°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ ANALYTICAL INDEX: INDEX
Index
The following index covers the body text of this book but not the text of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements. Disputes have been indexed under the name of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Member respondent in the dispute and under the subject matter.
N
national treatment, extension to permanent residents of Member (GATS xxviii(k)(ii)) GATS 230
national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1)
applicability
measures imposed at the time or point of importation (“internal measures”) (Ad Article)
GATT practice GATT 212
imposition on like domestic product requirement GATT 208–9, 407
QRs (GATT XI) distinguished GATT 406–10
STEs (GATT XVII) and GATT 211
products not subject of tariff concession under GATT II GATT 205
competition law compared GATT 206
as context for interpretation of GATT III:2–5 GATT 225–9, 328
GATT practice GATT 224, 229, SCM 207
interpretation of GATT III as a whole and
consistency of interpretation GATT 342
effectiveness principle GATT 218, 226
GATT III:1 as context GATT 226
interpretation of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement as a whole as a whole and GATT 413
“no less favourable manner” (SPS Annex C(1)(a)) SPS 575–6
publication and administration of regulations (GATT X) and GATT 590
“so as to afford protection”
2.201–4: see also national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), “so as to afford protection”, national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), “so as to afford protection”
equality of competitive conditions GATT 203, 204
GATT practice GATT 222
protection of competitive relationship GATT 220–2
GATS II and XVII distinguished GATS 34
omission from GATT III:2, first sentence, relevance GATT 237
national treatment, payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers as exception (GATT III:8(b)) GATT 389–93
expenditure of revenue by government, limitation to GATT 389
formal recipient and ultimate beneficiary, distinguishability GATT 392
GATT practice GATT 393
object and purpose GATT 389
SCM Agreement and GATT 390, 419–22
targeted aid scheme, applicability to GATT 391–2
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)
“a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” GATT 359–68
actual impact, relevance GATT 360
GATS 1:1 compared GATT 362
GATT practice GATT 368
hurricane licences GATT 378
licensing procedures GATT 359
nature of advantage, relevance GATT 361
ordinary meaning GATT 360, 362
purpose of measure, relevance GATT 359
ratio requirement (net sales value of locally-produced product/locally sold product) GATT 364
anti-dumping (GATT VI) and GATT 400–4
applicability to direct taxes [on individual] GATT 420
determination of violation, elements/test GATT 322–4
General Exceptions (GATT XX) and GATT 384–6, 862–4
general principle (GATT III:1) and GATT 225, 227, 323, 359
“in excess of those applied” (GATT III:2, first sentence), methodology of comparison, individual transactions basis GATT 310
“laws, regulations or requirements”
domestic purchase GATT 324
English, French, Spanish versions of Ad Article III compared GATT 406–7
GATT practice GATT 358
identity of measure, relevance GATT 407
“measures” (GATT XXIII:1(b)) distinguished GATT 350
non-mandatory measures GATT 351–4
private action and GATT 46 n. 45, 355
“r±ð±ç³Ü¾±°ù±ð³¾±ð²Ô³Ù²õ” GATT 356–7
discriminatory system for allocation of import licences GATT 165, 214, 398
equality of competitive conditions as test GATT 369–72
GATT XXIII:1(b) compared GATT 387
“equally overall” argument GATT 381
formal differences in treatment, relevance GATT 376–9
formal equality GATT 373
GATT practice GATT 388
grouping approach GATT 301–2, 372
market effect as test GATT 379
methodology of comparison GATT 375–82
“overall equality” GATT 382
as requirement for violation finding GATT 345–7
standard of proof GATS 131
“treatment accorded to similarly situated domestic parties”, relevance GATT 380
“like product”: see “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
“restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 406
