ÐÏà¡±á>þÿ :<þÿÿÿ789ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á@ ð¿óábjbjûû jV™u™uh³% ÿÿÿÿÿÿˆVVV¨þ $BJbJbJbPšb¼VcB±Ý,vdvd^ÔdÔdÔdÔdÚ®eDòe$0Ý2Ý2Ý2Ý2Ý2Ý2Ý$ÝÞR/á(VÝ”§ÔdÔd”§”§VÝÔdÔdkÝ8¼8¼8¼”§0ÔdÔd0Ý8¼”§0Ý8¼8¼2ÒXDØÔdjd€3Qâ½ÅJbÄ·hè×.´Ù|Ý0±ÝØ.Wâ,ºêWâ\DØBBWâDØpfzz 8¼0‰´ä”°fffVÝVÝBB¤&æ<d%¼"BBæ<legal and institutional framework of the foreign trade and investment regimes Overview Since 1999, when Guinea’s trade policy was first reviewed by the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB), the 1990 Constitution has been revised in order to do away with the limit on the number of consecutive terms of office which may be served by the President of the Republic and to ensure that presidential authority lasts. As far as its trade policy is concerned, since 2003 Guinea has had a Comité National des Négociations Internationales – CNNCI (National Committee for International Negotiations), an interministerial body whose objective is to follow up work at the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ and, more generally, trade policy issues. As regards Guinea’s trade strategy, the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) adopted in January 2002 gives a key role to promoting non-mining exports, whose current share is modest (Chapter I(4)). A Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS) conducted in the context of the Integrated Framework (IF) identified the many obstacles hampering development of the private sector, in particular, a legal and regulatory framework for private transactions that is still unstable, not very clear and thus of little incentive, the poor quality of public services, insufficient access to loans and inadequate investment in infrastructure (transport, water, electricity). The DTIS led to the creation of a matrix of priority actions to be incorporated during the first review of the PRSP, which is currently under way. This matrix of actions will receive support from a °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ trade-related technical assistance programme (Annex II.1). The authorities are calling in particular for capacity building for members of the CNNCI as regards notifications, implementation of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements, the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and the cotton dossier. Guinea’s access to the subregional market has improved since the integration process within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) received a boost when negotiations were initiated with the European Union (EU) with a view to signing an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). The objective of ECOWAS is to establish an ECOWAS customs union in 2007. In order to ensure its participation in this process, Guinea introduced a new tariff in 2005, based on the Common External Tariff (CET) of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). With the exception of this reform, Guinea’s foreign trade regulatory framework has changed little since the first review in 1999, except as regards the protection of intellectual property. In 2001, Guinea ratified the revised Bangui Agreement (1999) in order to comply with the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement within the time-limits prescribed for least developed countries (LDCs). The legal framework for investment has been amended by implementing the eight uniform acts of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) in 2000, as well as by the extension of exemptions from VAT on imported equipment as of 2002 for companies approved under the Investment Code. (2) Constitutional, Legal and General Institutional Framework Under the Constitution of December 1990 (known as the "Loi fondamentale" ("Basic Law")), the Republic of Guinea, which has been independent since 28 September 1958, is a multi-party democracy. A revision of the Basic Law extending the President’s term of office from five to seven years and abolishing the limits on the number of consecutive terms that may be served by the President of the Republic was proposed by the President and approved by referendum on 11 November 2001. Since then, the President of the Republic, the Head of State, has been elected by direct universal suffrage for a renewable term of seven years. The last presidential elections were held on 21 December 2003 and resulted in the re-election of President Lansana Conté, elected in 1993 and 1998 and in power since 1984. President Conté has been the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces since January 2001. Executive power is vested in the President, who lays down the main lines of State policy and appoints the Prime Minister and other members of the Government. The current Prime Minister, Mr. Cellou Dalein Diallo, was appointed on 9 December 2004. There are 27 ministers in the Government. Central government employees in Guinea number 52,400. The National Assembly exercises legislative power and monitors the actions of the Government. It adopts legislation, including the Finance Law. Its president is elected for the term of the legislature, which is five years. One third of deputies are elected by single-ballot, single-member majority voting and two thirds from a national list by proportional representation. The last legislative elections were held on 30 June 2002. The President of the Republic and the deputies share the right to propose legislation. Draft legislation is adopted after discussion by the National Assembly and becomes law after enactment by the Head of State. Within eight days following the adoption of a law, the President of the Republic or at least one tenth of the deputies may lodge an appeal with the Supreme Court for the purpose of verifying whether it is in conformity with the Basic Law. The Government may request the National Assembly for authorization to adopt measures normally coming within the scope of ordinary law, by issuing ordinances valid for a limited period; these ordinances lapse if they are not subsequently ratified. The Economic and Social Council has the power to examine drafts or proposals for legislation and draft decrees of an economic and social nature submitted to it, with the exception of finance laws. It must be consulted on all draft legislation, plans and programmes of an economic nature. The Basic Law lays down the principle of the independence of the judiciary. