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Ёіe=G#"d#"#"<#"#"F#"Њ,аѓŸЈ WHY THE DDA MATTERS Ё&  ŸЈs   DDA sets out bold agenda, putting development at centre of multilateral trade negotiations.   First step toward creating a fairer set of rules to govern international trade.   Includes commitments to:   Reduce agricultural trade barriers Improve non-agricultural market access Make S&DT provisions more effective Improve rules on TRIPS/ public health and anti-dumpingЁ~\Z(QZ2ZЅP#"[#"#"P#"#"#"#""! &! #! 7!ѓŸЈ WHY THE DDA MATTERS Ё&  Ÿ r  World Bank estimates eliminating all barriers to trade in goods would generate extra US$ 250bn  620bn in global income. Up to half to developing countries. This could lift 300 million out of poverty by 2015.   But trade and trade liberalisation alone not enough. Need pro-poor policies, investment in health and education, greater access by poor to productive assets, stronger institutions, infrastructure and CB to develop supply side. ЁЈZвZZфZ#"б#"#"т#"ѓŸЈ WHY THE DDA MATTERS Ё&  ŸЈ3  Boost to multilateralism and global economy. Annual growth in world trade barely 2% in 2002 (compared to 7% annual average in 1990s).    Risks of failure : weakening of multilateral rules based system and proliferation of bilateral and regional agreements that could leave poorer countries more exposed. Ё ‡Ј#"†#"#"І#"ѓŸЈ% KEY ISSUES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Ё8&P# ## " Ÿ в AGRICULTURE   Agricultural Market Access is the single biggest development issue in the DDA.   Agriculture accounts for about 27% of GDP and export earnings in developing countries as a whole and 50% of employment.   Agricultural markets are among the most heavily protected: For OECD countries the average bound tariff is 60% (12 times the rate for industrial products).   OECD spend $310bn every year on agricultural support  roughly same as sub-Saharan Africa s GDP. Subsidies to farmers (US$106bn EU, $95bn US and $59bn Japan in 2001) create unfair competition for poorer producers in domestic and third markets.   Special Safeguard Mechanism important and  special products subject to minimal tariff reductions to protect food security.Ёк ZOZ2xZ2œZ2єZ2|Z #"N#"#"w#"#"›#"#"ѓ#"#"|#ѓŸЈ% KEY ISSUES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Ё8&P# ## " ŸЈ+TRIPS/Public Health   Agreement at Doha on need to ensure flexibility in implementing TRIPs, so countries without manufacturing capacity can use compulsory licensing to get access to affordable drugs.   Critical to meet health needs of millions suffering from diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB.  Ёќ(Г<^#"В#"#"]#"#"ѓ ŸЈ% KEY ISSUES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Ё8&P# ## " ŸЈ…Special & Differential Treatment   Making S&DT provisions more effective, including through longer periods to implement АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ rules, lower tariff reductions (critical where government budgets heavily dependent on tariff income). NAMA   Increased market access for textiles, clothing and footwear. Estimated there are 27 million less jobs in developing countries because of quotas & tariffs.Ё!ZРZZZ›Z #"Р###"#"›#ѓ ŸЈ% KEY ISSUES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Ё*&P$# " ŸЈŸServices Significant interest in Mode 4 (temporary movement of workers).   Estimated that an increase in developed country quotas for skilled and unskilled temporary labour equivalent to just 3% of their labour forces would create increase in global economic welfare 1.5 times greater than gains from liberalisation of all remaining trade restrictions.   Trade Related Capacity Building   Delivery on commitments. Ёt Z@ZZ2!ZZZ?#"#"#"#"  #  "  #  " ѓ ŸЈ PROGRESS SO FAR Ё(# " ŸЈzLeast progress on the issues that matter most to developing countries:   Agriculture: Missed deadlines on modalities for new Agriculture agreement. Awaiting EU CAP reform.   TRIPS/public health: Every member except US able to sign up in December to compromise text. No agreement yet.   S&DT: Need agreement on substantial package of measures.   