аЯрЁБс>ўџ ЪўџџџўџџџШЩџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџn№ј ЋMGNTј`Pм…вд(—K‡џ‰PNG  IHDRƒŽ%нKŠgAMAБˆ•˜єІPLTE3f™Ьџ333f3™3Ь3џ3f3fff™fЬfџf™3™f™™™Ь™џ™Ь3ЬfЬ™ЬЬЬџЬџ3џfџ™џЬџџџ333f3™3Ь3џ333333f33™33Ь33џ33f33f3ff3™f3Ьf3џf3™33™3f™3™™3Ь™3џ™3Ь33Ь3fЬ3™Ь3ЬЬ3џЬ3џ33џ3fџ3™џ3Ьџ3џџ3f3fff™fЬfџf3f33ff3f™3fЬ3fџ3fff3fffff™ffЬffџff™f3™ff™f™™fЬ™fџ™fЬf3ЬffЬf™ЬfЬЬfџЬfџf3џffџf™џfЬџfџџf™3™f™™™Ь™џ™3™33™f3™™3™Ь3™џ3™f™3f™ff™™f™Ьf™џf™™™3™™f™™™™™Ь™™џ™™Ь™3Ь™fЬ™™Ь™ЬЬ™џЬ™џ™3џ™fџ™™џ™Ьџ™џџ™Ь3ЬfЬ™ЬЬЬџЬ3Ь33Ьf3Ь™3ЬЬ3Ьџ3ЬfЬ3fЬffЬ™fЬЬfЬџfЬ™Ь3™Ьf™Ь™™ЬЬ™Ьџ™ЬЬЬ3ЬЬfЬЬ™ЬЬЬЬЬџЬЬџЬ3џЬfџЬ™џЬЬџЬџџЬџ3џfџ™џЬџџџџ3џ33џf3џ™3џЬ3џџ3џfџ3fџffџ™fџЬfџџfџ™џ3™џf™џ™™џЬ™џџ™џЬџ3ЬџfЬџ™ЬџЬЬџџЬџџџ3џџfџџ™џџЬџџџџџЎw7 pHYsФФ•+}IDATxœэ›ЭЎ›8€Г@YёY !Ёdд‡`)R,i„Й‹š.в>HкХ=lnV}‹мЭхuЦ?€8CH33Т• ЖЯчѓуŸ]UO/ПWЯ&X†…aaјƒ 7x>CUбБАЭŸЯPхd”*у“ћ| ФchК:Є)}6CЕЃˆŠВs іiъяї3dAв`Жa †ю0ѕ‡YE‰=fЪШŒ e1„Р ,NfŠдЂf@Ьн‚ Š‚у>7Хœўp\•Eв ЎЦ“§Ь E№Эё !ˆ‚ЬTIG™Т‡ѕEРЬGy:N У ‡ ъ8DЉ$#ўQ1ЬP&–з—e‘-ѓF‹PjaЬr1Ь $eЅTB‘%3ƒх,oЦZТУ‰DŸй!вхsлU.""№9втƒ ™v4(%ргД{ЊdSttЇ.щŒiКС Q8!<цЩР–ˆЅRКЃУОeј}П5‹ЧA Ѕ3љйOФВ@j‚дЙ‹ƒРх^k7 ‡ь№щPМ%кф AЯŠ]мЧ0@Јњіг/ысН яgEв[OЭ,јѕјКo6§ћљ2СžћрB” в§ЅПvЬЯ y ИдЯЂy} пoР&ѕ8ц&б|> šЇS+›щзГ‘ АOЭВЩПћДу[€ь}†ЪB№=лВэЗг%GыС0ЕгфO>е;НvВт‡пЗс kФ-9—Ќ)zи0`3тЧчѕvbг5?9#s‚ідp ЗЌ„ЇЮcОњ[Ї Лœ+3ЌЌэ*bт Ь xyЃЛ!ДsЗч7€Џ„Щ_k[dкЎ•рƒрœЮk᧑в3дхrІ'.^Ÿзи^ЛК._ъ“iP0T #.4Ъж( €Вp”ECИЖв~ еэДЖdšђЗ'|зъ “#ЯРЇ {фRњš€:цБR%H‚й8a­њз  ЬжвХoИ%NёU›Ў‡X l“3|і‡WJ™32йТ=н5,U„;#и+šƒgБВTЎФ*2ЬФР"#KхђХыЛ{?ƒРміzES†ї1”?Пy:,KЅ—КяžЮПО+QзЇƒŠ/…шуiчЭт…ч);‰*;_j—нН=‰!БХ;2uVЁ!~šФpшDC*ЈјZŒ›bЂ, М`ЙТЮВE#sЊк%!ХlY   І˜Ц№IŠВ zr…ц[`KŽ#hІщ!ЩВь._Ы—GOтTУ4†ђъJgTW#QІ иQАsќЙ‹СYрbфi”5‚S s2€™Њcmжƒm‘]A1#OеY™*5юW†р˜fcjiРЬTёД@иѓ’­—С'щ‡Єk-EfТщC з| љ b' yбwKoa§кгKП-n{Wіy(AФЇ›мЬж‘P$ˆњЄ јаMКпSЖ•О]+~œЙёЭQёi7['“T}Ю0Ь ПЇ…ПAв…g™шsІ Ьф–ј”фнm?œфЩxС+6љьчМШV<]HwѕЩl(К<чюІје>чтбHзз&KЕЦŽ5SxЙqoЄ9џѓ™‰ю;sНŸЭIu7ˆ№яЃДL]o6чa pж3u^(ЭЪ№~ІG=M533ЯS™™šuчѕЦc>vvІ($УЮ8/УеNжlщ›wу™n;€чЪF4žЫvš Ц}Щ:Ѓ?4й:ь=зŸa(yіђи—.{<УˆЦДђПќж}aX†?ЪнKlJ~шЫ@ сгОњЁ@cBљћ+Ud1ћgч1vOŠжX]Q­Б7xŽї›Ћˆ)§Cˆ#ќ.ФРЛхЯaЅ/‘$їфOлЏЕЂѕ*џm)Уa‹x%eˆўИ|бšШЛP5r@BVъaлH‰&ВГAічС ыSй/,hb энiЎ˜NкЖDжŠEпЄPгЛŸd*:Vк4C[ЩДэ˜Д P$ ­›б•ыєэŠ Ў?ЖЧБў=ЌZ‹ЊЫXгˆ”Y5#ЈЕЙ›ŸфъІRЊjкшcаD4zЈRv<wy*P Уњ˜Ж э@†БЖЈт˜Š@ŒЕ§aЃbћ_Ѕ{FЭEкжЕƒзёRuў'›“д=щє*ќ”ДнЕЪЉУ€Д­ы0j+и_“ЙпЙ#ŠъЅ&#ЦгXŸhмvвkуіDщ^/ЄPj`7ѓ"PТЂ†Jeїh{M—ќ‚„YЄ6ЈЈРцXK’›Œy ъ“!Р’ ъДUyЋЊЗеiэ^†…aaX†g—…aaјї1ќ~~љ\]IqЬЙьIENDЎB`‚ш—Vщ(€рКm ђ`/Ш 0ве˜ЗDTimes New Roman(ИИіш0(ИвB 0 ИЗDMonotype Sorts(ИИіш0(ИвB 0 ИЄ€@џџЅ .Љ  @Ѓnџ§?" dd@џџяџџџџџџ  @@``€€ Р№И№и фКє3 4 , 4 Z-5 [ *+ЇЈЉЊ=:ШЩЪ2ЫЬЭабвгдеж"зцчшщьэњћќ§ўџ/№X№$џb№$ЋMGNTј`Pм…вд(—K‡џ ƒ №0ƒ†AПРХAџ€ё ™fџ3џfџџџ™џfџfЬ3™@ёџї№8ѓ€ѓ€а#њgў§4@d@d@ИвB 0B§џџ”џџџpћppћ@ џ <§4ddddlИhG 0ЈЙњgў§4dddd@ИвB 0Иќџџ pћ7 pћ]<§4!d!dlИpC 0ЈЙ(0ˆК“АіЪš;­”ЧЪš;<§4ddddlИ%F 0XИˆ1Š9К___PPT10‹ pЕpЕБ6ŠшК___PPT9‹Ъ/Ш 0вЎЎЏНЌ €џџЏЌ&ЏеЌ €џџ?