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Guinea. Its president and members are appointed by decree of the President of the Republic. Rulings by the Supreme Court are not subject to appeal and are binding on the public authorities and on all administrative and jurisdictional authorities. The current judicial system dates from 1985 and was restructured in 1995 and again in 1998. As Guinea does not have any commercial court, economic matters are dealt with by the ordinary courts (with the exception of cases relating to disputes between the State and foreigners regarding application of the Investment Code (see below)). The exercise of judicial power by judges and law officers, particularly as regards business law, has been the subject of a capacity-building programme since 1998. Only the Tribunal de première instance (Court of First Instance) and the Cour d'appel de Conakry (Conakry Court of Appeal) have an economic chamber, which is the Chambre nationale d’arbitrage (National Arbitration Chamber). Justices of the peace can only rule on economic matters if the amount involved does not exceed GF 10 million. According to the Basic Law, legislation adopted by the National Assembly (for example, concerning the adoption of the new customs tariff in 2005), opinions issued by the President of the National Assembly, rulings by the Supreme Court, the responses which must be given by ministers to questions raised by deputies, are all published in the Journal Officiel de la République de Guinée (Official Journal of the Republic of Guinea), which is issued twice a month. The authorities acknowledge, however, that some trade-related decisions are not published but are communicated to the authority concerned. Local authorities have no powers as regards the taxation of companies or the exchange rate regime. (3) Trade and Investment Policy (i) Main features Guinea’s trade policy continues the economic liberalization reforms initiated in 1984 and described at the time of the first review of its trade policy in 1999. In a break with the planned economy model applied up to 1984, the objective of these reforms is to create an environment that encourages the expansion of the private sector. The State has withdrawn from the management of publicly-owned enterprises (in which it has a minority or majority holding), handing it over to private partners. With the support of the United Nations, in 1998, the authorities drew up a framework programme for support and development of the private sector with the main objective of removing the structural, regulatory, institutional and financial constraints impeding its development. The authorities accordingly convened a Round Table on Private Sector Funding from 20 to 22 May 2002, during which the general constraints on the private sector were identified, namely, the absence or inadequacy of investment loans, a banking system which does not finance medium- and long-term operations, the almost total lack of national savings that could be mobilized through traditional monetary channels, high fiscal pressure, with a tax system that favours imported over domestic products; the deficit, the excessively high cost of basic production factors (electricity, water, communications, raw materials, transport, etc.), the inadequacy of direct State aid, failure to apply the texts of the various codes enacted, the private sector’s difficulty in finding outlets and identifying and efficiently exploiting promising channels both within and outside Guinea, deficiencies in training and information of promoters (entrepreneurship, management, marketing, technological and commercial information, etc.), irksome administrative procedures and the inadequacies of the judicial system, insufficient basic economic infrastructures. Specific objectives for developing trade were updated during preparation of the PRSP and consist of promoting exports of agricultural and fisheries products, the non-mining sector, handicrafts and tourism. In addition, the Government is focusing on expansion of the mining sector, especially on-the-spot processing in order to increase the value added for the Guinean economy. The authorities also hope to encourage the creation of small- and medium-sized enterprises. The DTIS attributes the poor performance of Guinea’s exports to external and internal factors. Among the external factors, the authorities point to the trend in bauxite prices since 1982, as well as a situation in the subregion that does not encourage the development of trade with neighbouring countries. The DTIS, however, also highlights a number of internal factors that discourage investment and consequently impede the expansion of exports. These are, in particular: a legal and regulatory framework for private transactions that is still unstable, not very clear and thus of little incentive; the poor quality of public services and insufficient investment in infrastructure (water, roads and electricity). (ii) Institutional framework The Ministry of Trade, Industry and SMEs (MCIPME) is responsible for defining, implementing, monitoring and coordinating the Government’s trade and industrial policy. The MCIPME includes the following services: the Direction Nationale du Commerce et de la Concurrence – DNCC (National Trade and Competition Department), which is responsible for monitoring trade regulations, applying the trade-related provisions of international agreements and treaties, promoting exports, and collecting trade statistics; the Institut National de la Normalisation et de la Métrologie – INNM (National Standardization and Metrology Institute), which is responsible for implementing policy on standardization, metrology and quality promotion; the Service National de Contrôle de Qualité et des Normes – SNCQN (National Quality Control and Standards Service), which verifies the quality of goods according to certified standards; and the Service de la Propriété Industrielle (Industrial Property Service), which acts as the national liaison structure (NLS) for the revised Bangui Agreement (1999). The Comité National Consultatif Permanent de la Concurrence et des Prix (National Permanent Advisory Committee on Competition and Pricing), set up in 2004 under the MCIPME, is responsible for advising the Minister on the list of strategic goods and staple products, their prices and profit margins (Chapter III(4)(ii)). The Office de Promotion des Investissements Privés – OPIP (Office of Private Investment Promotion) comes under the MICPME. It assists operators wishing to invest in Guinea, receives requests for approval under the Investment Code’s preferential regimes and promotes Guinea as a destination. The Centre de Promotion et de Développement Minier – CPDM (Mining Promotion and Development Centre) has similar responsibilities for the mining sector. The CNNCI is an interministerial structure that has been responsible for Guinea’s participation in the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ since 2003 and it also monitors the trade components of the ECOWAS and ACP-EU agreements. A representative of the MCIPME acts as its secretariat. The Ministry of Cooperation (which is responsible for defining African economic integration policy) and the Ministry of the Economy and Finance (which is responsible for determining duties and taxes, fixing their rates and administering government procurement) are also involved in formulating and implementing trade and investment policy. In the area of services, the Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea (BCRG) is responsible for supervising the banking and insurance sector. Responsibility for tourism is the domain of the relevant Ministry and the Office National du Tourisme – ONT (National Tourism Board). The Guinean Copyright Office (BGDA), under the Ministry of Culture, is responsible for protecting the interests of authors of literary and artistic works and related rights. The main employers’ organizations are the Chamber of Agriculture, the