“so as to afford protection” (GATT III:1), relevance GATT 323
TRIMs and GATT 409 n. 596, 423–6, TRIMs 6, 9–17, 19
Illustrative List GATT 423, TRIMs 3, 10–11
national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII)
“commercial presence” (GATS XXVIII(d)) and GATS 227
conditions and qualifications (GATS XVII:1) GATS 127
determination of violation, requirements
aims and effects test GATT 217, GATS 38, 132
GATT practice GATT 219
electronic commerce GATS 126
elements of claim GATS 125
foreign character of services (SG XVII footnote 10), relevance GATS 133
“like service and service supplier” (GATS XVII:1), wholesale transactions GATS 128–9
MFN treatment (GATT II) distinguished GATS 34
“treatment no less favourable” (GATS XVII:2) GATS 130–1
burden of proof GATS 131
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
see also directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2); “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
applicability, indirect taxes [taxes on products] GATT 420
“charge of any °ì¾±²Ô»å” GATT 261–4
GATT practice GATT 264
customary rules of interpretation of public international law and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 8, GATT 314
determination of violation, elements, discrimination between resellers of imported and domestic product GATT 270
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2, first sentence)
aims and effects test/policy purpose GATT 206, 213–19
GATT practice GATT 219
directly competitive or substitutable product: see directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2)
economic impact GATT 204
“like product” and “in excess of” GATT 237–9
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2, second sentence)
GATT III:2, first sentence test distinguished GATT 283
as separate elements GATT 183
“directly or indirectly” (GATT III:2, first sentence) GATT 277–81
discrimination or disguised restriction of trade resulting from inconsistency of SPS measure (SPS 5.5) distinguished SPS 240–2
first and second sentences distinguished GATT 204, 230–4, 283, 329–30, DSU 416 n. 698
general principle (GATT III:1) and GATT 206, 218, 226, 237–9
“in excess of those applied” (GATT III:2, first sentence) GATT 265–76
actual tax burden GATT 266
balancing of tax burden, exclusion GATT 267
burden of proof GATT 240
duration of tax differential, relevance GATT 272
GATT practice GATT 273
“in excess of” GATT 238
methodology of comparison
individual transactions basis GATT 266–71
timing/point of collection, relevance GATT 269
“not similarly taxed” distinguished GATT 306–7
regulatory objectives, relevance GATT 274–6
Interpretative Note Ad Article III:2, legal status/relevance GATT 236, 282, 291–2, 329 n. 476
“not similarly taxed” (Ad Article III) GATT 270, 283, 306–10
threshold/de minimis differential GATT 306–7, 313
“so as to afford protection” (GATT III:2, second sentence)
as application of general principle (GATT III:1) GATT 239
design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application GATT 250, 312, 317, 319, RO 5
GATT practice GATT 321
intention of legislators/regulators, relevance GATT 316–21, RO 5
necessity of tax, relevance GATT 319
“not similarly taxed” (Ad Article III, para. 2) distinguished GATT 311
tariff roles as evidence of GATT 315
tax differentials as evidence of protective application GATT 313
as strict standard GATT 265
applicability to intellectual property rights addressed in TRIPS (TRIPS 3.1 footnote 3) TRIPS 57–8
“each member” /delegation of responsibility (TRIPS 3.1) TRIPS 34
“interested parties” (TRIPS 22.2) and TRIPS 4
“nationals of other members” (TRIPS 1.3/3.1) TRIPS 35
“own nationals” (TRIPS 3.1), determination in accordance with international law TRIPS 52–3
as reflection of pre-existing conventions and GATT 1994 TRIPS 2
“treatment no less favourable” (TRIPS 3.1) TRIPS 36–51
difference of treatment between EU and non-EU members TRIPS 44–51, 54
“enjoy the advantages” (PC 2(1)) distinguished TRIPS 20–1
GATT III:4 compared GATT 416–17, TRIPS 39, 50, 61–4
GATT practice TRIPS 61
applicability to all trademark owners requirement TRIPS 40–1
discretionary administrative procedure as TRIPS 42–3
