ࡱ> lnk @ 3bjbj)) /LKzKz6*J $ 000D%%%8H%4|%,DR%%(%%%&&&QQQQQQQ$ SR]UQ0'&&''Q00%%Qh*h*h*'T0%0%Qh*'Qh*h*I00Q%% %*)P4pQ$Q0RP4?V)v?VhQDD0000?V0QX&"&h*&'&&&QQD$ ,F*"D,JOB(04)/11330 August 2004 GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING BACKGROUND It is generally recognized that ϲʹ's Trade-Related Technical Assistance and Training (TRTA) can more effectively contribute to building lasting capacity if it is planned and designed on the basis of a thorough assessment of the Members' needs. Following the discussions in the Committee on Trade and Development (CTD) and in the informal consultations process, it was agreed that the ϲʹ Secretariat would prepare guidelines that could be used by beneficiaries in conducting their own needs assessment for TRTA. The objective of these guidelines is to assist Member countries in the process of identifying and prioritizing their needs, bearing in mind that this task is the prime responsibility of the beneficiary country. The guidelines are meant to provide a flexible tool, adaptable to each country's specific conditions. The design of these proposed guidelines is based on pilot needs assessments that were conducted through desk studies by the Secretariat. The guidelines are not prescriptive in any way and countries are encouraged to adapt the approach to their own conditions. Once the needs are identified and prioritized, they could translate into requests, to be reflected in the TA Plan and could also be brought to the attention of donors and other multilateral agencies. APPROACH The self assessment to be conducted by the beneficiary at the country level would essentially involve a fact-finding desk study, using a variety of sources as inputs. Obviously needs and priorities for TRTA are likely to differ for each beneficiary country as they bear a close relation to levels of development, knowledge and human and institutional capacities. The proposed guidelines are flexible and general in nature and can easily be adapted to any one country's specific requirements. Also, the sources of information available are likely to differ among beneficiaries, which must be taken into account when conducting a needs assessment. This document does not seek in any way to substitute for the conclusions already drawn in existing reports, but rather aims at bringing complementary information of potential trade-related technical needs, essentially in areas where the ϲʹ is competent. Some broader supply-side issues have also been addressed. The framework of desk studies conducted by the Secretariat is attached by way of illustration and provides an indication of the main elements that could be included in the assessment plus the sources of information that were used. In order to follow a logical sequence, the needs identification is preceded by a short description of the global economic policy framework, which is aimed at ensuring that the needs are seen within a broader policy framework. SEQUENCE OF STEPS (a) Introduction The introduction provides a brief description of the background against which the needs assessment is undertaken and refers to the sources of documentation used for that purpose. (b) Policy Framework The description of the Policy Framework provides a broad picture of the macroeconomic environment in which TRTA is provided and covers such elements as a statement of the main economic policy objectives, the degree of openness of the country to international trade and the importance of regionalism in its trade relations, as well as the main constraints with regard to its human and institutional capacities. The policy framework also addresses the constraints faced in fulfilling ϲʹ commitments. Finally, it can include aspects of supply-side constraints although this is an area where the ϲʹ would have relatively little to offer. (c) Needs The part that lists the country needs essentially reviews specific ϲʹ-related areas where more human and institutional capacity-building is required. It first lists the requests that have been addressed to the Secretariat, followed by the needs. In order to identify these requirements, a systematic review of all agreements is conducted and constraints identified with regard to understanding and/or implementation of the ϲʹ Agreements. This process is conducted in close cooperation with ϲʹ Divisions responsible for each specific area and the Secretaries to the ϲʹ Committees overseeing the respective agreements. This process includes a review of the status of notifications received by the Secretariat. At the country level a similar approach could be followed, mainly through inter-ministerial cooperation, with inputs to be provided by all Departments. This may have the beneficial side-effect of strengthening lines of communication and coordination among Departments. This could also enhance understanding of the role of training and technical assistance in a countrys efforts to move towards sustainable development. Moreover, the Secretariat conducts a thorough review of all TRTA provided to the beneficiary in the course of several years, by the ϲʹ, by other organizations and by bilateral donors. In doing so, use is made of the ϲʹ Training and Technical Assistance Data Base, as well as the joint OECD/ϲʹ Trade Capacity-Building Data Base. To the extent that this information is not readily available to beneficiaries, it could be provided to countries by the ϲʹ Secretariat as an input into this exercise. Also, this information makes it possible to establish a relation between what is requested and what