Guinean Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Handicrafts (CCIAG), the Chamber of Mines, the Guinean National Employers’ Council (CNPG). The CCIAG’s opinion is sought on all matters relating to the formulation of trade policy and the policy is implemented with its cooperation. The Centre d’Appui aux Formalités d’Exportation – CAFEX (Centre for Export Formalities), set up in 1997, provides logistical support for exports of agricultural, livestock and fisheries products, as well as mining products (Chapter III(3)(v)). The Government receives advice from academic institutions and other research organizations when drawing up trade and investment policies. (iii) Instruments (a) International agreements and treaties International agreements and treaties are negotiated, signed and enacted (by decree) by the President of the Republic. Trade agreements, inter alia, can only be ratified through a law adopted by the National Assembly. It is only the approval of the treaties or agreements that is the subject of a law, but not the transposition of their provisions. The °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement was ratified according to this procedure. Treaties or agreements that have been ratified take precedence over legislation once they have been published in the Official Journal, provided that they are implemented by the other party. Such acts are immediately applicable as a law of the State and are self-executing. According to the monistic regime, the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements may be directly cited in judicial proceedings, although this has never been the case. According to information provided by the Guinean authorities, only the acts ratifying international agreements are published in the Official Journal and not the text of the agreements themselves. (b) Trade in goods Exercise of the profession of trader, an activity essential for trade in goods and services, is regulated according to the eight uniform acts of the OHADA, which reflect the provisions in the former Code of Economic Activities. The Customs Code is still in effect but is scheduled for revision in 2005. This Code, together with the annual finance laws, defines, inter alia, the framework under which the majority of import and export duties and taxes are determined and collected. According to the information provided by the authorities, Guinea revised its customs tariff entirely in 2005 as part of the revival of the ECOWAS customs union project (see below). The scope and amount of excise duties and VAT are determined in Guinea’s Tax Code, revised by the 2005 Finance Law. Guinea does not have any domestic legislation on anti-dumping, countervailing or safeguard measures. Since the first review, the general trade regime has remained unchanged as regards descriptive export applications (DDE) and descriptive import applications (DDI), introduced under the programme for guaranteeing customs revenue (PSRD) (Chapter III(2)(ii)). This programme was introduced in 1996 and entrusted to the SGS until the end of 2004; it is currently the responsibility of the customs authorities. DDIs are issued automatically except for potatoes, onions and cigarettes, as are DDEs. Guinea has had domestic legislation on product standardization and certification since 1989 and it has not changed since the first review. Procedures for awarding government procurement contracts are defined in the Government Procurement Code enacted on 3 June 1997 and unchanged since the first review (Chapter III(4)(iv)). The competition and pricing regime was drawn up in 1994 and provides for total freedom of pricing throughout Guinea, with the exception of pharmaceuticals and phytosanitary products (Chapter III(4)(ii)). This regime, however, allows the compilation of a list of strategic goods and staple products, their prices and profit margins. A list of 10 products was drawn up in 2004, but in practice only cement is subject to fixed prices and controls throughout Guinea. The provisions on anti-competitive practices by enterprises have not been implemented. (c) Trade in services The regulatory frameworks for banking and for insurance have not changed since the first review. The authorities have, however, prepared a draft new banking law to comply with the 25 basic principles of the Basel Committee. The regulatory framework for tourism dates back to 1998. The regulatory framework governing telecommunications dates from 1992, but the authorities indicate that a draft new framework is before the National Assembly. Activities in many services sectors are the responsibility of public enterprises partly or wholly controlled by the State (see Table III.4). This is the case for transport, port activities, posts and telecommunications, hotels, culture, public health and education. The State has, however, withdrawn from the management of many enterprises, which has been handed over to strategic partners. For example, the Aéroports de Paris – ADP (Paris Airports) owns 29 per cent of the capital of the Société de gestion des aéroports de Guinée – SOGEAC (Guinean Airport Management Company) and Telekom Malaysia has a 60 per cent stake in the Société des télécommunications de Guinée – SOTELGUI (Guinean Telecommunications Company), although it plans to withdraw from this partnership by the end of 2005. Activities in other services sectors are carried out by private operators, subject to the relevant provisions of commercial law, taxation, etc. (d) Intellectual property protection Guinea is a member of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) set up under the Bangui Agreement (1977), which was revised in 1999 to bring it into line with the TRIPS Agreement. Guinea ratified the Bangui Agreement (1999) on 13 July 2001. The revised Agreement, together with Annexes I to VIII, entered into force on 28 February 2002 (Chapter III(4)(i)); the OAPI’s Administrative Council has deferred the entry into force of Annexes IX and X on layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits and new plant varieties respectively for reasons of technical competence and lack of the necessary infrastructure. For each of its member States, the OAPI acts as the national industrial property service and provides a common system of administrative procedures for registering rights. The Industrial Property Service within the MCIPME acts as the national liaison structure (NLS) for the purposes of OAPI. Under the OAPI, national offices or societies administer copyright and under the regime adopted in 1980 in Guinea this is the responsibility of the BGDA (Chapter III(4)(i)). Guinea has not yet adopted a new regime for copyright, neighbouring rights and related rights in order to bring the domestic regulations into line with those in the revised Bangui Agreement (1999). The national authorities are responsible for protecting intellectual property rights. In addition to the Industrial Property Service and the BGDA, the customs authorities, the police, the courts, etc. all have competence in this area. (e) Investment The purpose of the Investment Code is to encourage foreign investment in order to foster the creation of a network of SMEs/SMIs to