й к Oй к=№x@ѓ`DŸЊ ŸЈŽ ITU-АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ WORKSHOP ON TELECOM & ICT REGULATION AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT (GPA) Roger Kampf АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Secretariat Geneva, 2 December 2004ЁdZŽZ€X€‚ ‚(‚€Њ`*ѓuНŸЁЊ ŸЈ$ Government Procurement in GeneralЁ6"“" " "" ѓqЛŸ DWhat Is  Government Procurement ?Ё##Њ # ŸЈ"Key elements (c.f. the definitions in Arts. III.8 and XVII of the GATT 1947 and Art. XIII.1 of the GATS): Procurement By governmental agencies Of products or services For governmental purposes (and not with a view to commercial resale or use in the production of goods for commercial sale)Ё>jЙYЙЊ # ѓ•ЭŸЈGP and General PoliciesЁЊ  ŸЈqCompetition Maximization of competition Advantages: Better quality Lower prices Efficiency of public expenditure ЁL (> џў >Њ r  ŸЈЅPreferential policies Reduction of competition Direct assistance to certain domestic enterprises/industries Types : Price preference margins, offsets, set-asides ЁPџў=9Њ І ѓЃдŸЁЊ ŸЈB II. Overview of АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Work in the field of Government ProcurementЁ0@" @" ѓŸЈ:Government Procurement and the Multilateral Trading SystemЁ;;ŸЈŽ Government procurement historically excluded from key principles of multilateral trade agreements: - Goods (1947) : GATT Articles III:8 and XVII:2 - Services (1994) : GATS Article XIII:1 But growing awareness of (i) need to have sound national procurement systems in place, and (ii) trade restrictive effects of discriminatory procurement policies (such as preferences, offsets, set-asides) ЁjZc!Z]ZЬ!ZZ‚‚ѓsМŸЈ"АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Work on Government ProcurementЁ##Њ # ѓyПŸЁЊ Ÿ € III. Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement ( GPA )Ё0>" >" ѓŸЈ Nature and MembershipЁŸЈOPlurilateral - not all АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Members bound 13 Members (counting EC with its 25 member States as one member) All traditional developed countries except Australia and New Zealand PLUS Israel; Hong Kong, China; Korea; Singapore Countries acceding to the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Regularly requested to seek accession to GPA as condition of accession to АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯЁdjГ" zNj€z€€N€ѓdHŸЈ StructureЁ  ŸЈ9Text of Agreement : Article I - XXIV Appendix I Entities (Annexes 1 - 3) Services, construction services (Annexes 4-5) General Notes Appendix II to IV : Publications for Intended Procurement/Post-award Notices Permanent List of Qualified Suppliers in case of Selective Tendering Procedures Laws, regulations etc.