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Speed of technological innovation & Convergence Services that did not exist during the creation of the W120 included? Eg 3G, Wi-max, VOIP, etc Some parts seem outdated? Eg telegraph, telex Some overlap with computer services Basic vs value-added telecom services What goes into basic? What goes into value added? Some ideas being discussed informally: Collapsing and simplifying W120 into fewer categories?&2'8&2  '8,h )Classification issues - computer services**W120 and CPC adequate? Speed of technological innovation & Convergence Services that did not exist during the creation of the W120 included? Eg application hosting, data warehousing, web hosting, e-commerce hosting Some ideas being discussed informally: Make commitments at 2-digit level (CPC 84)? Clarifying the meaning of computer services at the 2-digit level?V'n'n   Market Access Issues - TelecomBBasic Telecom Services relatively more restrictions than Value-added Telecom Services Value-Added Telecom Services and Resale Services typically fewer restrictions, but fewer numbers of commitments than basic telecom commitments Mode 1  still many restrictions Eg Exclusive rights, routing restrictions Mode 3  still many restrictions Eg number of operators, FDI limits, type of legal entity, long phase-in periods ?1^!*!P> 1^  !*!P  PMarket Access Issues  Computer Services))Given the relative openness of this sector, there are surprisingly few commitments (approx 70 commitments) Developing countries demanding more commitments in this sector  eg India, Mercosur Mode 1 and 4  important to developing countries in particular Fewer CPC 844 commitments (database services)  content concerns? Fewer CPC 849 commitments (other)  uncertainty over its scope? Given the speed of technological innovation in computer services, it is important to make commitments on the whole sector including CPC 849:  National Treatment IssuesTelecom Services  limits on senior management and ownership of land Access to land is important for facilities-based telecom operators (rights-of-way issue) Computer Services  relatively few limitations>EY/EY/  nAdditional Commitments Issues  Telecom Reference Paper88How to get more members to adopt the Reference Paper in full? Only about half of ϲʹ members have adopted it in full Reference paper provides a guarantee to investors who need to take into account regulatory risk. How to implement the Reference Paper? Eg Initiatives by APEC TEL Working Group Some ideas being discussed informally: Clarify how to implement the Reference Paper through capacity building and info sharing efforts>')'`>')  '` MFN IssuesSatellite Services MFN exemptions allow discrimination and prevent development of efficient cross-border telecommunications? Accounting Rates Prevent development of efficient cross-border telecommunications? ljBjB   Electronic Commerce IssuesCustoms duties on electronic transmissions how to ensure barrier-free environment for electronic transmissions? Treatment of products that can be digitized - eg e-music, e-books, software, digital video How to prevent discrimination and other barriers for these products? More liberal commitments on cross-border supply for on-line services How to prevent barriers to Business Process Outsourcing?+E[EE9+E[E  E9  Other issues Information Technology Agreement (ITA) makes computers, communication devices and other ICT equipment more affordable to users (reduce digital divide?) Capacity Building Multilateral  WTO, ITU BDT, ITU Regional Offices Regional  eg APEC TEL, APT Bilateral NGOsV'q]'q]   Developments alongside the ϲʹBilateral FTAs  supplementing the Telecom Annex and Reference Paper disciplines Note the FTAs involving US, Singapore, Australia Includes enhanced Telecom Annex obligations, transparency disciplines, technology-choice for operators, number portability, colocation, unbundling, resale, access to poles and ducts, leased circuits, etc Bilateral FTAs  disciplines on electronic commerce negotiated Permanent moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions Non-discriminatory treatment of products that can be digitized Mutual recognition arrangements (MRAs) on conformity assessment of telecom equipment  at APEC and bilaterally Eliminates duplicative testing and certification Faster-time-to-market and reduced testing feesQFF?FFoF`FQ?  o_ Questions? 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