develop local resources and promote exports. Companies engaging in mining prospection and operations are governed by the Mining Code and the provisions on incentives are set out under the relevant agreements (Chapter IV(3)(ii)). The authorities intend to harmonize the provisions on tax incentives applicable to mining and non-mining enterprises. The Investment Code guarantees private and government enterprises, whether domestic or foreign, the same rights and obligations. It also guarantees foreign natural or legal persons freedom to transfer capital, revenue and wages. Guinea has concluded and ratified five bilateral investment agreements and several more are being concluded and/or ratified. It is the task of the OPIP to receive potential investors in Guinea and to promote Guinea abroad. The OPIP may complete administrative, legal and tax formalities on behalf of promoters, as well as other requirements applicable to enterprises and companies under the regulations in effect, defined by the eight uniform acts of the OHADA, which have applied in Guinea since 20 November 2000. In May 2002, the single window function was transferred to the registries of the courts of first instance. The OPIP meets twice a month. It receives requests for approval under the preferential regimes of the Investment Code, which confer eligibility for tax, customs or other benefits. The OPIP centralizes the procedures and examination of applications made to the Commission nationale des investissements (National Investment Commission) and decides on the eligibility of projects to create or expand enterprises under the Investment Code regimes. Approval takes the form of a decree by the Minister for Industry (with no cosignatory) and is given within a maximum of one month. The list of goods exempt from duties and taxes is attached to the decree to meet the requirements of the authorities concerned. All relevant information is made public. In order to receive benefits under the Investment Code, enterprises must belong to the priority sectors, but the list is not exhaustive and may be amended (Table II.1). In addition to the common incentives regime, four other preferential regimes are available: the regime for small and medium-sized enterprises, the regime for exporting enterprises, the regime for enterprises developing local natural resources and raw materials, enterprises established in economically less developed zones (outside Conakry). It is possible to obtain approval under several regimes provided that the criteria are met in each case and this is quite common. According to the authorities, the main advantage of approval is exemption from VAT on the equipment needed during the start-up period or to extend the investment (with the exception of automobiles), an important amendment to the Code made under the 2002 Finance Law. Table II.1 Investment Code – benefits under preferential regimes SME regimeExporting enterprises regimeRegime for enterprises developing natural resources Enterprises established in less developed zonesCriteriaAssets of GF 15 to 500 millionaAt least 5 jobsEnterprises whose export turnover accounts for over 22% of total turnoverCost of intermediate consumption of Guinean origin exceeds 50% of total costs The country is divided into four zones: 1-2-3-4bProduction enterprise in which at least 90% of the personnel work in the zoneService enterprise whose actual head office and principal area of activity are in the zonePriority sectorsAgriculture, industrial processing, stockbreeding and fishing, fertilizer production, health and education enterprises, tourism facilities and industries, social housing promotion, investment banks or any other loan establishment outside zone 1 (Conakry)GuaranteesEqual treatment for natural and legal persons, as well as for foreigners and Guinean nationalsFreedom to transfer capitalFreedom of establishment, management, movementGuinea has signed the ACP-EU, ICSID, MIGA and OHADA AgreementsCommon benefits Exemption from duties and taxes (including VAT) on imports of goods, equipment and tools needed for the investment during the start-up period or for its extension (with the exception of automobiles) A single import duty of 6 per cent on raw materials used directly in product manufacture Exemption from the taxable base for the Impôt sur les Bénéfices Industriels et Commerciaux – IBIC (Tax on Industrial and Commercial Profits) or the IS for 3 to 8 years depending on the zone in which the enterprise is situated and a reduction of 50% during the first tax year and 25% during the second following the period of exemption Exemption from the apprenticeship tax and the flat rate on salaries for 5 years and 50% reduction of this tax during the following 3 yearsTax on industrial and commercial profits (IBIC)Other benefits20% (instead of 35%) for 5 yearsExemption from the flat-rate minimum tax for 3 years Exemption for 5 years according to the export turnover/total turnover ratio, but a maximum of 60% of profitsReduction in the taxable base of the IBIC equivalent to 20% of the value of intermediate consumption of Guinean origin for the first 5 yearsExemption from the IBIC for 3 to 8 years depending on the zone in which the enterprise is situated Reduction of 20 to 60% of VAT for 5 years depending on the zone in which the enterprise is situateda The BCRG publishes the reference rate for the Guinean franc. b Zone 1: the region of Conakry and the prefectures of Coyah, Dubréka, Forécariah and Boké; Zone 2: the prefectures of Boffa, Fria, Kindia, Mamou, Dalaba, Pita, Labé, Dabola and Faranah; Zone 3: the prefectures of Kissidougou, Guéckédou, Kankan, Macenta, N’Zérékoré, Kouroussa and Télimilé; Zone 4: the prefectures of Koundara, Gaoual, Mali, Lélouna, Tougué, Koubia, Lola, Sguri, Dinguiraye, Mandiana, Kérouané, Beyla and Yomou. Source: Guinean authorities. According to data for 1999-2003 provided by the Guinean authorities, 124 projects have been approved under the Investment Code, representing a total of GF 202 billion and the creation of 4,467 jobs. In the majority of cases, the promoters of approved projects are Guinean nationals. The following are the requirements for the entry and residence of foreigners: a Guinean visa must be obtained for visits of less than three months, except in the case of citizens of ECOWAS countries, Algeria, Cuba, Egypt, Morocco, Romania, Tunisia and the United Republic of Tanzania. A foreigner wishing to stay for more than three months has to obtain several documents; if he wishes to work, he must apply to the Agence guinéenne pour la promotion de l’emploi (Guinean Employment Promotion Agency) in order to obtain the necessary work permit. (4) Trade Policy Framework Agreements (i) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ (a) Multilateral agreements Guinea ratified the Agreement Establishing the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ on 25 September 1995 and became a Member on 25 October 1995. It has been recognized as a least developed country (LDC). It is not a party to any plurilateral agreement. Guinea’s Schedule CXXXVI contains the commitments made in the Uruguay Round, as well as the bindings made by France on behalf