NAMA: another missed deadline. ЁюGZdZnZ:ZZZF#"#" ##W#"#"#Y#"#"2#"##"  ѓ  ŸЈ OBSTACLESЁ  ŸЈ<Political will to take on powerful domestic interest groups in OECD (agricultural reform; TRIPS/public health; and in developing countries that stand to gain from increased South-South trade too.   More АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ members; more significant players with divergent interests (e.g. Cairns Group versus those defending ACP preferences).   Polarised positions on extent of liberalisation (agriculture and NAMA).   Lack of progress on key issues (e.g. reduction of trade distorting OECD agricultural subsidies) slowing down progress on other issues (NAMA, Services, Singapore issues).ЁvФZZ HZ ЊZ<#ѓ  ŸЈ OBSTACLES Ё* C C(ŸЈ?  Breadth of the round and ambitious timetable.   Serious capacity constraints especially of poorer countries to participate meaningfully in the negotiations. Lack of analysis and input from capitals (e.g. on Service sectors).   Political events (e.g. US 2004 elections) could complicate achievement of DDA deadline.   Ё~Z.ZZБZZXZZ?cCѓ Ÿ L WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN  BEFORE CANCUN Ё*'P%# " ŸЈКCancun less than 100 days away.   Political leadership: difficult decisions to give new momentum to the DDA.   EU member states need to reach agreement on CAP reform (Fischler proposals on decoupling agricultural support from production).   Secure US support for TRIPS/public health December 16 text. Possibly with reassurances to pharmaceutical industry on recourse to DSU in clear cases of abuse; and by developing country manufacturers.  ЁЄ xLZ€ZЧZ<#"#"#7#"#"####H#"#"#"##"#"ЊЈ ѓ Ÿ L WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN  BEFORE CANCUN Ё*'P%# " Ÿ  S&DT: Willingness of advanced developing countries to prioritise needs of poorest WTO members. Progress reached on substantial package of measures.   World leaders and opinion leaders need to champion the DDA.   Engagement with business and civil society.   More vocal NGO support on issues of most importance to developing countries. Ministers won t take tough political decisions if only hear critical voices.   Mini-ministerial/s help move negotiations forward.ЁЎ”Z<Z,ZšZ3Z##Ы#ѓ ŸЈ SUCCESS AT CANCUN Ёc Ÿ јMembers to recommit to ambition of DDA.   Shared ownership to make it work.   Realistic expectations  important step.   Learn from what worked at Doha and didn t at Seattle.   EU/US leadership that made difference at Doha. Greater convergence on key issues.   Preparation for Cancun  so ministers have a manageable set of issues.   Reach some agreements to create new momentum. Ё(Z("Z()Z(6Z(RZ(GZ(.ZZ'#"#"!#"#"(#"#"5#"#"Q#"#"F#"#"-#"ѓŸЈ: WORKING FOR A SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT ROUND BEYOND CANCUN Ё,;P9# # ŸЈЌChairs of negotiations put forward proposals to seed process and build consensus.   Address concerns of potential losers from loss of preferential market access (ACP); research extent of problem; IFIs, multilateral and bilateral donors give support to ease transition/diversification.   Analytical and technical assistance to developing countries e.g. on Services negotiations; commitments in individual agricultural schedules. ЁRZ<ЩZ<ZZ####"#"$#Є#"#"##i#"ЊФхѓŸЈ9 WORKING FOR A SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT ROUND BEYOND CANCUNЁ,:P9# # Ÿ 2Design of proposed framework agreements on  new issues to address needs of developing countries (cost/benefit e.g. on trade facilitation).   New approach to S&DT more tailored to helping individual countries at different stages of development adjust to specific rules and agreements.   Coordinated approach to Technical Assistance and Trade-related capacity building by donors through Integrated Framework.  Ё*ŒZ<Z<yZ(#M#+#"#"#z#"#"c##"#"ѓŸЈ8WORKING FOR A SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT ROUND BEYOND CANCUNЁ9P9# ŸЈФAddress disconnect between Geneva-based trade negotiations and national economic development policies (PRSPs etc). Integration of trade and development needed to identify new opportunities, careful sequencing of reforms. Complementary pro-poor policies so trade contributes to Millennium Development Goals.   Democracies need to ratify agreements reached. 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