Ёv0ZUZ&ZZ0‚ U€&‚ Ž€‚ѓiJŸЈ Main PrinciplesЁŸЈˆNational Treatment / treatment no less favourable than that accorded to any other Party Basic transparency obligations (publication of laws, regulations, etc) Provisions to ensure fair and transparent procedures Exceptions General exceptions (Article XXIII) Derogations from Article III (General Notes) Developing countries (Article V) Offsets (Article XVI) Special and Differential TreatmentЁLпZ‡Z#Z€#€Њ' Xѓ{\ŸЈEnforcement: Key FeaturesЁŸЈCore principles for mandatory domestic bid challenge system: non-discriminatory, timely, transparent and effective procedures review body interim measures Corrections Application of АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ Dispute Settlement, supplemented by some specific rules due to plurilateral nature of GPAЁL=ZjZmZ=€j€m€ѓ‘ЫŸЈ Ongoing WorkЁ  Њ  ŸЈ7Negotiations under way since 1997 Revision of the text to introduce improvements (simplify it and facilitate the accession of new members) Negotiations commencing in 2004 Extension of coverage among all Parties on the basis of mutual reciprocity Eliminating any remaining discriminatory measures and practices Ё^"i "i ‹Њ 8 ѓzРŸЁЊ ŸЈ- IV. Transparency in Government ProcurementЁ0," ," ѓТŸЈMandatesЁ  Њ  ѓŠЪŸ @Post Cancњn:  July 2004 Package Ё!!Њ&   ŸЈRNo substantive results at MC in Cancњn Three options for Singapore issues: Negotiations, Studies, or Cessation of work Option selected: transparency in government procurement (and competition and investment) no longer forms part of the Doha Work Programme. Consequently, no work towards negotiations within the АФУХСљКЯВЪЙйЭјзЪСЯ during the Doha Round. ЁNKZ,ZмZK,кЊ&   - ѓ}СŸЁЊ ŸЈ) V. Government Procurement and the GATSЁ&*" (" ѓXАŸЈ!GATS Negotiations: Basic ElementsЁ""ŸЈFBasic transparency obligation in GATS Art. III applies No market access or non-discrimination obligations (cf. GATS Art. XIII:1), except for financial services for members having adhered to the Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services (cf Section B.2.) Mandate in GATS Art. XIII:2 to hold multilateral negotiationsЁN7ZZаZZ>ZG€ѓ[БŸЈ GATS Negotiations: State of PlayЁ!!