аЯрЁБс>ўџ DFўџџџEџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџшŸ0щ(€рр€  J з6гК"trifaco@ghana.comђЎ/Ш 0вефЗDTimes New Roman 4Лœк„кь 0œкWo 0ЗDUniversw Roman 4Лœк„кь 0œкWo 0" ЗDArial Unicode MSЛœк„кь 0œкWo 0€"Є €`џџџџЅ .Љ  @Ѓnџ§?" dd@џџяџџџџџџ  @@``€€  №№ИX?       c №$ƒПРџ@ёї№ѓ€аБКuьЪš;2NЭЩЪš;њgў§4ddь 0кјўџџВџџџpћppћ@ <§4!d!dЎ 0LоŒ5Л<§4ddddЎ 0LоŒ5Лџ ˆrŠjК___PPT9‹LЎDЏЌ,€џџ№f+ѓŸЈ Ё" ŸЈГCAPACITY BUILDING IN GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  ______________________ THE EXPERIENCE OF GHANA Daniel Kwagbenu Independent Consultant Email: trifaco@ghana.com January 17, 2003 Ё€Д+"$"$"$""$$ 'ђѓА 0п ѓŸЈDEFINITION OF CAPACITYŸЈžCapacity can be defined as the ability of individuals and organizations or organizational units to perform functions effectively, efficiently and sustainably Ё Ÿž$$ѓŸЈDEFINITION OF CAPACITY (Contd.)Ё $ŸЈšThis definition has three important aspects: it indicates that capacity is not a passive state but is part of a continuing process; it ensures that human resources and the way in which they are utilized are central to capacity development; and it requires that the overall context within which organizations undertake their functions will also be a key consideration in strategies for capacity development. Ё|.lВ" +j ѓŸЈPresentation OverviewЁŸ Snapshot History of Ghana s Public Procurement System Key Elements Of The Current Public Procurement System In Ghana Functional Categorization Of Institutions Current Professional Input & Capacity Building Efforts Procurement Reform Proposals  The Way Forward.ЁZѓŸ tGhana s Public Procurement System (Pre-Independence Era ) Ё;9$Ÿ \Goods: Crown Agents  sole agents Services: Procurement of experts on full time basis & secondment of officials Works: Public Works Department (PWD)  force accountЁjZZ ZGZZ1Zw1ѓŸ ˆGhana s Public Procurement System (Immediate Post-Independence Era )ЁEE$Ÿ ‚Goods: Ghana Supply Commission (1960)  purchaser for all public institutions; Ghana National Procurement Agency (1976)  purchaser of bulk items Works: Ghana National Construction Corporation; Architectural Engineering Services Corporation Tender Boards: District, Regional & Central; (1967)  advisory, final decision vested in political heads; (1996)  composition expanded, approval & award Donor procurement: relatively more competitive Ёj!ZoZ/ZZŽ' ѓŸЈ>Key Elements Of The Current Public Procurement System In GhanaЁ??(ŸЈt The Legal Framework Institutional & Organizational Arrangements Procurement Policies & Practices Review Procedures Ё2t s$ѓŸЈAreas of Concern Ё0" "$ ŸЈРLack of a unified system/multiplicity of practices Lack of a comprehensive and well articulated public procurement policy Lack of a comprehensive legal regime Weak capacity of procurement staff Lack of accountability Loose institutional and organizational arrangements for processing procurement and for collective decision making in awarding of contracts Absence of independent appeals body Lack of independent procurement auditing function Ё|Ÿ ZZZZZZО""  ѓ ŸЈ)Functional Categorization Of InstitutionsЁ**$ŸЈЋProcurement Policy, Planning/Standards Formulation & Funding Institutions - Central Government Institutions - Local Government Institutions - Development Partners ЁHJ_J$bѓ ŸЈ2Functional Categorization Of Institutions (Contd.)Ё33$ŸЈёProcurement Processing, Management & Monitoring Institutions: - Tender Boards - Ghana Supply commission - Supply & Materials Management Class of the Civil Service - Project Management Units/Dev. Partners - Auditor General/Audit ServiceЁ >Дђѓ ŸЈ2Functional Categorization Of Institutions (Contd.)Ё33$ŸЈŸEnforcement & Grievance Redress Institutions: - Ministry of Finance - Office of The President - Judiciary/Legal System - Parliament - Ad Hoc InstitutionsЁ,.ZrZ/$qѓ  ŸЈ2Functional Categorization Of Institutions (Contd.)