°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ ANALYTICAL INDEX: INDEX
Index
The following index covers the body text of this book but not the text of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements. Disputes have been indexed under the name of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Member respondent in the dispute and under the subject matter.
C
Enabling Clause notifications
GSP schemes GATT 63
special treatment of least-developed countries GATT 79
Canada — Aircraft Credits and Guarantees (Panel), WT/DS139/R and Corr.1, DSR 2002:III
developing countries (SCM 27), Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I item (k)) and SCM 526
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a)), size of domestic market, relevance SCM 147
“contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a)) (general) SCM 125
OECDD Arrangement, compliance with, relevance SCM 79
knowledge or expectation, sufficiency, knowledge or expectation, sufficiency SCM 138
GATT Subsidies Code, limited nature of provisions SCM 702
good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10), obligation to provide information on request (DXU 13.1) and DSU 117
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credit guarantee or insurance (item (j)), as contextual guidance SCM 615
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)), burden of proof SCM 661
“safe haven” (international undertaking (item (k), second paragraph))
legislation as such (mandatory/discretionary distinction) SCM 663
matching derogation, permissibility SCM 658–9
information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2), “from any individual or body”, good faith obligation (DSU 3.10) and DSU 117
legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4), mandatory/ discretionary legislation, distinguishability, affirmative defence (SCM Illustrative List item (k)) and SCM 663
loan guarantees, as benefit (SCM 14(c)) SCM 93, 414–15
relationships within and between agreements
DSU 23.1/SCM SCM 700, DSU 1296
SCM 1.1(b)/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 73
SCM 1.1(b)/SCM 14(c) SCM 93
SCM Agreement, GATT Subsidies Code and SCM 702
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14)
“b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù”, provision of services not available in the market SCM 80
burden of proof, rebuttal of prima facie case SCM 91
loan guarantees (SCM 14(c)) SCM 93, 414–15
OECD Arrangement, relevance of compliance with SCM 79
“recipient of a benefit” SCM 65
subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge (mandatory/ discretionary distinction) SCM 71–5, 663
assessment of mandatory nature DSU 293 n. 466
order of analysis SCM 72
SCM 3.1(a) as “substantive context” SCM 73
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(b)) (conferral of benefit), fiscal advantages, relevance SCM 78
unilateral action by Member, prohibition (DSU 23.1) SCM 700, DSU 1297
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7), “without delay”, obligation of panel to specify time-period SCM 214
Canada — Aircraft Credits and Guarantees (Article 22.6 — Canada), DS222/RB, DSR 2003:III
arbitration (DSU 22.6)
burden of proof, SCM 4.11 arbitrations DSU 586
scope of review/arbitrators’ mandate/task (DSU 22.7), rejection of proposed level of suspension and DSU 1259
timing in relation to Article 21.5 arbitration DSU 1176
working procedures DSU 1212
late submission of evidence DSU 729
opportunity to comment, need for DSU 729
new argumentation, cut-off date DSU 730
burden of proof (general rules)
Article 22.6 arbitrations DSU 586
Article 22.6 arbitrations under SCM 4.11 DSU 586
cooperation of parties and DSU 586
onus probandi actori incumbit DSU 586
business confidential information (DSU 18.2) (BCI), ex parte communications with panel or AB (DSU 18.1) and DSU 9907
countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10)
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and (SCM 4.11), burden of proof DSU 586
inducement of compliance as objective DSU 1179
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
late submission of evidence DSU 729
new argumentation, cut-off date DSU 730
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 342 n. 552
ex parte communications with panel or AB (DSU 18.1), BCI (DSU 18.2) and DSU 907
nature and purpose of countermeasures DSU 1179
“or other obligations”, authorization to suspend (DSU 22.2) DSU 1192
relationships within and between agreements
DSU 22.6/SCM 4.10 and 4.11 DSU 586
level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4), reasoned estimates, need for DSU 1228
“or other obligations”, authorization to suspend (DSU 22.2), obligations under LIC DSU 1192, 1270
as temporary measure (DSU 22.8) DSU 1179
suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22), agreement to DSU 1192, 1270
termination of treaty for breach (VCLT 60), rights created prior to, effect on (VCLT 70) DSU 1176, 1673