TRIPS 20 (special requirements) and TRIPS 57, 147
“nationals”, determination in accordance with international law TRIPS 15, 52–3
“natural person of another Member” (GATS XXVIII(k)(ii)) GATS 230
Negotiating Group on Basic Communications, establishment GATS 216
Negotiating Group on Basic Telecommunications, establishment GATS 170, 216
Negotiating Group on Maritime Services, establishment GATS 216
Negotiating Group on Market Access: see market access for nonagricultural products (Doha 16), Negotiating Group on Market Access
Negotiating Group on Natural Persons, establishment GATS 216
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155, 156
responsibilities °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
RTAs (GATT XXIV:5) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 150
negotiations concerning multilateral trade relations, °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ as forum for (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ III:2): see “forum for negotiations” (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ III:2)
“New Strategy for °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Technical Cooperation for Capacity Building, Growth and Integration”, endorsement (Doha) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 111
Enabling Clause notifications
GSP schemes GATT 63
special treatment of least-developed countries GATT 79
see also Food Aid Convention (1999); Inter-Agency Panel on Short-Term Difficulties in Financing Normal Levels of Commercial Import of Basic Foodstuffs; international food aid (AG 10.4)
Agriculture Committee and AG 118, 120
consultation opportunities (AG 16.2) AG 165
differential treatment within agreement on agricultural export credits AG 218
Doha recommendations AG 155–8, 215
effectiveness, recommendations for improvement AG 166–8
Inter-Agency Panel: see Inter-Agency Panel on Short-Term Difficulties in Financing Normal Levels of Commercial Import of Basic Foodstuffs
list of net food-importing countries AG 159–60
countries included as at 30 September 2011 AG 161
criteria AG 160
effect of inclusion AG 160
report on implementation (15 October 2010) AG 213
Singapore Ministerial Conference recommendations AG 154
Special Session of Agriculture Committee
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
responsibility for negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
NGOs (non-governmental organizations)
General Council relations with (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ V:2) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 166
observer status °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 167
non-actionable subsidies (SCM 8)
arbitration procedures (SCM 8.5) SCM 347
assistance for research activities (SCM 8.2(a)), government purchases of R&D services and SCM 343
Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) and SCM 342
notifications (SCM 8.3)
Format for Notification Updates (997) SCM 346
Format for Notifications (1995) SCM 345
legal requirements (SCM 8.2) and SCM 344
Format for Updates of Notifications (1997) SCM 346
non-discriminatory administration of QRs (GATT XIII)
see also quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
adjustment of quota allocation (GATT XIII:4), new Member rights and GATT 676
administrative distinctions, relevance GATT 655, 658–9
allocation of quotas (GATT XIII:2(d))
GATT I:1 (“advantage”) and GATT 35
GATT XIII:1/GATT XIII:2 chapeau and GATT 672
GATT practice GATT 675
inclusion of non-Member imports GATT 666, 674
“may seek agreement” GATT 670–1
to Members not having a substantial interest GATT 660, 666 n. 937, 672–3
“representative period” GATT 672 n. 945
compensation negotiations (GATT XVIII) and GATT 687, 1074
concessions on agricultural products and (AG 4.1 and 21.1) GATT 656, 689, AG 1, 190
distribution of trade as close as possible to expected shares in absence of restrictions (GATT XIII:2 chapeau) GATT 662–7
as general rule (Ad Article XIII:2) GATT 662–4
historical trade patterns, relevance GATT 663–4
inclusion of non-Member imports in calculation of tariff quota shares GATT 666
elimination of QRs (GATT XI) and GATT 399