of French West Africa (A.O.F.) during the colonial era. Guinea bound its import customs duty (DDE) on agricultural products at 40 per cent (with the exception of those products already included in Guinea’s Schedule CXXXVI, which are subject to bound duties below 40 per cent). Customs tariffs on other (non-agricultural) products have not been bound, with the exception of Chapters 45 (cork and articles of cork), 47 (pulp of wood or of other cellulosic material), 66 (umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking sticks, etc.), and 86 (vehicles or equipment for railways or similar). The DDE for products in these chapters has been bound at 40, 20, 30 and 25 per cent respectively. Under "other duties and taxes", Guinea applies a 2 per cent tax in the form of a redevance pour traitement de liquidation – RTL (clearance fee). The Secretariat’s analysis of the relationship between the bindings and the rates applied under the new customs tariff of 2005 shows that for 627 lines the bound rates have been exceeded (Chapter III(2)(iv)(a)). Guinea is experiencing problems in implementing the Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the GATT 1994 (Customs Valuation Agreement). At the time of the first review in 1999, the authorities had not implemented the Agreement and had not sought the deferred application provided for developing countries under Article 20 of the Agreement. To date, no steps have been taken in the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ in this regard. The authorities explain that they are examining the question of implementation. Guinea also appears to have problems in updating notifications (Table II.2). At the time of the first review in 1999, the authorities submitted three notifications indicating the absence of laws or regulations on countervailing, safeguard and anti-dumping measures and one notification on the absence of any State-trading operations. Since then, only one notification on preshipment inspection has been made, together with a notification confirming once again that there are no State-trading operations. However, two communications were sent to the integrated database (IDB) regarding tariff data for 1998 and statistics on imports in 2001. Guinea’s Schedule of Specific Commitments under the GATS (GATS/SC/102) concerns the supply of certain professional services through the presence of natural persons and some tourism-related services (Chapter IV(4)(iii)). Guinea did not take part in the negotiations on basic telecommunications services, which ended in 1997, nor in those on financial services, concluded in 1998. Guinea has no final list of Article 2 (MFN) exemptions under the GATS. Since 1995, Guinea has relied on the transitional provisions under Article 66 of the TRIPS Agreement (applicable to LDCs) in order to defer full application of the Agreement until 2006 (except for Articles 3, 4 and 5). Guinea has not yet notified the revised Bangui Agreement and Annexes I to VIII thereto, which entered into force on 28 February 2002. Table II.2 Selection of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ documents relating to Guinea, July 2005 Agreement°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ documentContentMultilateral agreements on trade in goodsGATT 1994Schedule CXXXVI – Guinea, March 1995Tariff concessions/bindingsAgreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 – Article 18.5G/ADP/N/1/GIN/1 of 17 January 1996Absence of laws or regulationsAgreement on Preshipment InspectionG/PSI/N/1/Add.10 of 19 July 2004Laws and regulationsState tradingG/STR/N/1/GIN/1 of 22 January 1996G/STR/N/7/GIN; G/STR/N/8/GIN; G/STR/N/9/GIN of 24 March 2003Absence of State tradingAgreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures – Article 32.6G/SCM/N/1/GIN/1 of 17 January 1996Absence of laws or regulationsAgreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures – Article 25.1G/SCM/N/95/GIN of 20 March 2003Absence of subsidiesAgreement on Safeguard MeasuresG/SG/N/1/GIN/1 of 17 January 1996Absence of laws or regulationsGeneral Agreement on Trade in ServicesGATS/SC/102 of 30 August 1995Schedule of Specific Commitments on servicesTrade-related aspects of intellectual property rightsArticle 69IP/N/3/Rev.2 of 22 July 1996Enquiry pointSource: °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Secretariat. (b) Participation in °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ activities Guinean representatives took an active part in the ministerial conferences in Doha (2001) and Cancún (2003). In the context of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), Guinea supports the position of developing countries, LDCs and ACP countries on implementation issues as well as strengthening of technical cooperation. Guinea is entitled to participate in the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ trade policy courses and has received technical assistance from the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ. Additional trade-related technical assistance could be envisaged (Annex II.1) in order to underpin the process under the restructured IF. (ii) Regional economic agreements (a) African Union The achievement of African unity is one of Guinea’s fundamental objectives. Guinea is a founding member of the African Union, which succeeded the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Ultimately, the African Union will be an economic and monetary union with the following institutions in addition to the Conference of Heads of State and Government and the Council of Ministers: the Peace and Security Council (Protocol being ratified), the Commission (created in July 2003), the Pan-African Parliament (Protocol being ratified), a Central Bank, a Monetary Fund, the African Investment Bank, the Court of Justice (Statute prepared), the Economic, Social and Cultural Council (Statute prepared) and technical commissions. The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), adopted at the summit in Lusaka (Zambia), is an AU programme administered by ECOWAS at the subregional level. (b) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Guinea is a founding member of ECOWAS, whose Treaty was revised in 1993 in order to revive the economic integration process. Following this revision, the institutional framework of the ECOWAS comprises the following, in addition to the Conference of Heads of State and Government: the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Economic and Social Council (being established), the Court of Justice, the Executive Secretariat, the Bank for Investment and Development, the Central Bank (being established) and technical commissions. The 1993 revision of the Treaty also set the objective of a customs union in 2000 and envisaged the creation of an economic and monetary union in 2004. The timetable for the customs union has not been respected, except as regards the liberalization of trade in unprocessed products and handicrafts (although some member countries do not respect the relevant provisions), in particular, the single Trade Liberalization Scheme (TLS) covering industrial products. In 2000, the Executive Secretariat noted that " … the non-application of