Canada — Aircraft dispute (WT/DS70)
relationships within and between agreements, AIR 6/SCM AIR 23
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5), ad hoc procedural agreements, establishment of panels DSU 1170
SCM and AIR 23
Canada — Aircraft (AB), WT/DS70/AB/R, DSR 1999:IV
adverse inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw (DSU 13) DSU 561
burden of proof and DSU 559–60
discretionary nature DSU 561
as general principle of international tribunal practice DSU 561
burden of proof (general rules)
adverse inferences (DSU 13) and DSU 559–60
prima facie case requirement
business confidential information (BCI), additional procedures, AB DSU 920
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU14/DSU17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 914, 919
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/WP 3), adverse inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw (DSU 13) and DSU 561
evidence, acceptability as for “objective assessment” (DSU 11) purposes, circumstantial evidence DSU 633
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent … upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 3.1(b)), de facto contingency SCM 165
“contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a))
“anticipated” (SCM 3.1(a) footnote 4) SCM 136
“but for” test SCM 134
case-by-case approach SCM 143
“grant or maintain” (SCM 3.1 footnote 4) SCM 136
knowledge or expectation, sufficiency SCM 144
“tied to” (SCM 3.1(a) footnote 4) SCM 133, 144
“contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a)) (general), “contingent” SCM 126
good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10), obligation to provide information on request (DXU 13.1) and DSU 116
information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2)
“from any individual or body”
good faith obligation (DSU 3.10) and DSU 116
parties DSU 747
prompt and full response requirement DSU 761–2
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
dictionaries SCM 136
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) SCM 135
judicial economy, adverse inferences and DSU 561
loan guarantees, as benefit (SCM 14(c)) SCM 415
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù” (SCM 1.1(b)) SCM 59
“confer” (SCM 1.1(b)) SCM 59
“contingent” (SCM 3.1) SCM 135, 165
“tied to” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM 133, 136
relationships within and between agreements
SCM 1.1(b)/SCM 14 SCM 59, 87, 92
SCM 1.1(b)/SCM Annex IV SCM 96
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), new arguments DSU 855
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of the facts” /alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence, circumstantial evidence DSU 633
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14)
“b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù” (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 59, 87, 92
loan guarantees (SCM 14(c)) SCM 415
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(b)) (conferral of benefit)
“b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù”
cost to government, relevance SCM 59
market test SCM 61
SCM Annex IV and SCM 96
third party rights (DSU 10 and Appendix 3), single panel proceedings (DSU 9.1) DSU 515
Canada — Aircraft (Panel), WT/DS70/R, DSR 1999:IV
accelerated/expedited procedures, consultations (SCM 4.1–4), statement of evidence (SCM 4.2) and SCM 188–90, 191
business confidential information (BCI), additional procedures, panel (DSU 12.1) DSU 687, 919
consultations (SCM 4.1–4)
accelerated/expedited procedures (SCM 4.3), statement of evidence (SCM 4.2) and SCM 188–90, 191
object and purpose, clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 203
“statement of available evidence” (SCM 4.2), request for establishment of panel (SCM 4.4) distinguished SCM 191
³Ù¾±³¾±ð–l¾±³¾¾±³Ù²õ
new evidence SCM 188
new evidence and allegations DSU 624
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties SCM 188, 190
timing of submission of evidence (DS 12) and DSU 624
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 377
evidence (panel) (DSU 12)
³Ù¾±³¾±ð–l¾±³¾¾±³Ù²õ for submission
absence of provision (Working Procedures (Appendix 3)) SCM 188–90, 191
accelerated procedures (SCM 4.3) and SCM 188–90, 191
affirmative defence (SCM 3.1) DSU 731
panel’s right to admit “late” /new evidence DSU 623–8, 624
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a))
case-by-case approach SCM 143
“tied to” (SCM 3.1(a) footnote 4) SCM 133, 143
“contingent in law …” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM 129
“contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a)) (general), “export performance” SCM 149
knowledge or expectation, sufficiency, knowledge or expectation, sufficiency SCM 133, 137, 143, 146
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2)
identification of industry, need for DSU 233