exceptions (GATT XIV)
GATT practice GATT 693
IMF/°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ cooperation agreement and GATT 692
State trading organizations and: see State trading enterprises (STEs) (GATT XVII), “quantitative restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII)
finding as factual matter DSU 842
GATT practice GATT 661, 675, 688
import licensing schemes (GATT XIII:2(b)) GATT 669
“importation … is similarly restricted” (GATT XIII:1) GATT 658–60
inclusion of inconsistent allocations in Schedule of Concessions, relevance GATT 169
market access (AG 4.1) and: see market access, concessions and commitments (AG 4.1), consistency with GATT XIII
object and purpose (GATT XIII:2) GATT 655, 659, 672
publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X:3(a)) GATT 562–79
“reasonable” (risk of disclosure of confidential information) GATT 573
“quotas representing the total amount … shall be fixed” (GATT XIII:2(a)) GATT 668
safeguard measures (SG 5) and: see safeguard measures, application (SG 5), non-discrimination (GATT XIII) and
tariff quotas
applicability of
GATT XIII:2(a) GATT 668
tariff measures distinguished GATT 690 n. 968
Accession Protocol (China) and GATT 459, AD 166
Accession Working Party (Vietnam) GATT 458, AD 715
collection of mandatory duties (AD 9.2) AD 660
disclosure (AD 6.10) and AD 477, 624
Note 2 Ad Article VI:1 and GATT 455–9, 458, AD 155–6, 166–7, 715
sampling (AD 6.10) and AD 624
separate legal entities, treatment of AD 627–31
non-retroactivity of treaties (VCLT 28)
2.451, 17.1521–8: see also retroactivity, retroactivity (provisional measures and anti-dumping duties) (AD 10), retroactivity (trade measures) (ATC 6.10)
in absence of different intention DSU 1522–4
“any relevant rules of international law …” (VCLT 31(3)(c)) and DSU 1601
continuing measures SCM 256, DSU 1523–4, 1526–8
as general principle of international law DSU 59, 1521, 1526, 1601
pre-existing rights
anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) GATT 451
countervailing duties (SCM 32.3) GATT 451, SCM 590–1
non-tariff measures: see quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b))
“any ³¾±ð²¹²õ³Ü°ù±ð” GATT 959
government measures, limitation to GATT 972
measure currently in force, limitation to GATT 973
non-binding action GATT 971
non-commercial measure GATT 964
“benefit” /legitimate expectation of improved market access as GATT 978–84, DSU 1551
customary international law and GATT 991, GPA 30
MFN treatment as alternative GATT 974 n. 1381
non-commercial measure and GATT 964
reasonable anticipation and GATT 978–83, 986, 988
resulting from negotiations GATT 974–7, GPA 30–1
burden of proof GATT 967–70, DSU 1349–51
constituent elements GATT 965–6
as exceptional remedy GATT 960–1, DSU 1349
GATT XXIII:1(a) distinguished GATT 959
GATT practice GATT 995
GPA claims distinguished GATT 989–91, GPA 30
“³¾±ð²¹²õ³Ü°ù±ð”
affecting the competitive relationship, GATT III:4 compared GATT 374
government action, limitation to DSU 247–52
“law, regulations or requirements” (GATT III:4) compared GATT 350
nullification or impairment, need for GATT 986–91
competitive relationship as key factor GATT 986
government assistance to economic development (GATT XVIII) and GATT 755–7
measures in force, limitation to GATT 973
object and purpose GATT 962
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) (DSU 26.1) DSU 1347–54
burden of proof/ “detailed justification” (DSU 26.1(a)) DSU 1349–51
remedies (DSU 26.1(b)) DSU 1352–4
table of complaints DSU 1348
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(c)) (DSU 26.2), GATT practice distinguished GATT 992, DSU 1355
non-violation claims (GPA XXII:2) GPA 29–36
burden of proof GPA 33
Enabling Clause notifications
GSP schemes GATT 63
special treatment of least-developed countries GATT 79
Norway — Trondheim Toll Ring (GATT Panel), GPR.DS2/R, BISD 40S/319, affirmative obligations, GPA tendering procedures (GPA VII) as GPA 21
notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)(d))
amendment (WBWP 23 bis)/clarification DSU 1421–3, 1439–41
AB explanations (April and October 2004) DSU 1439–40