ŸЈ‰Dealt with by Working Party on GATS Rules established by the Council for Trade in Services Interlinked with other topics (i.e. emergency safeguards and subsidies) covered by WPGR Scope of the mandate (coverage of market access ?) Potential overlap with WG on Transparency no longer exists Several proposals made to define modalities how to cover GP in GATS schedules Limited Progress to date Ё>ˆZ’rZ“rZŠ€ѓЅеŸЊ ŸЈ0 Telecommunications and the Plurilateral GPAЁB“" ’" - Њ 1 ѓЉйŸЈ!Coverage of Telecom Operators (1)Ё""Њ " ŸЈ Only few GPA members cover telecom operators: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co (not for procurement of public electrical telecom equipment and of services related to operational safety of telecommunications) Korea Telecom (except purchases of common telecom commodity products and telecom network equipment) Bezek (Israel): limited to US goods and services, but willing to negotiate opening of telecom sector with other GPA members on reciprocal basis Example of broader coverage under bilateral agreements: EU-SwitzerlandЁ@.Z—ZGZ.—GЊ&5  в ѓЌмŸЈ!Coverage of Telecom Operators (2)Ё""Њ " Ÿ XWithdrawal of NTT and Korea Telecom from GPA proposed, but pending because of objection by other GPA members Basic question = definition of  effective elimination of government control or influence in Article XXIV:6(b) GPA: ownership legal status exposure to effective de jure/de facto competition ?Ё(сLсLЊ - ѓІжŸЈ+Coverage of Telecommunications Services (1)Ё,,Њ , ŸЈŸLegal basis: Appendix I, Annex 4 of the GPA Details of coverage: Canada: electronic/voice mail, on-line information and data base retrieval, electronic data interchange, fax services EC, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland : telecommunication services, except voice telephony, telex, radiotelephony, paging and satellite services Hong Kong, China: value-added telecom services, basic telecom services, telecom-related services. But: subject to exclusive license Japan: limited to electronic/voice mail, on-line information and data base retrieval, electronic data interchange, fax services, code and protocol conversion, on-line information and/or data processingЁ„AZ_ZAo0ltХЊ   ѓЈиŸЈ+Coverage of Telecommunications Services (2)Ё,,Њ , Ÿ JDetails of coverage (cont d): Korea: limited to on-line information and data base retrieval, electronic data interchange, fax services Singapore: limited to electronic/voice mail, on-line information and data base retrieval, electronic data interchange US (only country following negative list approach): enhanced (value-added) telecommunications services No specific comments undertaken by: Israel Netherlands for ArubaЁG$d ne$Њ І