identity with specific measure the subject of consultations, relevance SCM 203
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)), “b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù” (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 94
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, object and purpose, caution in use of DSU 1569
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1)
arguments distinguished DSU 624
clarification of claim during proceedings DSU 348
summary “sufficient to present the problem clearly” DSU 377
legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4)
mandatory/discretionary legislation, distinguishability SCM 81, DSU 293
assessment of mandatory nature DSU 293
notification obligations (SCM 25), notification, effect (SCM 25.7) SCM 517
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, “b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù” (SCM 1.1(b)) SCM 59
preliminary rulings on, timing of submission of evidence DSU 624
preliminary rulings (procedural aspects)
absence of requirement/established practice DSU 348–9
procedures, need for DSU 348–9
timing DSU 348
relationships within and between agreements
DSU 11/SCM 4 SCM 188–90, 188–91
SCM 1.1(b)/SCM 14 SCM 92
SCM 1.1(b)/SCM Annex I item (k) SCM 94
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 377
request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4)
accelerated/expedited procedures (ABWP 31), relevance SCM 191
failure to reach mutually agreed solution through consultations SCM 203
statement of available evidence, relevance SCM 191
SCM Agreement, object and purpose (SCM 1), multilateral disciplines on subsidies distorting international trade SCM 2
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “make such other findings” DSU 601
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14), “b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù” (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 92
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(b)) (conferral of benefit)
“b±ð²Ô±ð´Ú¾±³Ù”
cost to government, relevance SCM 59
market test SCM 60
burden of proof, rebuttal of prima facie case SCM 90
SCM 14 and SCM 92
SCM Illustrative List, Item (k) and SCM 94
subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge (mandatory/ discretionary distinction), “as applied” SCM 81
Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM), dispute settlement/ enforcement of specific obligations, exclusion (TRMS A (i)) TPRM 5
Canada — Aircraft (Article 21.5 — Brazil) (AB), WT/DS70/AB/RW, DSR 2000:IX
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5)
competence of DSU 21.5 (compliance) panel, determination of consistency of measure with °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations DSU 1100
“measures taken to comply”
examination on basis of facts proved during panel proceedings and DSU 1141
measure subject of original dispute distinguished DSU 1110, 1148 n. 1801
measure taken “to comply” /measure subject of original dispute distinguished DSU 1110
new measures DSU 1143
Canada — Aircraft (Article 21.5 — Brazil) (Panel), WT/DS70/R, DSR 2000:IX
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II), “contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a)) (general), “export performance” SCM 148–9
Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)
export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k))
burden of proof SCM 654
Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 650
“export credit practice” SCM 644–5
international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second paragraph) (“safe haven”)
Canadian Policy Guideline SCM 652
matching derogation, permissibility SCM 657
OECD Arrangement SCM 639, 642, 650–2
qualification for inclusion under, requirements SCM 637
“safe haven” (international undertaking (item (k), second paragraph)), “interest rates provisions” SCM 649
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, “export credit practice” (SCM Illustrative List item (k)) SCM 644
Canada — Autos (AB), WT/DS139/AB/R, WT/DS142/AB/R, DSR 2000:VI and DSR 2000:VII
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent … upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 3.1(b)), de facto contingency SCM 165, 166–7
“contingent in law …” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM 127–8, 130
GATt, object and purpose (GATT I:1), non-discrimination GATT 24, 26
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to omissions DSU 1615
object and purpose, GATT I:1 GATT 50
same or closely related phrases in same agreement, SPS 3.1(a)/SPS 3.1(b) SCM 166–7
judicial economy
explicit reference to, relevance DSU 649
“positive solution to dispute” requirement (DSU 3.7)/false judicial economy and DSU 649
“measures affecting trade in services” (GATS I:1)
“a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” GATS 11–12