the trade liberalization scheme constitutes a most glaring failure for ECOWAS" and indicated that intra-community trade only accounted for 11 per cent of members’ total trade. In order to turn the situation around, the economic integration process was given renewed impetus in 1999 through the gradual elimination of tariff barriers to industrial products originating in ECOWAS. The new timetable for the TLS includes the creation of a "free-trade zone" as of 1 January 2004. The steps taken include the creation of a mechanism to compensate for the loss of customs revenue caused by the preferential regime and the adoption of rules of origin harmonized with those of the WAEMU. The harmonization measures also cover definition of value added, approval procedures and related documents (for example, certificates of origin). In June 2004, 774 enterprises and 2,433 products had been approved under the TLS. Guinea is one of the ECOWAS member countries outside the franc zone involved in the establishment of the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), which has been deferred until 1 December 2009 in view of the poor performance by member States as regards achievement of the convergence criteria (Chapter I(3)(iii)(c)). According to the ECOWAS programme, the customs union will come into effect in 2007, in line with the timetable for the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU (see below) on the basis of an ECOWAS CET. In principle, ECOWAS members that do not belong to the WAEMU must introduce a customs tariff harmonized with the WAEMU’s CET as of 2005, and Guinea has done this. The convergence of the national customs tariffs of ECOWAS members towards a CET is planned for the period 2005-2006. Together with the WAEMU Commission, ECOWAS is involved in negotiations with the EU on the conclusion of an EPA (see below). ECOWAS is also the focal point for implementation of the NEPAD project. In cooperation with donors, ECOWAS has launched numerous projects to complete the communications, energy, transport and tourism networks in the subregion and make them interoperable (inter alia, the West Africa Energy Pool (WAEP) project). ECOWAS is also responsible for settling disputes in the subregion (for example, in Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau). (c) Mano River Union (MRU) The MRU is an economic community originally set up by Liberia and Sierra Leone on 3 October 1973 and then expanded to include Guinea in 1979. The Declaration establishing the MRU provides for the gradual creation of a customs union and the promotion of community development projects in all sectors, including services. Because of the situation in the subregion, the MRU’s activities were virtually frozen in 1994, but it would appear that the stabilization of the situation could lead to a revival of the MRU in a broader context, with the participation of Côte d’Ivoire and Mali. (d) ACP-EU Partnership Agreement Guinea is one of the 79 ACP countries with which the EU has signed a Partnership Agreement, which provisionally entered into force on 1 March 2000. The Agreement’s trade provisions are one of the mechanisms for cooperation between the ACP countries and the EU. The latter allows industrial products and processed agricultural products originating in 78 ACP countries (except South Africa) to enter duty free without reciprocity. The °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Members have granted these countries a waiver from the EU’s obligations under Article I.1 of the GATT 1994 (concerning MFN treatment) for the period 1 March 2000 to 31 December 2007, by which time new trading arrangements consistent with the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ’s rules must have been concluded. Under the Cotonou Agreement, these arrangements will be in the form of an EPA between the EU and various regional groups. The EU considers that the EPA negotiations will strengthen the regional integration process within the ECOWAS (see above). On 27 September 2002, the EU launched the EPA negotiations: the first stage involved all the ACP countries and the EU and covered horizontal issues of interest to all parties; the second stage began with negotiations with the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) on 4 October 2003 and with West African countries represented by ECOWAS, in collaboration with the WAEMU, on 6 October 2003. On 4 August 2004, the ECOWAS Ministers for Trade adopted their roadmap for the negotiations, which envisages, inter alia, the establishment of a free-trade zone between ECOWAS and the EU in accordance with °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ rules over a period of 12 years starting in January 2008. (e) Bilateral trade agreements Guinea has signed bilateral trade agreements with the following countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Senegal, Gambia, Turkey and China. Only the agreement with Morocco contains preferential provisions. ANNEX II.1: TRADE-RELATED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE (1) Overview Since the first trade policy review in 1999, Guinea has benefited from many actions carried out by the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ, the IMF and the World Bank, as well as organizations in the United Nations system, particularly UNCTAD, the ICC and UNDP, to foster the development of its international trade. Guinea takes part in the restructured Integrated Framework (IF), under which an Action Plan has been drawn up and endorsed by the authorities. Under this Plan, the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ scheduled a number of actions on behalf of Guinea in 2004 and 2005 and future actions are envisaged. (2) Actions Carried Out by the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Since 1995 In order to accelerate growth and alleviate the effects of poverty, Guinea adopted a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) in 2002. One of the Strategy’s cornerstones is strong economic growth based in particular on the promotion of non-mining exports. Guinea has applied to participate in the restructured IF in order to identify reforms capable of boosting growth in sectors with export potential and to define a plan of action, together with priorities. In this context, a Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS) was conducted in August 2003. The Study led to the preparation and endorsement of an action plan in November 2003 and this will be incorporated into the PRSP currently being revised. The Action Plan provides for short-term, medium-term and long-term objectives and reforms. The objectives are defined according to their contribution both to the development of trade and to the poverty reduction strategy, which is the essentially new element in the restructured IF approach. The aim is to strengthen regional integration and competitiveness, as well as to establish an institutional framework that encourages growth in exports, to reinforce action by the customs authorities, to lessen the number of obstacles at the infrastructure level, which are hampering Guinea’s integration, and to exploit the export potential afforded by agricultural and