ѓЇзŸЈExceptions in General NotesЁЊ  ŸЈТCanada: non-application to EU EC, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland: application on reciprocal basis only; exclusion of contracts awarded by covered central and sub-central entities in connection with activities in the field of telecommunications Hong Kong, China: commitments on telecommunications services subject to terms of licence held by Hong Kong Telecommunications International Ltd until 30 September 2006 for certain exclusive services Japan: non-application to Canada for procurement by sub-central and other entities Korea: non-application to Canada for procurement by sub-central and other entities; reciprocal coverage of telecom services US: reciprocal coverage of telecom servicesЁ’УZ/ГЗNw*Њ У ѓЎоŸЈWThresholds Applying to Procurement of Goods and Services (Except Construction Services)ЁXXЊ X Ÿ ЌCentral entities: 130.000 SDR Sub-central entities: 200.000 SDR, except for: Israel (250.000 SDR) Canada and US (355.000 SDR) Other entities: 400.000 SDR, except for: Canada, Israel (355.000 SDR) Japan (130.000 SDR) Korea (450.000 SDR) Possibility to apply discriminatory sanctions for procurement below thresholds  example: in 1993, US bars EU suppliers from bidding for contracts concerning purchase of telecom equipment below thresholds, EU applies counter-sanctionsЁРMZ1Z)ZEZыZ1E9Њ з ѓЏпŸЈ>Summary Overview: Coverage of telecommunications under the GPAЁ??Њ ? ŸЈ•Purchase by entities listed in Appendix I, Annexes 1 to 3 (central, sub-central and other entities) Of telecom equipment and telecom services, to the extent listed in Annex 4 (services) and not otherwise excluded Subject to the application of reciprocity / exclusive licensing / non-application clauses contained in Notes to Annexes and General Notes Above thresholds fixed individually by each GPA memberЁ––Њ – ѓЊкŸЈLink between GPA and GATSЁЊ  Ÿ HBasis: broad coverage of telecommunication services under GPA Reality: access to government markets often limited because of general restrictions applying to the supply of services maintained under GATS Reflected explicitly in certain GPA members notes to Annex 4 or in their General NotesЁ@>X%Њ % ѓЋлŸЈ4Negotiations on Coverage and Discriminatory MeasuresЁ55Њ 5 ŸЈ­Handling of pending notifications proposing withdrawal of telecom operators ? Inclusion of new entities ? Extension of coverage in relation to telecommunication services ?