authorization of requested amendment DSU 1441
continuing relevance of rule DSU 1410
demonstration of need for DSU 1439, 1474
amendments to ABWP 20(2)(d) (2005/2010)
amendment to notice of appeal (WBWP 23 bis)
continuing relevance DSU 1410
introduction DSU 1422
due process and DSU 1409
justification for retaining requirement for a notice of appeal DSU 1409, 1410
timing changes DSU 1410
claims and arguments distinguished
17.1411–14, 17.1429 n. 2228: see also legal basis of claim/ “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), arguments distinguished
DSU 6.2 compared DSU 1412
clear allegation of panel’s failure to make objective assessment (DSU 11) DSU 1428–30
due process and DSU 368, 1408–9
amendment (2005) and DSU 1409
failure to meet
consequences DSU 1415–18, 1426
omission of claim of error relating to jurisdiction as special case DSU 1419–20
formal deficiencies/absence of prejudice DSU 1424
preliminary ruling on DSU 1421, 1423
notification of challenge to the jurisdiction DSU 368, 1415
statement of allegation of error on issues of law/legal interpretations (ABWP 20(2)(d)) DSU 1423
“for example”, sufficiency DSU 1426
generic statement, sufficiency DSU 1414, 1427
identification of facts requiring panel to draw inferences DSU 1411
indication of appropriate factual or legal inferences DSU 1411
legal argument in support of claim distinguished DSU 1411
paragraph numbers/extracts from panel report, sufficiency DSU 1423, 1425
statement of grounds (ABWP 21:2) DSU 1432–4
as trigger for appeal process (ABWP 20(1)) DSU 1408
notification and consultation (SG 12) SG 257–98
“adequate opportunity for prior consultations” (SG 12.3) SG 285–8
level of concessions (SG 8.1) and SG 239–40
as “sufficient time for meaningful exchange” SG 240
“all pertinent information” (SG 12.2) SG 280–2
injury factors (SG 4.2(a)) and SG 280–2, 290
precise description of proposed measure sufficient for prior consultation under SG 12.3 SG 287, 289–90
content of SG 1(a) notification SG 276, 278–9
elimination of pre-existing GATT measures (SG 10/SG 12.7) SG 249–50, 296–7
calculation of deadline (SG 12.7) (“date of this agreement” (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:2)) SG 254, 296
signatories entitled to become original Members of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ and SG 297
formats SG 257–9, 276–9, 292, 293, 297
non-binding nature SG 279
termination of measure SG 277
“i³¾³¾±ð»å¾±²¹³Ù±ð±ô²â”
translation delays SG 261, 264
“initiation of investigation and reasons for it” (SG 12.1(a)), limitation to SG 278–9
AD 5 and SCM 11 distinguished SG 279
SG 3.1 and 4.2 distinguished SG 279
laws, regulations and administrative procedures (SG 12.6)
accession protocols and SG 298
compliance record SG 295
format SG 293
notifications SG 303
review procedures SG 294
modifications reducing restrictiveness of measure (SG 7.4),
notifications, availability SG 260
object and purpose SG 281
right to request additional information (SG 13.1(f)), relevance SG 282, 289
Technical Cooperation Handbook on Notification Requirements, relevance SG 257
timeliness (SG 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3) SG 283
notification of enquiry/contact points
GATS III:4/GATS IV:2 GATS 47, 50
TRIPS 69 TRIPS 306
notification of implementing laws and regulations (PSI 5) PSI 22
notification obligations (LIC 1.4 and 5) LIC 14
duplication or overlapping of notifications LIC 37
reversal of notifications (LIC 5.5) LIC 39
notifications as at 30 September 2011 LIC 38
procedures, agreement on (1995) LIC 16, 52
reverse/counter notifications (LIC 5.5) AG 139
notification obligations and procedures
GPA Agreement GPA 16, 18–19, 25, 40
SPS Agreement, see also transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B)
Technical Cooperation Handbook on Notification Requirements, relevance SG 257
notification obligations and procedures (TRIMs 2.1), notification formats (TRIMs 5.5) TRIMs 36
notification obligations and procedures (TRIPS)
enquiry/contact points (TRIPS 69) TRIPS 306
laws and regulations, final judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application (TRIPS 63.2) TRIPS 59, 73, 279–80
notification formats TRIPS 59, 73