has already been done, so as to avoid a repetition of activities and ensure sustainable cumulative capacity-building. In identifying needs, three broad areas can be considered: Institution-building and strengthening (public, private, and civil society) in order to address ϲʹ-related rules, regulations and procedures, as well as coordinating mechanisms to implement existing trade-related legislation and enhance infrastructure. Awareness raising and training of practitioners: enhancement of general levels of awareness of trade-related rules and legislation and increasing professional skills through transfer of knowledge aimed at various target groups. Networking: exchange of information among professionals working in the same sector or at the same level of government. Given the limited capacity in developing and least developed countries (LDCs), international as well as regional networking is an important means to increase the knowledge base. (d) Conclusion Finally, the concluding part of the needs assessment summarizes the needs, thus allowing for their prioritization in light of findings and policy objectives. Establishing priorities would be an essential part of the process, as this would not only strengthen domestic inter agency coordination on trade related issues, but, moreover, it would provide the basis for targeted trade related technical assistance. In fact, based on the needs assessment, countries would be in a better position to submit a multi-year, multi-agency request, thus facilitating cumulative and sustainable capacity-building. It would be fully up to the country to decide how to dispatch this information to the agencies in order to solicit support in the priority areas identified (e.g. ϲʹ, bilateral donors, OECD-DAC consultations, Round Table, etc.) Moreover, it would facilitate the task of bi-lateral and multilateral agencies to follow-up on the needs identified and assure some agency coordination. At the same time it is recognized that needs identification is not a static process and cannot be seen as a one-time exercise; it is inherently dynamic. Flexibility would be the watchword, as policy objectives, as well as the macroeconomic environment, may shift and thus require a further adjustment in priorities. It would again be up to each country to ensure a process of continuous updating of the relevant information for the needs identification to maintain direct policy relevance. ANNEX NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR (Country) Introduction This needs assessment paper is designed to assist [Country] in determining the requirements of trade-related technical assistance in support of its economic development programme. It seeks to outline strategic options for effective trade policy in relation to the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and to identify priority needs. In order to identify the needs, a desk study was carried out on the basis of several sources of information, including: the Trade Policy Review (TPR) of [Country]; the Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS) of [Country], conducted in the context of the Integrated Framework (IF), (if applicable, i.e for LDCs); the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for [Country], conducted by the WorldBank (WB); Article IV of the International Monetary Fund; Economist Intelligence Unit and the like; and, UNCTAD World Investment Report. A. POLICY FRAMEWORK IN [Country] 3. (Description of the macroeconomic and trade policy framework, based on official documents. This can include a discussion of stated national objectives, the country's geo-political situation, trade patterns and main products as well as regional and multilateral commitments.) B. NEEDS 4. In an official request sent to the Secretariat on (date) the Government has identified ... national activities to be included in the Technical Assistance and Training Programme for the year .... These activities are: (a) ................. (b) ................. (c) ................. 5. The [Country] has benefited from trade-related technical assistance activities provided in the past by the ϲʹ and other agencies. (The list can be provided by the Secretariat.) 6. [Valid for LDCs] In addition, some of these activities are included in the Action Matrix of the DTIS as part of the IF process. The Action Matrix, which is a main tool to enhance national policy coordination in the field of TRTA, lists a set of policy recommendations and priority technical assistance needs identified by [Country] for submission to the donor community and other development partners, such as ϲʹ, for assistance. 7. The needs assessment revealed TA needs in the following broad and more specific areas, inter alia: Trade Policy Environment General Environment Awareness Training Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures (SPS) Customs Valuation Notifications Legislation Agriculture Services Market Access Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) ϲʹ Rules: Anti-dumping and Subsidies CONCLUSION 8. (Based on the description and analysis conducted, priority actions may be defined. However, careful attention would need to be given to the support that has been provided or will be given under current programmes (e.g. IF), as well as by other organizations and donors, so as to avoid duplication and overlap.) __________  Developing countries are entitled to two requests for national activities, while LDCs are entitled to three national activities. 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