full use of the resources of the world” distinguished °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 3
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Preamble as aid to interpretation °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 2, 3
GATT III:4 (regulatory discrimination) and GATT 384, 862–4
jurisdictional limitation, whether GATT 934
“made effective in conjunction with”, as balance between conservation and domestic production/consumption GATT 944–8
GATT practice GATT 948
“relating to” GATT 851, 894, 914, 937–43, 939
GATT practice GATT 943
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â” (GATT XX(d)) distinguished GATT 914 n. 1286, 939
“primarily aimed at” distinguished GATT 894, 921, 938–42
Geneva Ministerial Conference (Seventh)/closing summary (2009)
Doha Round/Work Programme, guidance °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 60
E-Commerce Work Programme °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 37, 60
Non-violation and Situation Complaints, Decision on °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 60
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ contribution to recovery, growth and development °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 60
Geneva Ministerial Conference (eighth) (2011) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 61
Geneva Ministerial Conference/Declaration (1998) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 54, 67
DSB: see DSB; Special Session for the negotiation of improvements to and clarifications of the DSU
“forum for negotiations” (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ III:2), recommendations relating to °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 32
Global E-Commerce Declaration (Geneva 20 May 1998) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 32, 54, 67
TPRM: see Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)
geographical indications (TRIPS Part II Section 3) (GIs)
see also trademarks (Paris Convention (PC)); wines and spirits additional protection for GIs (TRIPS 23)
burden/standard of proof TRIPS 154
generic terms, exclusion TRIPS 152
conflicts with later trademarks (TRIPS 22.3/23.2) TRIPS 158
“date of entry into force of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement” (TRIPS 24(3)) TRIPS 173
“geographical indications” (TRIPS 22.1) TRIPS 151–2
“in implementing this section” (TRIPS 24.3) TRIPS 171
“in respect of” (TRIPS 22.1) TRIPS 150
“interested parties” (TRIPS 22.2) TRIPS 4, 155–6
national treatment (TRIPS 1.3) and TRIPS 4, 155
international negotiations: exceptions (TRIPS 24), Checklist of Questions TRIPS 170
“legal means” (TRIPS 22.2), freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1 and) TRIPS 9–10
“Members” (TRIPS 22.2) TRIPS 153–4
protected rights (TRIPS 16), potential for conflict TRIPS 159
“protection of GIs that existed in that Member” (TRIPS 24.3) TRIPS 172
registration of trademark (eligibility/validity)/right to use (TRIPS 24.5)
as exception to GI protection TRIPS 174
“in this section” TRIPS 175
relationship TRIPS 174
right to object to registration of GI TRIPS 157
Germany — Sardines (GATT Panel), BISD 1S/53
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b))
nullification or impairment,
need for causality GATT 986
competitive relationship as key factor GATT 986
Global Trust Fund (Doha Development Agenda) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 188
good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10)
burden of proof and DSU 1276
complaints and counter-complaints as separate issues DSU 134–5
confidentiality and DSU 127
consultations and (DSU 4.3) DSU 105, 128, 132, 154–5
continuity of obligation throughout dispute settlement process DSU 130–2
correction of factual errors and DSU 124–5
development of arguments at earliest possible stage DSU 118–23
due process obligations and DSU 122, 345
establishment of new panel during preparation of preliminary rulings DSU 129
estoppel and DSU 110–12, 1705–7
implementation of DSB recommendation and rulings and DSU 105, 1276
interim review (DSU 15) and DSU 799
as limitation on right to bring action under DSU DSU 106–9
objective assessment obligation (DSU 11) SCM 696
prompt challenge to deficient procedures SCM 196, DSU 113–14, 126
prompt presentation of clear claim DSU 123
prompt request for clarification of information DSU 119–20, 120, 306
prompt settlement of disputes (DSU 3) and DSU 115, 123
provision of information on request (DXU 13.1) and DSU 116–17
tactics and manoeuvres to avoid, exclusion DSU 113–15
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26))
abuse of rights/abus de droit and GATT 857, TRIPS 77, DSU 1501
balance of rights and obligations as objective (TRIPS 7) TRIPS 77
burden of proof/presumption of GATT 570 n. 805, DSU 387, 393, 1502, 1506, 1507
definition DSU 1501
evidence submitted by government SCM 250
