ࡱ> ?A>g SbjbjVV 8r<r<S^^  = !! !<<<<<<<$>崡< !!!!!< <"""!: <"!<""9X,< 0ǪuG7"F:l<<0=:8A}"A0,<A ,<@!!"!!!!!<<"!!!=!!!!A!!!!!!!!!^ ~: Third Global Review of Aid for Trade - Day 2 Summary of Discussions Session 9: Aid for Trade: Taking Monitoring and Evaluation Forward The session looked at monitoring and evaluation, identified its limitations, emphasized its importance and considered ways of improving it within the AfT framework. The discussion followed from the conclusions in some of the case stories about the positive correlation between AfT flows and exports and/or reductions in trading costs. While these results are encouraging, the question going forward is: Are these results reliable? And how can these studies be used to help make informed policy decisions? Some challenges were identified for such studies: first, the choice of methodology and the need to support these results with tangible proof; second, availability and reliability of data; and third, the attribution gap that emerges from the impossibility of measuring all the variables contributing to trade outcomes. The analysis of the 275 case stories led to the observation that relatively few programmes contain a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework and, even for those that mention some form of M&E, there seem to be great difficulties in identifying results on trade capacity building. Yet, the M&E exercise is important to assess the effectiveness of AfT interventions and to identify good practices and areas for improvement. Collective efforts should be made to identify and qualify objectives and turn them into measureable indicators of aid effectiveness. It was also noted, however, that showing impacts and showcasing results might not be sufficient to make informed policy decisions and influence policy-making processes. And it was suggested that the M&E process will lead to real action only if accompanied by a learning process that is able to guide future interventions and policies. A warning note was sounded against turning the focus on monitoring and evaluation into an obsession, as numbers can be misleading and not every action and impact can be measured. The suggestion for the way forward is to be pragmatic in the use of the M&E process. DEF # ? G E K SX\cdkpsRShh=mH sH hmH sH hJ1h5>*mH sH hJ1h5mH sH hJ1hmH sH "hJ1h5>*CJaJmH sH -DEF/ 0 HIRS & Fgdgd$a$gd6&P 1h:prLl. 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