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Audley Senior Associate and Director Project on Trade, Environment and Development Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 01-202-939-2290  HYPERLINK mailto:jaudley@ceip.org jaudley@ceip.org *** Hello, my name is John Audley and I am a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and director of its Trade, Environment, and Development Project. I want to begin by thanking the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Secretariat for organizing this event, and especially the Office of External Affairs. I also want to thank АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ members for endorsing the contents of these workshops, as I know that many of the subjects discussed today represent some of the most controversial that you must address. Imagine a relationship between civil society and the World Trade Organization where non-governmental organizations are regarded as valuable consultants to the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ's work agenda. NGOs would be invited to observe and sometimes participate in its regular meetings. The General Council and committee chairs would consider their proposals, and sometimes would invite NGOs to directly address the members. NGOs would be able to observe dispute proceedings, offer technical information and policy interpretations on matters relevant to the dispute panel, and be guaranteed full access to documentation. They would be formed into an advisory committee and its documents would be circulated in full to the members. Any differences of opinion between the Director-General and the NGOs would be resolved by the General Council. With only slight modification to bring this vision up to date with the current АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ, such a relationship was envisioned by the International Trade Organization. The people responsible for creating the first vision of a global trading system genuinely believed that the ITO would need NGO expertise and experience to develop and implement a trading agenda that would earn the public's trust. Determining the best way to achieving this objective is the subject of our discussion this morning. Since its creation, the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ has been in the public spotlight for its increasing influence over national and subnational policy making. Controversial dispute settlement decisions have raised concerns among NGOs that the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ is not accountable to the public. The АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ has responded to this criticism by adopting a number of significant policy changes designed to improve transparency and public accountability. Under the authority of Article V:2 of the Marrakesh Agreement, in 1996 the General Council adopted a set of guidelines clarifying the framework within which NGOs could work with the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ. These guidelines acknowledge the importance of NGOs in the public debate and pledge to increase transparency and communication through speedier document derestriction and increased Secretariat interaction through the hosting of symposia and the dissemination of NGO findings to members. This decision has led to a new level of interaction between NGOs and the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ, as reflected in regular briefings, expanded use of the Internet to communicate information, regular attendance at АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Ministerials, symposia such as the one today, and occasional NGO presentations to interested members. For example, NGOs played an important role in the lead-up to the Doha Ministerial, providing support to countries seeking clarifications regarding the relationship between the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights and a country's right to protect public health. More informally, NGOs now provide some members with valuable technical information on subjects under discussion at the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ, and have developed the practice of submitting their views on matters before dispute settlement panels. Taken together, the formal and informal changes in NGO relations point the way toward a future where there is greater, more predictable, and more beneficial interaction between the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ and civil society. Given the task undertaken by the ministers at Doha, developing an effective relationship is more important now than ever before. More generally, in addition to providing assistance to member nations, we have learned that public participation in multilateral institutions enhances the legitimacy and facilitates public acceptance of their work. It improves decision-making by increasing the information and perspectives that are available to decision-makers, and provides accountability through public scrutiny. While there are wide variations in the relationship between civil society and international organizations, principles of public participation found in such important works as the Rio Declaration and the Aarhus Convention identify three major components of IO/civil society relations: access to information; access to decision-making; and access to justice. Within each of these components we can find a host of more specific areas for discussion, including document dissemination, information sharing, accreditation, observer status and classification, meeting attendance, and overall participation level. Today's workshop is designed to explore these and other components of the relationship between civil society and international organizations, and to discuss the lessons learned and their applicability to the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ. Our speakers today are Janine Ferretti, Executive Director, North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation John Garrison, Communications Officer, World Bank Amadou Kanoute, Director, Regional Office for Africa, Conservation International Aimee Gonzales, Senior Trade Policy Analyst, World Wide Fund for Nature Janine and John will discuss their organizations relations with civil society. Amadou and Aimee will then comment on their presentations, focusing particularly on the applicability of their experiences to the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ. After discussion among the panel members, we will open the floor for discussion with the audience. Before I close I'd like to offer two final thoughts. First, by no means should this workshop's emphasis solely on external transparency be confused with a lack of interest in internal reform of the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ. I fully support reforms on both levels, and note that a similar workshop on implementation is currently underway. Second, while I hope that the NGOs in attendance find this discussion relevant to their own work, I am in particular interested to hear the thoughts of representatives from the permanent missions here in Geneva, especially from those who do not agree that greater participation by NGOs would be useful. Only through discussion of this important subject can we find a way to balance the unique nature of the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ with the increasing demands for greater accountability.  The Charter of the International Trade Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, November 1947 to March 1948. Article 87, paragraph 2. The ideas contained in this paragraph were amended to reflect the present АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ structure and dispute settlement system.  WT/L/162.  Among others, see Gabrielle Marceau and Peter N. Pedersen, "Is the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Open and Transparent? A Discussion of the Relationship of the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ with Non-Governmental Organizations and Civil Society's Claims for more Transparency and Public Participation," Journal of World Trade. 1999. Volume 33, Number 1, pages 5-49; Steve Charnovitz, "Two Centuries of Participation: NGOs and International Governance," Michigan Journal of International Law. 1997. Volume 183, Number 200. hiЮЯлbЅІЩЪЫлмєѕЫ Ь ’“‰ŠЈНПиояVWXp q | } w!! "4"T"U"§љ§ѓ№§№§№щ№пщкщ№ззЮзЮзЮзЪзЪзЪзШСССШШШ j0JU66CJj0JCJUCJ0JCJjCJU jCJUCJ 56CJ 6CJ CJ +hiЉКЮЯлмы 7b€•ЅноДЕєѕ+ ,  ќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќњњњњњњњњ$hiЉКЮЯлмы 7b€•ЅноДЕєѕ+ ,   ПР  ыьУФл8kМBCWS"T"U"ќќќќњњ 2  ПР  ыьУФл8kМBCWp | S"T"U"§§§§§§§§§§ёёёёэ§§§ыыы§§„а & F„а ЦhаАа/ Ар=!А"А# $ %АЧDаЩъyљКЮŒ‚ЊKЉ jaudley@ceip.orgрЩъyљКЮŒ‚ЊKЉ 0mailto:jaudley@ceip.org [$@ёџ$NormalmH <A@ђџЁ<Default Paragraph Font(U@Ђё( Hyperlink>*B*.@. 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