“facts available”, right of resort to (AD 6.8/Annex II) and AD 559, 574
as fundamental rule of treaty interpretation/performance GATT 989–91, DSU 113, 1501, 1501–15, 1597, GPA 31–3
GATT XX and GATT 857, DSU 1501
as general principle of international law GATT 857, AD 575, SCM 196, DSU 387, 1594, 1597
as general principle of law GATT 857, AD 575, SCM 196, DSU 1594
seriousness of claim/need for diligence in presentation DSU 279
“shall be explored” (AD 15) AD 859
good faith interpretation of treaty (VCLT 31(1)) DSU 1542–8
avoidance of legislation threatening prohibited conduct DSU 1544
as fundamental principle of GATT 989–91, DSU 113, 1501, 1501–15, 1545, GPA 31–3, 32
legitimate expectations, relevance DSU 1542
ordinary meaning of the text and DSU 1543
presumption of good faith and DSU 1546
good offices, conciliation and mediation (DSU 5)
compulsory adjudication distinguished DSU 178
encouragement to use (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Director-General’s communication of 13 July 2001) DSU 179
mediation, request for in absence of dispute DSU 180–1
government assistance to economic development (GATT XVIII)
balance of payments (GATT XII) and GATT 653, 754
BOP restrictions (GATT XII) distinguished GATT 754 n. 1029
dispute settlement (GATT XXIII), applicability to GATT 755–7
government entity: see Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), definitions State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles); responsibility for act or omission of
Government Procurement Agreement
Schedules of Concessions (GPA)
as integral part of GPA (GPA XXIV:12) GPA 54
interpretation and clarification, VCLT as applicable law GPA 54
special or additional rules and procedures (GPA XXII:2) GPA 28
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
see also Government Procurement Committee
acceptance and entry into force (GPA XXIV:1) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 268
accession (GPA XXIV:2) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 255–6, GPA 37–8
amendments (GPA XXIV:9) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 219, 221
annual review (GPA XXIV:7(a)) GPA 48
consultations and dispute settlement (GPA XXII), non-violation claims (GPA XXII:2): GPA 29–36
“central government entities” (GPA: Appendix 1) GPA 6–13
“government procurement” (GPA I:1) GPA 5
“participate” (GPA VIII(c)) GPA 22
“purchases of services” (GPA I:1) GPA 4
elimination of discrimatory measures and practices (GPA XXIV:7 (c)) GPA 53
elimination of discriminatory measures and practices (GAP XXIV:7 (c)) GPA 53
entities not included in Appendix 1 (GPA I:3) GPA 17
error as to fact or situation, effect on validity of treaty (VCLT 48(1)) GPA 32, 34–6
“further negotiations with a view to improving the Agreement” (GPA XXIV:7(b)) GPA 49–52
provisionally agreed revised Agreement (2010) GPA 50–2
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)) and GATT 989–91, GPA 31–3
notifications by parties (GPA XXIV:5) GPA 16, 18–19, 25, 40–1
rectifications and modifications (GPA XXIV:6) GPA 42–7
“control” (GPA XXIV:6(b)) GPA 47
extension to new EU Members GPA 43, 46
Israel’s offset regime GPA 44–5
procedure GPA 42
reporting obligations (GPA XXIV:7) GPA 48
reservations (GPA XXIV:4) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 297, 300
rules of origin (GPA IV), statistical reporting (GPA XIX:5) and GPA 23
scope GPA 3
service contracts, expansion to cover (preamble) GPA 1–2
exclusion of purchases of services from SCM GPA 2
special and differential treatment for developing countries (GPA V) GPA 20
Tokyo Round Agreement on Government Procurement and (GPA XXIV:3) GPA 39
transitional arrangements (GPA XXIV:3) GPA 39
updating appendices and circulation (GPA I:1) GPA 14–15
withdrawal of entity following elimination of government control/privatization GPA 47
government procurement (AIR 4), Air Committee discussion of AIR 21
Government Procurement Committee
see also Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
adoption of product classification system (GPA XIX:5) GPA 24
adoption of services classification system (GPA XIX:5) GPA 24
Circulation and Derestriction of Documents of Government Procurement Committee, Decision GPA 27
observer status (GPA XXI:1) GPA 26
reports °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 158
government procurement (GATS XIII)
“subsidy” (SCM 1) distinguished SCM 27, GATS 72
Working Party on GATS Rules and GATS 73, 214
government procurement, transparency (Doha 26), Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement (Doha), establishment (Singapore Ministerial Conference) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 53, 66
government purchases of R&D equipment, exclusion from SCM Agreement SCM 343
“green box” support: see due restraint (AG 13) (“peace clause”)
Guatemala — Cement I (AB), WT/DS60/AB/R/, DSR 1998:IX
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)