Notification Obligations and Procedures Working Group °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 92
notification obligations (SCM 25)
13.514–24: see also non-actionable subsidies (SCM 8), notifications (SCM 8.3)
effect of notification (SCM 25.7) SCM 517
frequency of submission and review SCM 515
nil notifications (SCM 25.11 and 25.12) SCM 523
“nil” notifications SCM 524
notification formats SCM 345, 514, 571, 573
“report … all preliminary or final actions” (SCM 25.11)
minimum information SCM 519–20
transparency and SCM 518
written procedure SCM 516
notification procedures (TBT 2.9)
comments on notified regulations
procedures for handling TBT 94–5
documentation
processing of requests for TBT 91
streamlining of follow-up notifications, amendments etc. TBT 98–9
translation (TBT 10.5) TBT 90, 124
electronic availability of notified draft regulation TBT 96
electronic transmission TBT 87
labelling requirements TBT 88
listing of notifications TBT 97
notification of agreement on technical regulations, standards or conformity assessment procedures which may have a significant effect on trade (TBT 2.10) TBT 125–6
notification format and guidelines TBT 86–7
notification of proposed regulations (TBT 2.9.2)
French and Spanish texts compared TBT 101
as inherent obligation TBT 101
provision on request of copy of proposed regulation (TBT 2.9.3) distinguished TBT 101
provision on request of proposed regulation, timing (TBT 2.9.3) TBT 102
publication requirement TBT 84–5
“significant effect on trade of other members” (TBT 2.9 and 5.6) TBT 83, 100
TBT Committee recommendations and decisions relating to TBT 81–99
“urgent problems … arise or threaten to arise” (TBT 22.10) and TBT 103
notification requirements (AG 18.2) AG 173–8
notification formats AG 173
report on Members’ compliance with notification obligations AG 174
notification requirements (ATC 2) ATC 5–7
mandatory 60 day period (ATC 2.1) ATC 8
notification requirements (ATC 3) ATC 6
notification requirements (ATC 6), provisional application of restraint measures authorized under ATC 10 (ATC 11) and ATC 81
notification requirements (STEs) (GATT XVII:4/Understanding on the Interpretation of GATT XVII) GATT 736–43
frequency GATT 742
GATT practice GATT 738
time limits GATT 736
notification of rules of origin, judicial decisions and administrative rulings (RO 5)
in language other than °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ working language RO 21
notifications as of 31 December 2010 RO 23
procedure for dealing with queries in respect of national legislation RO 22
notification and transitional arrangements (TRIMs 5)
elimination of TRIMs notified under TRIMs 5.1 (TRIMS 5.2)
developed and developing countries TRIMs 30
LDCs TRIMs 31
format TRIMs 25
notification of LDC temporary measures (Hong Kong) TRIMs 28–9
notifications by original Members (TRIMs 5.1) TRIMs 26
notifications under TRIMs 5.1 TRIMs 27
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8)
adverse impact/prejudice, relevance AD 392–3, 456, DSU 90–8
direct or indirect benefits (DSU 3.3) DSU 1223
GATS XXIII (dispute settlement and enforcement), distinguished GATS 203–4, DSU 99–100
inconsistency with covered agreement as prima facie evidence of, rebuttal SCM 225
legal interest requirement (DSU 3.7) distinguished DSU 87
lost opportunities, relevance DSU 1223
nature and purpose of countermeasures (DSU 22) DSU 1177–82
presumption in case of inconsistency with covered agreement AD 390, DSU 90–8, 1223, 1225
adverse effects (SCM 5) distinguished SCM 261, DSU 95
evidence of level of nullification or impairment distinguished DSU 98, 1231
SCM 3 and 4 (prohibited subsidies) distinguished SCM 225, DSU 1281–3
SCM 5 (adverse effects) SCM 225, 234–5
SCM 7.9 and 10 (commensurate with degree and nature of adverse effects) distinguished SCM 235
nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4): see suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22), level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4)
nullification or impairment (GATT XXIII): see non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), nullification or impairment, need for