wholesale trade service suppliers in their capacity as service suppliers, need to examine GATS 12
MFN treatment (GATS II), determination of violoation, elements, analysis of evidence GATS 33
MFN treatment (GATT I:1)
“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù”, affiliation with designated local manufacturer/importer requirement and GATT 47–8
“advantage”, “any advantage … granted … to any ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” GATT 34
“all other contracting parties”, RTAs (GATT XXIV:5) and GATT 115
de facto discrimination GATT 26
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“contingent” (SCM 3.1) SCM 165
“contingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 3.1(b)) SCM 167
relationships within and between agreements
GATS I:1/GATS II/XVII GATS 11, 32, 11, 32
GATS/GATT GATT 429
GATT I/GATT XXIV GATT 115
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), completion of the legal analysis in case of, contentiousness/omission/insufficiency of facts DSU 866
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) (financial contribution)
exemption from or remission of internal taxes upon exportation (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(ii) footnote 1) SCM 36
foregoing of revenues otherwise due (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(ii)), “otherwise due” /basis of comparison (“but for” test) SCM 35–6
Canada — Autos (Panel), WT/DS139/R, WT/DS142/R, DSR 2000:VI and DSR 2000:VII
customs unions (GATT XXIV:5(a))
as defence or exception (“shall not prevent”), trade-restrictiveness test GATT 1013
definition (GATT XXIV:8(a)), internal trade arrangements (“substantially all trade”) (GATT XXIV:8(a)(i)) GATT 1032
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
new argumentation, cut-off date DSU 329
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties DSU 329
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 329
economic integration (GATS V)
RTAs, notification, national treatment (GATS V:1(b))/MFN treatment (GATS II), applicability GATS 52
“substantially all discrimination” (GATS V:1(b)) GATS 52
export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
“contingent … upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 3.1(b)), de facto contingency SCM 166
“contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a)), de facto contingency SCM 166
GATT 1994, object and purpose (GATT I:1), non-discrimination GATT 50
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), government action, limitation to DSU 250
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
object and purpose GATT 50
same or closely related phrases in same agreement, SPS 3.1(a)/SPS 3.1(b) SCM 166
judicial economy, prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose TRIMs 12–13, SCM 180
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), arguments distinguished DSU 329
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT III:2 and III:4), relevant factors, nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 340
“measures affecting trade in services” (GATS I:1), “a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” GATS 11
MFN treatment (GATS II)
“like service and service supplier” (GATS II:1), wholesale transactions GATS 37
vertical integration/exclusive distribution arrangements, effect GATS 35
MFN treatment (GATT I:1)
“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù”
conditional advantage and “advantage accorded unconditionally” distinguished GATT 49
“unconditionally”, ordinary meaning GATT 49
“all other contracting parties”, RTAs (GATT XXIV:5) and GATT 50, 99, 115
frontier traffic, customs unions and free trade areas (GATT XXIV) and GATT 99
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)
“a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” GATT 360
actual impact, relevance GATT 360
ordinary meaning GATT 360
“laws, regulations or requirements”
non-mandatory measures GATT 351, 355
private action and GATT 355, DSU 250
ratio requirement (net sales value of locally-produced product/locally sold product), ratio requirement (net sales value of locally-produced product/locally sold product) GATT 364
TRIMs and GATT 424, TRIMs 12–14
national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII), foreign character of services (SG XVII footnote 10), relevance GATS 133
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” (GATT III:4) GATT 360
“requirements” (GATT III:4) DSU 250
“unconditionally” (GATT I:1) GATT 49
relationships within and between agreements
GATS XVII/GATT III:4/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 180
GATS XVII/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 180
GATT I/GATT XXIV GATT 115
GATT III:4/SCM 3.1(a) SCM 180
GATT III:4/TRIMs 2 GATT 424
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 329
State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles), responsibility for act or omission of, private parties GATT 355, DSU 250