“appropriate procedure for the purpose of that appeal only” (ABWP 16(1)) DSU 1387
timetable (ABWP 26), modification in exceptional circumstances (ABWP 16(2)) DSU 1387
consultation and dispute settlement (AD 17)
GATT XXII and XXIII compared AD 888, 944
“matter”, referral to DSB (AD 17.4)
identification of measure at issue requirement (DSU 6.2), identification as anti-dumping duty, acceptance of price undertaking or provisional measure, need for AD 890, 891
“if final action has been taken” AD 889–90
“matter” AD 898, 951, DSU 370
request for establishment of panel, requirements (AD 17.5), DSU 6.2 and AD 948, DSU 356
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), whether AD 870–2, 888, SCM 197, DSU 13
DSU, applicability, covered agreements (DSU 1.1/DSU 7.2), AD Agreement DSU 2
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), recommendations of panel/DSB (DSU 19.2), effect AD 955
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), (DSU 6.2) and AD 955
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11), sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3), elements (AD 2) and AD 364 n. 489
language, parties’ submissions DSU 1387
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), identification of specific measure distinguished AD 898, 951, DSU 198, 370
lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts, precedence/ hierarchy in case of conflict AD 870–2
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, “matter” (AD 17) AD 898
relationships within and between agreements
AD 17/DSU 19.1 AD 955
AD 17/GATT XXII and XXIII AD 888, 944–5
AD 17.4/DSU 6.2 and 7 AD 898, 951, DSU 370
AD 17.5/DSU 6.2 AD 948, DSU 356
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
AD 17.5 requirements and AD 948
distinct elements reviewed AD 898, DSU 198, 370
writing AD 898
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2)
arrangements considered for classification as, AD 17 AD 870–2, 888, DSU 13
“shall prevail” in case of a difference with DSU SCM 197, DSU 9, 22 n. 25, 356
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
“matter” (DSU 7.1/AD 17.4) AD 898, DSU 370, 429
“matter referred to the DSB” (DSU 7.1), “claim” DSU 304
third party participants (AB proceedings) (ABWP 24/ABWP 27), time–limits for filing of submissions (ABWP 26) DSU 1387
Guatemala — Cement I (Panel), WT/DS60/R/, DSR 1998:IX
affirmative obligations
definition GPA 21
GPA tendering procedures (GPA VII) as GPA 21
consultation and dispute settlement (AD 17), special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), whether AD 954
evidence (dumping investigation) (AD 6), timely disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4), analysis of constituent elements AD 480
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1)
measure not identified in request for establishment of panel, applicability to AD 954
panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 955
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11)
notification to government of exporting Member (AD 5.5)
“before proceeding to initiate”, date of initiation AD 385
failure to comply, harmless error and AD 393 n. 532
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.2)
determination of sufficiency (AD 5.3), “e³æ²¹³¾¾±²Ô±ð” AD 371
evidence of dumping AD 342
evidence of injury, AD 2 and AD 343
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3), determination of sufficiency standard of review (DSU 17.6) AD 367
legal status of panel reports, reports reversed by AB DSU 824
relationships within and between agreements
AD 5.3/AD 17.6 AD 367, 367–70, 940
AD 17/DSU 19.1 AD 954
AD 17.3/DSU 1.2 DSU 13
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), arrangements considered for classification as, AD 17 AD 954, DSU 13
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)
assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), AD 5.3 (sufficiency of evidence), applicability to AD 367, 940
“facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii)), evidence before authority at time of determination, limitation to AD 916
investigating authorities’ establishment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), “proper” AD 369–70
Guatemala — Cement II (Panel), WT/DS156/R, DSR 2000:XI
Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), principles (AD 1), “initiated and conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement”, violation of other AD provisions as evidence of breach of AD 1 AD 9, 986
anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) including interrelationship with AD Agreement, dumping, constituent elements (AD 2/GATT VI:1), sufficiency of evidence for initiation of investigation (AD 5) and AD 356, 364 n. 489, 424
burden of proof (general rules)
impossible burden, proving a negative DSU 567
notification of participation of non-governmental experts in on-the-spot verification (AD, Annex 1(2)) AD 530