Ё33$ŸЈuInterest/Pressure groups: - Associations of Professional Bodies - Civil Society Organizations - The Media/Press Ё(\u$ѓ  ŸЈ; Current Professional Input & Capacity Building Efforts Ё&<$7 ŸЈЗGeneral lack of professional input in the public procurement and contracting process Ad hoc arrangements including the creation of Project Management Units in MDAs/MMDAs SMMC (1,300 employees) lack range of skills and expertise required to handle the full complement of procurement functions within public entities Departmental heads or designated project officers who are not trained in procurement, undertake procurement functions ЁšЕZ!ZZS"U"t"v"Њ4VU ’v ѓ ŸЈA Current Professional Input & Capacity Building Efforts (Contd.) ЁBB Ÿ ŠCurrent capacity building efforts are limited and are not comprehensive Absence of certification process Key players include: Ghana Institute of Management & Public Administration (GIMPA): World Bank supported training in procurement as part of institute s regular programme Polytechnics: Courses in Purchasing & Supply ЁЄiZZ?ZVZ Z! ZZ?V!ѓ Ÿ \Procurement Reform Proposals  The Way ForwardЁ//$ŸЈGoals: Promote the use of public procurement as a tool for national development Harmonize the application of procurement related rules in local and international conventions and treaties Promote the integrity of the public procurement system and public confidence in the process Ё,ѓŸ nProcurement Reform Proposals  The Way Forward (Contd.)Ё88$ŸЈŸReform Proposals: Comprehensive procurement law Standard Tender Documents Relevant institutional and administrative structures Oversight body Capacity BuildingЁ(ŽŽѓŸ nProcurement Reform Proposals  The Way Forward (Contd.)Ё88$Ÿ  Proposals on Capacity Building: " Public Awareness Campaign of the Reformed Public Procurement System " Initial Training of Procurement Practitioners " Dissemination of Information to Heads of Procurement Entities " Sustainable Training & Professional Development ЁNй!Z3!Z  щ Њй 3ѓ Ÿ nProcurement Reform Proposals  The Way Forward (Contd.)Ё88$ŸЈГCapacity to support the new procedures would be built at all levels: - staff of procuring entities, - policy makers, - private sector and the civil society at large. Ё:EoE h ѓŸ nProcurement Reform Proposals  The Way Forward (Contd.)Ё88$ŸЈчCapacity Building Plan: In consultation with key stakeholder institutions Modules on procurement courses (course materials, target groups, staged delivery and delivery method) Detailed budget covering training programmes delivery Ё.ZаZ аъјъя `№ џџџџџџџ™џџџ–––`№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВ`№ џџџ333ннн€€€MMMъъъ`№ џџЬff3€€3™3€3ЬџЬf`№ џџџ€€€џЬfџЬЬРРР`№ џџџ€€€РРРfџџ™`№ џџџ€€€3™џ™џЬЬЬВВВЃ>џ§?" dd@џџяџџџџџџ,Ѓ|џ§?" ddи@џџяџџџџџџ € д €" а@€ №`€Л€ Ѓnџ§?" dd@џџяџџџџџџ   @@``€€PЃR    @ ` €`Ѓ pЃ>€Ѓ> $№№№Д№( № №№в № “ №6€шkЛ‡ƒПРџ №€АаP№У Л №TŸЈ Click to edit Master title styleЂ!Њ !№ № ƒ №0€˜nЛƒПРџ №рАа№У Л №žŸЈRClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth levelЂ!    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ЬЬџ.!2 0Єtrifaco@ghana.com    .њЬЬџ--2Ѕ28ћлџ@Times New RomanLSѕwUSѕw0-№ 28.!2 `TJanuary 17, 2003     .--№ћМ"System 0-№&TNPP &џџџџўџеЭеœ.“—+,љЎDеЭеœ.“—+,љЎР|ˆЈДМФЬ д мф ьєќ  фOn-screen Shown-sЛ^~э Times New RomanUniversArial Unicode MSDefault Design DEFINITION OF CAPACITY DEFINITION OF CAPACITY (Contd.)Presentation Overview;Ghana’s Public Procurement System (Pre-Independence Era ) EGhana’s Public Procurement System (Immediate Post-Independence Era )?Key Elements Of The Current Public Procurement System In GhanaAreas of Concern *Functional Categorization Of Institutions3Functional Categorization Of Institutions (Contd.)3Functional Categorization Of Institutions (Contd.)3Functional Categorization Of Institutions (Contd.)< Current Professional Input & Capacity Building Efforts B Current Professional Input & Capacity Building Efforts (Contd.) /Procurement Reform Proposals – The Way Forward8Procurement Reform Proposals – The Way Forward (Contd.)8Procurement Reform Proposals – The Way Forward (Contd.)8Procurement Reform Proposals – The Way Forward (Contd.)8Procurement Reform Proposals – The Way Forward (Contd.)  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