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Brown HEART Trust/NTA - Jamaica  IntroductionThe General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is focused on services supplied through 4 modes: Cross-border supply Consumption overseas Commercial presence or movement of capital Temporary movement of labour to supply services overseas ,ddDeveloping Country PerspectiveDeveloping countries are particularly concerned with Mode 4 Comparative advantage in labour-intensive services Negative impact of the earlier phases of trade liberalization Developing countries have a clear interest in promoting significant liberalization under Mode 4P=ZqZZ`Z=qaThe PresentationJamaican programmes for trade in services through the movement of natural persons (MNP) Formal Informal CARICOM Protocol II and the MNP Regional TVET StrategylX X    Formal MNP ProgrammesPrior to the 1900 s Jamaica was an net importer of labour Since the early 1900 s Jamaica is a net exporter of labour Formal programmes include: Farm Work Programme Hospitality Work Programme Schoolteacher Work Programme(LL Farm Worker Programme|Temporary/Seasonal work  3 to 9 mths Low skilled agriculture workers Abundant home country supply Significant host country demand Home  Win, Host  Win, Global  Win --------EXPAND------- Hospitality Worker ProgrammeTemporary/Seasonal work  3 to 9 mths Low and semi skilled workers Limited home country supply Home country capacity to produce supply Significant host country demand Home  Win, Host  Win, Global  Win ------Controlled Expansion-----$Z ZSchoolteacher ProgrammeTemporary work  2 years and over Skilled and professional workers Scarcity in home country supply Limited home country capacity to produce schoolteachers Significant host country demand Home  Lose, Host  Win, Global  Lose ------ Limit Expansion-----$ZZ GATS ConsiderationsLMovement of low-skilled and semi-skilled persons must be considered along with skilled professionals MNP should not be tied to commercial presence in the host country Government control on MNP should be reduced Economic needs tests should be removed Temporary short-term safeguards should be available to home and host countrieseZZBZZZeB,'O Informal MNP ProgrammesbJamaicans are highly migratory in nature Significant numbers return to Jamaica Significant numbers maintain economic ties with Jamaica  labour related transfers (remittances)>)&a Movement of ProfessionalsPermanent migration is encouraged through host country immigration laws Permanent migration has a  brain drain effect on home countries and contributes to social polarization Temporary movement of professionals is in the interest of home and host countriesZ  Movement of Non-ProfessionalshUnofficial access to temporary employment in host country  homecare & personal care services Market conditions exist to promote the temporary MNP in these services Fully represents the objective of Mode 4  an efficient natural person service provider satisfying market demand in another member s territory! GATS ConsiderationsGATS should provide for clear differentiation between temporary work movement and permanent migration Immigration policies that favour permanent migration of professionals should be replaced with Mode 4 type movement Consideration must be given to host country public policy concerns The market should determine efficient allocation of labour. However, short-term safeguards are requiredlZZZfsCj" CARICOM Protocol II and MNPProtocol II  Right of Establishment, Services and Capital Promote free movement of services, capital and select skilled workers; and the right to set up business Ensure national treatment and non-discrimination in carrying out business Facilitate access to resources within CARICOM Create more business & employment opportunities; open opportunities for trade in services.<Z:Z<:#CARICOM Protocol II and MNPFree MNP initially limited to graduates from approved universities and select professionals Vast majority of CARICOM nationals are excluded from this facility Absence of a formal mechanism recognize the work competencies of its nationals$Move to Regional TVET StrategyTVET covers a broader spectrum of occupations including professional qualifications Based on establishment of National Training Agency in each territory Regional TVET framework  competency based, industry led. Emphasis on accreditation, articulation and certification%The National Training AgencyDevelopment and approval of occupational performance standards for delivery by any training provider Regional and national framework for articulation of programmes across institutions and territories (Modular training standards and delivery) Valid and reliable national certification of competence Regional recognition of national certification through the CARICOM Vocational Qualification (CVQ) CVQ is the facility for free movement of nationals within CARICOM, full implementation 2005 $Z]Z&CARICOM Model Relevant to GATSOccupational certification based on documented standards that facilitate evaluation and articulation is desirable. Some level of harmonization across countries is required for the MNP. The Mutual Recognition Model is ideal Occupation certification is preferred to a professional certification framework. 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Brown      . 3f.-2 HEART Trust/NTA - Jamaican    .--yH-- 3f"TahomaJ wwgwJ - .12 rϲʹ Symposium on GATS Mode 4+"( ( %."Tahoma Bwwgw B - .12 }The Jamaican Experience with-  ( . .62 Wthe Movement of Natural Persons)-# .--"Systemwf    -&TNPP & ՜.+,D՜.+,D    $ On-screen ShowNational Training AgencytǏ~1 ArialTimes New RomanTahoma WingdingsRecommending A Strategy[ϲʹ Symposium on GATS Mode 4 The Jamaican Experience with the Movement of Natural Persons IntroductionDeveloping Country PerspectiveThe PresentationFormal MNP ProgrammesFarm Worker ProgrammeHospitality Worker ProgrammeSchoolteacher ProgrammeGATS ConsiderationsInformal MNP ProgrammesMovement of ProfessionalsMovement of Non-ProfessionalsGATS ConsiderationsCARICOM Protocol II and MNPCARICOM Protocol II and MNPMove to Regional TVET StrategyThe National Training AgencyCARICOM Model Relevant to GATSConcluding Comments  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles 6> _PID_GUIDAN{E181BDAC-4C58-11D6-BDF4-000629770E82}Root EntrydO)0##[@Current User%SummaryInformation(HPowerPoint Document(Ǐ  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIJKLMNOQRSTUVWb_㣏SpeirRoot EntrydO)F_@Current User%SummaryInformation(HPowerPoint Document(Ǐ  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIJKLMNOQRSTUVWb_㣏Speir  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIJKLMNOQRSTUVWYZ[\]^_bRoot EntrydO)Current UserXSummaryInformation(HPowerPoint Document(ǏDocumentSummaryInformation8P