prima facie case requirement AD 217, 394
compliance with covered agreement obligations, obligation, breach by other Members, relevance AD 386, 509
composition of panel (DSU 8)
determination by Director-General (DSU 8.7) DSU 437, 1494
panel’s role DSU 1494
preliminary ruling on DSU 437, 1494
confidential information (AD 6.5)
“by nature confidential” / “provided on a confidential basis”, distinguishability AD 496
“good cause shown” AD 452, 496
“by nature confidential” / “provided on a confidential basis” distinction, relevance AD 496
information “by nature” confidential, applicability to AD 496
as responsibility of party submitting information AD 496
“s³ó´Ç·É²Ô” AD 505
justification for request, relevance AD 518
non-confidential summaries (AD 6.5.1), statement of reasons why information “not susceptible of summary” AD 452, 509–10
data collection period (AD 2 and AD 3) AD 222
absence of provision AD 222
length of period for AD 3.2 purposes AD 222
determination of dumping (AD 2)
country by country analysis/cumulative assessment of volume and prices (AD 3.3), “effect of the dumped imports on prices”, objective assessment AD 226
evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4)
all relevant economic factors and indices, need to examine, eventual relevance of factor, relevance AD 251
consideration of each factor, need to be “apparent” in final determination AD 262
examination of other known factors (AD 3.5), “known” to investigating authority AD 278
SG 4.2 compared AD 251
investigating authorities’ right to request information AD 36
“normal value … in the ordinary course of trade” (AD 2.1)
calculation of dumping margins (AD 2.4)
comparison of weighted average normal value with weighted average of all comparable export transactions (AD 2.4.2)
“c´Ç³¾±è²¹°ù²¹²ú±ô±ð” AD 356
objective assessment for purposes of initiation of anti-dumping investigation (AD 5.3) and AD 369–70
period of investigation (POI), extension in course of investigation (AD Annex II para. 1) AD 540
“positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1)
exclusion of “like” product as breach AD 217, 225
imports from other suppliers, relevance AD 217, 225
threat of material injury (AD 3.7), AD 5.3 and AD 363–4
determination of injury (AD 3), significant increase in dumped imports (AD 3.2), effect at regional level, sufficiency AD 227
estoppel
acquiescence distinguished DSU 1703
AD 5.5 violations and AD 391, 456
definition AD 391
evidence (dumping investigation) (AD 6)
access to information provided by another interested party AD 462
access to information provided by another interested party (AD 6.1.1/AD 6.1.2)
access to file distinguished AD 449
confidential information AD 452
AD 6.5 and 459, AD 452
accuracy of information, authorities’ obligation to satisfy themselves (AD 6.6), substantive relevance distinguished AD 521
communication of full text of application (AD 6.1.3), “as soon as an investigation has been initiated” AD 453
“facts available”, right to use (AD 6.8/Annex II), failure to cooperate (AD Annex VII para. 7), participation of non-governmental experts in on-the-spot verification as justification AD 529, 582
“notice of the information …” (AD 6.1)
“information” (AD 6.1) and “legal determinations” (AD 6.9) distinguished AD 434, 618
time–limits, relevance (AD 6.1.1.), AD 12 distinguished AD 429
notification to all interested parties of essential facts under consideration (AD 6.9) AD 460
change of legal basis, relevance AD 617, 618
“essential ´Ú²¹³¦³Ù²õ” AD 615–16
essential facts forming basis of preliminary determination, sufficiency for subsequent proceedings AD 617
“information” (AD 6.1) and “legal determinations” (AD 6.9) distinguished AD 434, 618
timely disclosure of relevant information (AD 6.4) distinguished AD 616
on-the-spot verification (AD 6.7)
“further information … to be provided” (Annex I, para. 7)
information verifiable on the spot AD 526
participation of non-governmental experts (Annex I, para. 2)
conflict of interest and AD 529, 984
non-cooperation (AD 6.8), as justification for AD 529, 582
notification of participation, burden of proof AD 530
notification of reasons for AD 531
opportunity for defence of interests (AD 6.2)
change of legal basis, obligation to inform interested parties (AD 12.2) AD 433–4, 462, 618
as due process provision AD 461
interrelationship between AD 6.2, first and second sentences AD 461
relationship with other AD 6 paragraphs AD 457–69
resort to “facts available” (AD 6.8/Annex II)
in case of verifiable information AD 556
ex post justification, relevance AD 601
extension of period of investigation and (Annex II para. 1) AD 540
time–limits, right to set (AD 6.1.1) AD 428
“ample opportunity” (chapeau) and AD 428–9
extension “upon cause shown … whenever practicable”, failure to provide information on AD 431
timely disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4) AD 480–3