Ё@NBЎЊ Ў /№ѓ‡ѓŒѓ ѓЌ"ѓЕ+ѓ_ѓZѓ\€ѓrŠѓt‹ѓvŒѓ{Žѓ|ѓ~ѓ‚‘ѓ™ѓ’šѓ—œѓЄЃъјŒ я `№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВ`№ џџџџџџџ™џџџ–––`№ џџЬff3€€3™3€3ЬџЬf`№ џџџ333ннн€€€MMMъъъ`№ џџџ€€€џЬfџЬЬРРР`№ џџџ€€€РРРfџџ™`№ џџџ€€€3™џ™џЬЬЬВВВЃ>џ§?" dd@џџяџџџџџџ Ѓ|џ§?" ddи@џџяџџџџџџ д €" а@€ №`€Л€ Ѓnџ§?" dd@џџяџџџџџџ   @@``€€PЃP    @ ` €`Ѓ pЃ@€Ѓ@ Ф№М№№T№( № №№в № “ №6€L‡ˆ‡ƒПРџ №€ р№У ˆ №TŸЈ Click to edit Master title styleЂ!Њ !№ў № ƒ №0€ф‰ˆƒПРџ №p€а№У ˆ №†ŸЈRClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth levelЂSЊ S№а № ƒ №0€ˆƒПРџ №`А`€№У ˆ №XŸ *ЁјЊ№в № ƒ №0€d“ˆƒПРџ №`Аа€№У  ˆ №ZŸ *ЁњЊ№в № ƒ №0€ќ—ˆƒПРџ №` а€№У ˆ №ZŸ *ЁиЊ№АВ № Г №B€œˆ‡ПAƒПРџ "ёП№00џ` №0ŸЂЊ №H № ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВ КDefault Designю-я € н№еP№ №m№( №Нq%En № №в № “ №6€HЌs‡ƒПРџ № Ааp№У s №TŸЈ Click to edit Master title styleЂ!Њ !№Я № ƒ №0€фЎsƒПРџ № ` р №У s №WŸЈ#Click to edit Master subtitle styleЂ$Њ $№а № ƒ №0€,АsƒПРџ №`А`€№У s №XŸ *ЁјЊ№в № ƒ №0€шЖsƒПРџ №`Аа€№У  s №ZŸ *ЁњЊ№в № ƒ №0€8ЛsƒПРџ №` а€№У s №ZŸ *ЁиЊ№H № ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВ№(ё€ 0 Ј№ 0№ №8№( №Ра № №  № г №N€(V8yk‚НЕƒyk„НЕПƒПРџ №@9№У  8 №vŸ *Ё љЊІёJ%%JJoo””№ № г №N€˜P8yk‚НЕƒyk„НЕПƒПРџ №z К9№У 8 №xŸ *Ё јЊІёJ%%JJoo””№d № c №$‡Пџ ?№дAyў №У 8№4 № г №N€0c8yk‚НЕƒyk„НЕПƒПРџ №› ;™№У 8 №žŸЈRClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth levelЂ!    Њ S№ № у №T€@o8yk‚НЕƒyk„НЕ‡ПƒПРџ №4@m№У  8 №vŸ *Ё њЊІёJ%%JJoo””№ № у №T€dr8yk‚НЕƒyk„НЕ‡ПƒПРџ №4z Кm№У 8 №xŸ *Ё иЊІёJ%%JJoo””№H № ƒ №0ƒ“9вg”М—Пџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВˆ8Š0К___PPT10‹ы.Љ2Ф0\Š8юъя €+ š№’@№<№*№( №žw №<№x №< c №$€8Пџˆ№тЂY№ №У 8 № ž№r №< S №€№8Пџ№,V|№У  8 № ž№H №< ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВюЂя €Œ R№JР №ш№т№( № №ш№x №ш c №$€ˆ“8Пџˆ№,W,|№У  8 № ž№Ž №ш c №$€ 8Пџˆ№zTY№У 8 №"žІјРрР Р№”В №ш Г №B€МА8‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №ш ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВювя €Š B№:€ №и№в№( № №и№~ №и s №*€ЄЖ8Пџˆ№W Х№У  8 № ž№x №и c №$€xЗ8Пџˆ№Їбw№У 8 № ž№”В №и Г №B€$Й8‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №и ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВˆ8Š0К___PPT10‹ы.н~ФрЕѕLющя €œ Y№QР№p№щ№( № №p№x №p c №$€Р8Пџˆ№w„гб№У  8 № ž№œ №p s №*€Щ8Пџˆ№иљq N№У 8 №*žІј­;‡<Ќ=­>Ў№’ №p c №$€tг8Пџˆ№иИ €N№У 8 №&žІxц W | }№‚Ђ №p ƒ №0€ж8ПƒПРџ№‡ЏYЇ №"ŸЊ №iЂ №p ƒ №0€Јз8ПƒПРџ№Хq— № ŸЈЛ Good governance, optimal use of resources, domestic policy issues Transparency, fair and equitable procedures International trade aspects In general, two major principles in conflict:ЁМCyЊ М №H №p ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВˆ8Š0К___PPT10‹ы.