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Defined as international tourists, people travel for a number of reasons. Although agglomerated regional data show certain patterns in this regards, they conceal a great complexity of individual country situations. Although, internationally, holiday travel appears to be the largest motivation, it is not always, from individual countries’ perspective and in terms of economic benefits for tourism companies and destinations, the most important part of international tourism. It also appears that the best economic results are found in providing services to business travellers, who can also spend some time of their trips at leisure by engaging in entertainment. Good results are obtained by the destinations and companies who are able to specialize and achieve competitive advantages. Comparative advantages are no longer enough. A barrier-free business environment for trade is good for tourism which in turn supports all other trade. Slide III. Transport, in particular passenger transport, is an irreplaceable component of tourism experience and part of the tourism product. Further, it is a crucial vehicle of access to travel destination services. There are notable differences among regions with respect to the use of transport modes in international tourism. Those depending on air transport are basically developing countries in South Asia, the Americas and Africa, in particular island States. Road transport is more important for Europe, and transport by sea in East Asia and the Pacific and in the Middle East. Slide IV. It is appropriate to assess the relative importance of trade in tourism services as compared to overall trade. Although it is still not possible to measure entirely the volume and structure of tourism trade, in particular with respect to all the modes of supply, we can readily compare tourism receipts (or the IMF travel item) - which largely correspond to consumption abroad, and we can compare the international passenger transport receipts - which can be related to cross-border supply, to the overall volume of trade in goods and services. This comparison shows that tourism and passenger transport receipts put together represent a considerable percentage of over 40% of internationally-traded services. By adding the not accounted for modes of supply this percentage will certainly increase and a more detailed analysis will show a great variety in this relative importance among regions and countries. Slides V and VI Arguably, developing countries have a higher propensity of this relative importance of tourism trade. Slide VII. A more important indicator of the role of international tourism is that of generator of foreign exchange earnings. Tourism has been found as: one of the top 5 export categories for as many as 83% of countries and as a main source of foreign exchange earnings for at least 38% of countries Slide VIII. By using the tourism satellite account approach we can figure out that tourism (not only international tourism) contributes: from 3 to 10 per cent to GDP in advanced diversified economies, up to 40 per cent to GDP in small island economies and developing countries and we should not tire of recalling that, as being labour-intensive, tourism creates many jobs and generates government income through taxation (as long as taxes can be collected). Slide IX. What is the actual size of our market in terms of international arrivals and international tourism receipts? We can see that it grew, accordingly, by 7.4% and 4.5 % in 2000, which represented its highest growth in nearly a decade. Slide X. In at least 28 countries international tourism expenditure grew by more than 15% a year between 1990 and 1999. Slide XI. If we look at regions, they will show a highly uneven distribution of tourism flows where Europe takes the lead and is followed at still a long distance by the Americas and East Asia and the Pacific. Slide XII. Although conventional “regions” encompass a variety of national social, economic and geographical characteristics, a similar to arrivals distribution pattern is repeated with respect to tourism receipts . In either case the share of Africa and South East Asia is especially small, which by far does not correspond to these regions’ human, environmental and cultural potential for tourism. But does the corresponding demand exist to request their tourism products? Or, taken differently, do the present distribution channels make access to their products easy and stimulating? Slides XIII and XIV. The analysis of tourism’s variables: economic, demographic and technological, augurs its further numerical development. In 2020 the number of international tourism arrivals is expected to reach almost 1.6 billion. However, if the present economic and societal trends continue, still no more than 7% of world population only will have effective access to international travel. Slide XV. This can be deducted from the fact that as many as 76 countries have been identified as having spent less than US$25 per capita for international tourism in 1998, and only 17 more than US$600. Nevertheless, the notion of international travel, that is between Nation-States, will become more and more obsolete. The distinction between intra-regional, short-haul and long-haul travel will become more important. Already today people perceive that they really travel to specific, particularly local, destinations and it is such destinations, not whole countries, that compete for both the international and domestic visitor. (Local destinations can also embrace an area shared by a few countries). Also: Those who manage local destinations will look not so much into maximizing the numbers of arrivals and the volume of receipts, but rather into net tourism economic outputs and social effects of supplying services to visitors from abroad and from their own country. -Those who will run and own distribution channels and will supply services, will look into securing their commercial and investment benefits and will hope to sustain them on a long term. Both goals are therefore likely to meet at one point. Slide XVI. This brings us to conclusions. How does this picture of international tourism relate to trade liberalization in developing countries and to tourism megatrends? How can developing countries increase their share in tourism trade and obtain greater benefits? In the face of globalization, they will have to: define or redefine their tourism policies and adopt or review their tourism development plans view the tourism sector not in a sectarian and traditionally narrow but comprehensive way, in particular to recognize the interdependence between the production and delivery of services at destinations and their access and distribution channels protect the uniqueness of their tourism resources to allow their use in a sustained manner over long periods recognize and apply sustainability disciplines in tourism development provide for competitive and cluster approaches to business activities at tourism destinations, i.e. for creating a dense network of mutually-supporting tourism-related businesses recognize and incorporate trade measures as part of tourism policies put in place mechanisms to actually carry out, implement and coordinate such tourism policy measures. Slide XVII. With respect to their tourism product, the developing countries, and their respective tourism companies therefore, each according to its unique characteristics, will have to: adapt to demand, influence tourist demand and specialize to acquire competitive advantages: It is possible to choose from as many as almost 100 market segments in tourism! enter the benchmarking systems to monitor competition put in place systems to allow measurement and assessment of sustainability and quality educate and empower tourism staff to influence tourist behaviour, identify risk and raise awareness make use of new information technologies to inform and encourage the potential and actual visitor and to monitor the development of their tourism activities. GATS and trade negotiations refer to the core of tourism business and policy. Therefore, they represent an irreplaceable opportunity for developing countries to see more clearly the need for informed tourism policy measures and their implementation, an opportunity which should not be missed. Slide XVIII. Thank you for your attention. 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