accidental omission of part of information AD 482–3
“harmless error” distinguished AD 483
analysis of constituent elements AD 449
payment of fee, relevance AD 481
harmless error principle AD 390, 390–3, 456, 483, 827, DSU 1709
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1)
panel’s decision not to make suggestions DSU 970
panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 958
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
“any subsequent practice … which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation” (VCLT 31(3)(b)), ADP recommendations as evidence of AD 222 n. 309
consistency with article/agreement as a whole AD 530 n. 719
dictionaries AD 530 n. 719
same or closely related phrases in different agreements, AD 3.4/ SG 4.2 AD 251
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AD 431
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11)
“initiated” (AD footnote 1) AD 384
notification to government of exporting Member (AD 5.5)
“before proceeding to initiate”, date of initiation AD 384
“before proceeding to legislate”, national legislative provisions, relevance AD 385
breach by other party, relevance AD 386
failure to comply
harmless error and AD 390–3, 456, 827
timely objection, relevance AD 391
rejection of application (AD 5.8), applicability prior to initiation of investigation AD 397–8
simultaneous consideration of evidence of dumping and injury (AD 5.7), initiation of investigation in absence of sufficient evidence (AD 5.3) and AD 376, 394
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.2)
determination of sufficiency (AD 5.3), “injury”, threat of, AD 3.7 requirements, relevance AD 356
evidence of dumping AD 356
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3)
determination of sufficiency
determination of sufficiency as satisfaction of AD 5.2
requirements AD 348
“e³æ²¹³¾¾±²Ô±ð” AD 374
“injury”, threat of, AD 3.7 requirements, relevance AD 363–4
determination of sufficiency standard of review (DSU 17.6) AD 369–70
elements (AD 2) and AD 356, 364 n. 489
evidence of dumping, AD 2 and AD 356
interrelationship with AD 5.2 AD 356
“simple assertion, unsubstantiated by relevant evidence” (AD 5.2) AD 340, 374
judicial economy
limitation of consideration to claims essential to resolution of dispute (DSU 3.2) AD 307, 348, 647
prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose AD 620
legal status of panel reports, reports reversed by AB DSU 824
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8)
adverse impact/prejudice, relevance AD 392–3, 456, DSU 93
harmless error and AD 390, 827
presumption in case of inconsistency with covered agreement AD 390, DSU 93
order of analysis
AD-consistent measure/compliance with public notice (AD 12.2) requirements AD 838
specific/general provision AD 432
preliminary rulings on
composition of panel (DSU 8.7) DSU 437, 1494
panel composition DSU 1494
provisional measures (AD 7), judicial economy in case of overlap with previous determination relating to definitive measure AD 647
public notice of initiation of investigation (AD 12.1)
non-compliance as “harmless error” AD 827
separate report (AD 12.1.1), need for reference to AD 826
time–limits for making views known (AD 12.1.1(vi)) AD 429
timing
initiation of investigation and AD 822–3
satisfaction as to sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3), relevance AD 823
public notice of preliminary or final determination (AD 12.2)
change of legal basis, obligation to inform interested parties (AD 12.2) AD 433–4, 462, 618
compliance with other obligations, dependence on AD 838, 840
relationships within and between agreements
AD 1, 9 and 18/GATT VI/AD 3, 5, 7, 12 and Annex I, para. 2 AD 307, 411, 986
AD 1/AD 6.13 AD 640
AD 1/AD 7 AD 650
AD 1/AD 12 AD 423
AD 3/AD 18 AD 322
AD 5/AD 9 AD 418
AD 5/AD 18 AD 423
AD 5/GATT VI AD 424
AD 5.3/AD 12.1 AD 823
AD 5.3/AD 17.6 AD 367–70, 369–70
AD 6.1, AD 6.2 and AD 6.9/AD 12.2 AD 433, 462, 618
AD 6.1, AD 6.2/AD 6.9 AD 434, 460
AD 6.1/AD 12.2.1 AD 429
AD 6.2/AD generally AD 467
AD 6.2/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 457–69
AD 6.4/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 492–3
AD 6.8/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 457, 459–60, 603
AD 6.8/other paragraphs of AD 6 AD 603
AD 6.9/other paragraphs of AD 6 AD 620–1
AD 7/GATT VI AD 420
AD 9/other AD articles AD 717
AD 18.1/other Ad Articles AD 977
Rules of Conduct (RoC)
independence and impartiality (RoC I and III:2), panellists DSU 1482
material violations (RoC VIII) DSU 437, 1494
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)
assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i))
AD 5.3 (sufficiency of evidence), applicability to AD 369–70
de novo review, exclusion AD 914
“facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii)), limitation to AD 914
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Customs Union, notification as RTA GATT 78