зCФР_d;юЂя €Ѓ R№J №Ќ№т№( № №Ќ№x №Ќ c №$€Дт8Пџˆ№,W,|№У  8 № ž№Ž №Ќ c №$€ јˆПџˆ№zTY№У 8 №"žІјРрР Р№”В №Ќ Г №B€pљˆ‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №Ќ ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВюtя € $№0№№Д№( №џџџџ №№l № C №€`ѕ8Пџ№,7W|№У  8 № ž№l № C №€ і8Пџ№` №У 8 № ž№”В № Г №B€Ьї8‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H № ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВюЎя €‹љZK0 Б№Љ  №,1р№A№( № №р№x №р c №$€и§8Пџˆ№ЄВЂ„№У  8 № ž№э№Œ №Mбa №1р №#"ё&Ÿ УMUU2/№Mбa№У 8№ №р Ѓ №<€@ oПƒП Рџ?"ёП`№ЏžбЋ №–ŸЈ,Negotiations based on Article XIII:2 of GATSЁ&-,"Њ - І  №O №р “ №6€(oПџџ™ПРџ?"ёП`№ў žЏЋ №гŸЈ[studies and elaboration of elements for inclusion in an agreement No negotiations under wayЁ.\[&ўўЊ \ Іx U z {№H №р Ѓ №<€!oПƒП Рџ?"ёП`№Ўžў Ћ №ЦŸЈ^ existing agreement ongoing review negotiations on coverage and non-discriminatory treatmentЁ$_^"Њ _ І  №ф №р Ѓ №<€x"oПƒП Рџ?"ёП`№žЎЋ №bŸЈWorkЁЊ  І  №ё №р Ѓ №<€@4oПƒПРџ?№Џ2 бa №}ŸЈlimited to servicesЁ&"Њ  І  №ѕ № р “ №6€l>oПџџ™ПРџ?№ў 2 Џa №‡ŸЈGoods and possibly servicesЁ.&ўўЊ  І№  № р Ѓ №<€МPoПƒПРџ?№Ў2 ў a №™ŸЈ)goods, services and construction servicesЁ&*)"Њ * Іx U z {№р № р Ѓ №<€dYoПƒПРџ?№2 Ўa №lŸЈCoverageЁ  Њ  Іx U z {№ № р Ѓ №<€l[oПƒПРџ?№Џ б2  №ŸЈ,transparency and possibly non-discriminationЁ&-,"Њ - І№ № р “ №6€LmoПџџ™ПРџ?№ў Џ2  №ЂŸЈ*transparency only (market access excluded)Ё.+*&ўўЊ + Іx V { |№ №р Ѓ №<€HwoПƒПРџ?№Ў ў 2  №“ŸЈ#transparency and non-discriminationЁ&$#"Њ $ Іx U z {№ъ №р Ѓ №<€$qoПƒПРџ?№ Ў2  №vŸЈ PrinciplesЁ(  "Њ  І  №ъ №р Ѓ №<€аƒoПƒПРџ?№ЏЋб  №vŸЈ multilateralЁ&  "Њ  І  №ђ №р “ №6€є…oПџџ™ПРџ?№ў ЋЏ  №„ŸЈ multilateralЁ.  &ўўЊ  Іx U z {№ъ №р Ѓ №<€toПƒПРџ?№ЎЋў  №vŸЈ plurilateralЁ&  "Њ  І  №э №р Ѓ №<€ЂoПƒПРџ?№ЋЎ  №yŸЈ ParticipationЁ( "Њ  І  № №р Ѓ №<€„ГoПƒПРџ?№ЏMбž №ŒŸЈ&GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICESЁ''"Њ ' Іx U z {№ №р “ №6€НoПџџ™ПРџ?№ў MЏž №БŸЈ7WORKING GROUP ON TRANSPARENCY IN GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENTЁ087&ўўЊ 8 Іx U z {№њ №р Ѓ №<€ьЦoПƒПРџ?№ЎMў ž №†ŸЈ GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGREEMENTЁ(! "Њ ! І№Ш №р Ѓ №<€ˆЮoПƒПРџ?№MЎž №TŸЁЊ Іј @`€№TB №р c №$Пзџ ?П№MЎM№ZB №р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№aбa№TB №р c №$Пзџ ?П№Mž№ZB №р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№бMбa№ZB №р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№ЏMЏa№ZB №р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№2 б2 №ZB №р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№ў MбM№`B №р ƒ №0ПРЫœ1зџ ?П№ЎMў M№ZB № р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№ў žў a№`B №!