fisheries products, as well as handicrafts and tourism, as the development of these sectors has a particularly marked effect on poverty reduction. The actions carried out by the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ in Guinea focus on four main areas: the development of human resources, institutional strengthening, support for the implementation of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements, and support for participation by the authorities in the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). Regarding the latter, the objective is to gain a better understanding of what is at stake, a clearer vision of Guinea’s objectives and to prepare a negotiating strategy. Guinea took an active part in the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Ministerial Conferences in Doha and Cancún. Between the first review in 1999 and the end of 2004, Guinean officials took part in 89 activities organized by the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ, including 20 seminars (three national, 17 regional), workshops (one national, 26 regional), training courses (two national, 17 regional), four technical missions in Guinea and 19 other activities. These activities focused on the following issues: trade and the environment, the Integrated Database and the Consolidated Tariff Schedule (CTS), the DDA and preparations for Cancún, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, the GATS, agriculture, dispute settlement practices and procedures, market access, customs valuation, °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ rules on safeguard, anti-dumping and countervailing measures, trade policy review, textiles, notifications, the reference centre, the implementation of rules, trade and competition, trade and investment, government procurement, regional workshop on cotton, special and differential treatment, trade-related intellectual property rights, and trade negotiating techniques. Moreover, during the same period, three officials took part in the trade policy courses organized by the Training Institute in Geneva (one additional person is envisaged in 2005). A workshop on the trade policy review mechanism was held in Conakry on 8 November 2004 when the process of reviewing Guinea’s trade policy for the second time was initiated. At the support infrastructure level, the reference centre established in February 1998 was updated in June 2004. The centre, located on the premises of the Ministry of Trade, is operational and is used by the Ministry’s officials. (3) Actions Planned by the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ for 2005 The °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ has included several activities for French-speaking African LDCs in its technical assistance and training plan for 2005, and Guinean officials may take part in these, particularly the trade policy courses in Geneva and a regional seminar. (4) Actions Requested by the Authorities The Guinean authorities have sent to the Secretariat a full list of Guinea’s objectives and needs for trade-related technical assistance. The main objective is to build the capacity of the Comité National des Négociations Internationales – CNNCI (National Committee for International Negotiations), an interministerial structure whose objective is to follow work at the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ and, more generally, trade policy issues. The priority areas are: implementation of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements on sanitary and phytosanitary measures, geographical indications, competition, anti-dumping measures, intellectual property (especially questions related to essential medicines), food security, notifications, as well as the DDA and the question of Guinean cotton. Strengthening of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ reference centre and/or the establishment of a second centre would also be welcome. The authorities hope possibly to receive material support for the improvement of security at the Autonomous Port of Conakry and for the purchase of ASYCUDA++ by Customs, which the authorities have defined as a prerequisite for the implementation of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement on Customs Valuation. The authorities would also like to be able to promote awareness of trade policy issues among decision-makers dealing with trade policy and among economic operators. Government of Guinea (2002); Government of Guinea, Ministry of the Economy and Finance (2004a); IMF (2004a). The documents prepared in the context of the Integrated Framework are available at http://www.integratedframework.org [17 September 2004]. According to the former Article 24 of the Constitution of December 1990, the President of the Republic was elected by direct universal suffrage for a term of five years, renewable once only. This provision was intended to encourage rotation of the presidency and the move towards democratization (see "Les articles amendés de la constitution guinéenne", Afrique-express, No. 239 of 20 November 2001. Available at: http://www.afrique-express.com [16 November 2004]. "As the leaders of the opposition consider that this presidential election does not offer any guarantees of transparency, they have decided to boycott the election." Afrique-express, No. 289 of 9 March 2004. Available at: http://www.afrique-express.com [16 November 2004]. Decree No. 2004/081/PRG/SCG of 9 December 2004. Since 1992, three enabling laws have been adopted in 1992, 1993 and 1997. "Judicial power is independent of the Executive and the Legislature. It is exercised solely by the courts and tribunals" (Article 80 of the 1990 Constitution). Ordinances No. 109/85 and No. 110/85 of 5 July 1985. Law No. L/95/021/CTRN of 6 June 1995, as amended by Law No. L/98/014/AN of 16 June 1998. See http://www.snu-gn.org/CD-ENV/Justiceweb/Orgjudic.html [17 November 2004]. Decree No. D/98/026 of 10 February 1998 establishing the Training and Documentation Centre. Available at: http://www.enm.justice.fr/relations_internationales/ecoles/guinee/guinee.htm [17 November 2004]. There is no on-line version. Ministry of Trade, Industry and SMEs, "Contraintes Générales du Secteur Privé". Available at: http://www.mirinet.net.gn/investgn/indexfr.htm. The main source was the Integrated Framework (2003), Volume 1, Chapter 2.3. Decree No. 96/111/PRG/SGG of 29 August 1996 defining the responsibilities of all ministerial departments. Available at: http://www.mirinet.net.gn/opip/. Order No. 4293/MCIPME/SGG/02 of 23 August 2002. Law No. L/94/018/CTRN of 1 June 1994. Available at: http://www.mirinet.com.ont. The National Private Sector Council (CNSP), which comprised foreign investors, was abolished in 2004. Title VI of the 1990 Constitution. Laws No. L/2/043/CTRN of 8 December 1992, No. L/94/017/CTRN of 1 June 1994 and No. L/94/020/CTRN of 8 July 1994. Ordinance No. 094/PRG/SGG of 28 November 1990. °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ documents G/ADP/N/1/GIN/1; G/SCM/N/1/GIN/1; and G/SG/N/GIN/1 of 17 January 1996. Decrees No. 96/095/PRG/SGG of 27 June 1996 and No. D99/069/PRG/SGG of 30 July 1999 (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ document G/PSI/N/1/Add.10 of 19 July 2004). Ordinance No. 036/PRG/SGG/89 of 20 May 1989, Decree No. 105/PRG/SGG/89 of 20 May 1989, Decree No. 93/PRG/SGG of 20 July 1993, Law No. 93/040/CTRN of 15 October 1993, and Decree No. D/93/209/PRG/SGG of 21 October 1993. Law No. L/97/016/AN and Decree No. D/97/250/PRG/SGG of 3 November 1997. Law No. L/94/40/CTRN and implementing decree No. D/94/119/PRG/SGG of 28 December 1994. Order No. 7058/MCIPME/SGG/04 of 1 July 2004. Law No. L/94/017/CTRN of 1 June 1994. Law No. L/95/022/CTRN of 12 June 1995. Decree No. D/98/54/PRG/SGG of 25 March 1998. Law No. L/92/016/CTRN of 2 June 1992. The OAPI also includes Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo. See the OAPI site: http://www.oapi.wipo.net. Law No. L/2001/007 of 11 June2001. The texts cover patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, trade names, geographical indications, literary and artistic property and protection against unfair competition. Law No. 043/APNICP/80 of 9 August 1980 and Decree No. 442/PRG/80 of 15 September 1980. The main sources consulted were the documents provided by the OPIP. Ordinance No. 001/PRG/87 and Decree No. 001/PRG/87, revised by Law No. L/95/029/CTRN of 30 June 1995, the 2002 Finance Law and Law No. L/2003/005/AN of 24 March 2003. Law No. L/95/036/CTRN of 30 June 1995. Benin, Cameroon, Mali, Mauritania and Mauritius. According to the OPIP, 74 per cent of the projects approved from 1998 to 2000 qualified for two special regimes. Multiple entry visas, valid for six months (GF 100,000 (US$ 50)); long-stay visa, valid for one year (GF 200,000 (US$ 100)); foreign resident’s permit or foreign expert’s permit, valid for one year (GF 400,000 and GF 100,000 (US$ 200 and US$ 50)); a foreign resident’s authorization: GF 50,000 (US$ 25), to be requested from the Direction Générale de la Police de l'Air et des Frontières (General Department of Air and Border Police). A work permit is valid for one year and costs US$ 300. Guinea acquired the status of Contracting Party on 8 December 1994 (Article XXVI.5(c) of the GATT 1994) after having applied the GATT de facto from 24 June 1994 onwards (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ document L/7497 of 29 June 1994). Benin (Dahomey); Burkina Faso (Upper Volta); Côte d’Ivoire; Guinea; Mali (French Sudan); Mauritania; Niger; and Senegal. The fiscal import duty (DFE) had been bound at 8 per cent, but was combined with the import customs duty (DDE) to form a single import duty (DFI) (Chapter III(2)(iv)(a)). The turnover tax (TCA) had been bound at 13 per cent but no longer applies. °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ document G/MA/IDB/2/Rev.20 of 17 September 2004. °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ documents WT/MIN(01)/ST/114 of 12 November 2001 and WT/MIN(03)/ST/119 of 13 September 2003. Available at: http://www.africa-union.org. Preamble to the 1990 Constitution. The Charter establishing the OAU was signed on 25 May 1963. The Constitutive Act of the African Union was adopted at the summit of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in July 2000 in Lomé (Togo). The African Union, which has now replaced the OAU, was proclaimed on 11 July 2001 in Lusaka, Zambia, after ratification of the Constitutive Act by over 44 of the 53 members of the OAU. The Durban Summit, held in 2002, launched the African Union. Available [on line] at: http://www.ecowas.int. The Treaty establishing ECOWAS was signed on 28 May 1975. ECOWAS currently comprises 15 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. Decision A/Dec./6/7/92. In order to be eligible for preferential treatment, industrial products must be approved by the Executive Secretariat. According to the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat (2000a): "Eight countries [out of 15] have lifted tariff barriers in respect of unprocessed products under the TLS, namely, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. However, only Benin has removed tariff barriers to trade in industrial products [from Ghana, Nigeria and Togo]". Executive Secretariat of ECOWAS (2000a). ECOWAS Press Release No. 46/1999. See also Executive Secretariat of ECOWAS (2000b), Chapter II. Protocol A/P.2/01/03. The Fund’s resources consist of a community solidarity levy (0.5 per cent of the value of imports from outside ECOWAS) paid by Guinea since 1 January 2004 and by the other members to the compensation fund established by ECOWAS. Protocol A/P.1/01/03. °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ document WT/TPR/S/132 of 24 May 2004, Chapter II. "Panel on ECOWAS trade scheme set up", 30 June 2004. Available at: http://www.nigeriafirst.org/ article_2607.shtml [28 December 2004]. Decision A/Dec.11/12/01. "Cinq dirigeants ouest-africains pour la renaissance de l’Union du fleuve Mano", 22 May 2004, in L’Intelligent. Available at: http://www.conakryonline.com [25 January 2005]. The Agreement was signed on 23 June 2000 in Cotonou, Benin, and entered into force definitively on 1 April 2003 after ratification. It replaced the Lomé Convention, which had been in effect since 1975 and whose fourth extension expired at the end of February 2000. °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ document WT/MIN(01)/15 of 14 November 2001. The waiver granted by the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ (WT/L/186), which extended the waiver under Article I (MFN) of the GATT for the Fourth Lomé Convention between the ACP countries and the EEC (GATT document L/7604), ended on 29 February 2000. According to the EU, the option of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is not on the table. It should be noted that the revised GSP scheme currently in force includes the "Everything But Arms" initiative in favour of LDCs, which came into effect on 5 March 2001, and allows duty free entry of all products except arms, with some exceptions (rice, bananas and sugar, to which transitional arrangements apply). Press Release by the Trade DG of the European Commission, 3 October 2003. Executive Secretariat of ECOWAS, Press Release No. 61 of 4 August 2004. This Annex has been prepared using, inter alia, information available in the Technical Assistance Database kept by the Training and Technical Cooperation Institute. Available at: http://www.integratedframework.org. Guinea was already one of the 12 countries that participated in the process under the Integrated Framework (IF), as originally designed in 1997 (see °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ document WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.4 of 24 October 1997). It did not participate in JITAP I (Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme) is not a participant in phase II, even though the authorities hope to participate eventually. °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ document WT/COMTD/W/133/Rev.2 of 16 December 2004. WT/TPR/S/153 Trade Policy ReviewPage PAGE 12 Republic of Guinea WT/TPR/S/153 Page PAGE 11 WT/TPR/S/153 Trade Policy ReviewPage PAGE 26 Republic of Guinea WT/TPR/S/153 Page PAGE 25 Page III. 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