р ƒ №0ПРЫœ1зџ ?П№ў Mў ž№ZB №"р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№ў žбž№`B №#р ƒ №0ПРЫœ1зџ ?П№žў ž№ZB №$р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№ a№`B №%р ƒ №0ПРЫœ1зџ ?П№ž №ZB №&р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№Ў Ўa№`B №'р ƒ №0ПРЫœ1зџ ?П№ЎMЎ №ZB №(р s №*ПЫœ1зџ ?П№Ў б №`B №)р ƒ №0ПРЫœ1зџ ?П№ Ў №ZB №*р s №*ПРЫœ1џ ?П№ЋЎЋ№TB №+р c №$ПЫœ1џ ?П№ЎЋбЋ№”В №,р Г №B€Dеo‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №р ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВˆŠ…К___PPT10‹eъ.+Dё='ё Йџџџџ=ё @Bё +юŒя €Ž <№4 №ј№Ь№( № №ј№x №ј c №$€,уoПџˆ№,W,|№У  o № ž№x №ј c №$€<ŸoПџˆ№zTY№У o № ž№”В №ј Г №B€lЁo‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №ј ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВю€я €_ 0№( №@№Р№( №ДfkФnxr №@№r №@ S №€ИŒoПџˆ№џ*ЯХ№У  o № ž№r №@ S №€Р;oПџˆ№Їбˆ№У o № ž№”В №@ Г №B€ј№o‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №@ ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВю–я € F№>Р№L№ж№( № №L№r №L S №€єјoПџˆ№вЯБ—№У  o № ž№ˆ №L S №€8 qПџˆ№0тР№У o №"žІјPp`Pp№”В №L Г №B€l q‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №L ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВю€я €  0№(@№T№Р№( №Пџ №T№r №T S №€ЄqПџˆ№ЄДг№У  q № ž№r №T S №€`)7Пџˆ№zžтe№У 7 № ž№”В №T Г №B€ +7‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №T ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВю€я €" 0№( №Ќ№Р№( №žw №Ќ№r №Ќ S №€ЌqПџˆ№,ЯЯђ№У  q № ž№r №Ќ S №€РqПџˆ№Їб,№У q № ž№”В №Ќ Г №B€ќq‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H №Ќ ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВю<я €š Ќ№Є€№X№<№( № №X№~ №X s №*€м+qПџˆ№џВ й№У  q № ž№~ №X s №*€А,qПџˆ№]бY№У q № ž№H №X ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВˆ8Š0К___PPT10‹ы.П~ФюжюŒя € <№4 №№Ь№( № №№x № c №$€Ь3qПџˆ№,W,|№У  q № ž№x № c №$€ 4qПџˆ№zTY№У q № ž№”В № Г №B€L6q‡ПAƒПРџ №00џ` №"ŸЊ №H № ƒ №0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”оНhПџ ?№ џџџ€€€Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВюeя €‘ е№Э` №!№e№( № №№x № c №$€ь?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒўџџџŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌ­ЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗўџџџЙКЛМНОПўџџџСТУФХЦЧўџџџ§џџџ§џџџЫўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRoot Entryџџџџџџџџd›OЯ†ъЊЙ)шўџџџPicturesџџџџџџџџџџџџCurrent UserџџџџџџџџРSummaryInformation(џџџџќTPowerPoint Document(џџџџџџџџџџџџЙDocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџИџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