subsidy, specificity (SCM 2), subsidy “contingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 2.3/SCM 3.1) SCM 119
TRIMs Agreement, as integral part of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement TRIMs 12–14
Canada — Autos (Article 21.3), WT/DS139/12, WT/DS142/12, DSR 2000:X, “reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations), coordination with other changes, relevance DSU 1080
Canada — Continued Suspension (Panel), WT/DS321/R
burden of proof (general rules), good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)) GATT 570 n. 805
conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures with °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations, obligation to ensure (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4), suspension of concessions (DSU 22) and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 289
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), burden of proof/presumption of GATT 570 n. 805
suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
conformity of measure with °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligation, obligation to ensure (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 289
as temporary measure (DSU 22.8) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 289
Canada — Dairy dispute (WT/DS103, WT/DS113)
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5), ad hoc procedural agreements, compliance with deadlines DSU 1173
“sequencing” (interrelationship between Article 21.5 and Article 22.6 arbitration, ad hoc procedural agreements), simultaneous recourse to Article 21.5 and Article 22 DSU 1161
Canada — Dairy (AB), WT/DS103/AB/R and Corr.1, WT/DS113/AB/R and Corr.1, DSR 1999:V and DSR 1999:VI
export subsidy commitments (AG 9)
“direct subsidies, including payments-in-kind” (AG 9.1(a))
“governments or their agencies” AG 85
payment-in-kind as direct subsidy AG 84
export subsidy, definition (AG 1(e)) AG 11
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase DSU 1613
same or closely related phrases in different agreements, AG 9.1(a)/SCM 1.1 AG 84
same or closely related phrases in same agreement, AG 9.1(a)/AG 9.1(c) AG 87–90
supplementary means (VCLT 32)
“circumstances of its conclusion”, unilateral classification practice DSU 1649 n. 2574
“recourse may be had” DSU 1630
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
Ë𲹲⳾±ð²Ô³Ù²õ” (AG 9.1(c)) AG 89–90
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
“budgetary outlays” (AG 1(c)), “revenue foregone” AG 10
“f¾±²Ô²¹²Ô³¦±ð»å”, “whether or not a charge on the public account” AG 87
Ë𲹲⳾±ð²Ô³Ù²õ”
transfer of economic resources, need for AG 87
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
“subject to the terms, conditions or qualifications in the schedule” (GATT II:1(b))
description distinguished GATT 140
price ceiling not included in Schedule GATT 141
“subject to” GATT 140
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) (financial contribution), transfer of economic resources from grantor to recipient for less than full consideration AG 84
Canada — Dairy (Panel), WT/DS103/R, WT/DS113/R, DSR 1999:V and DSR 1999:VI
“agricultural products” (AG 2/Annex 1), applicability AG 21
Agriculture Agreement (AG)
object and purpose (preamble)
fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system AG 2
on-going reform AG 2
export subsidy commitments (AG 9), “direct subsidies, including payments-in-kind” (AG 9.1(a)), payment-in-kind as direct subsidy AG 84
import licensing procedures, non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3), GATT II(1)(b) and LIC 32
judicial economy, prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose LIC 32
relationships within and between agreements, GATT II:1(b)/LIC 3 GATT 175, LIC 32
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
“subject to the terms, conditions or qualifications in the schedule” (GATT II:1(b))
description distinguished GATT 140
“subject to” GATT 140
State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles), “agent” / “organ” of State DSU 1676
Canada — Dairy (Article 21.5 — New Zealand and US) (AB), WT/DS103/AB/RW, WT/DS113/AB/RW, DSR 2001:XIII
export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10), export subsidy, prohibited (SCM 1.1 and 3.1) and SCM 181
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
AG 9.1(c)/SCM Illustrative List items (c), (d) and (k) SCM 601
same or closely related phrases in same agreement, AG 9.1(a) and (b)/AG 9.1(c) AG 92
order of analysis, AD 13/SCM 3, 5 and 6/GATT XVI SCM 182
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
benchmark/standard (AG 9.1(c))
absence of express provision, relevance AG 92
domestic price fixed by government AG 93
factual and regulatory setting, relevance AG 92–3
industry-wide production costs AG 96
market rate, relevance, world market price AG 94–5
objective standard, need for AG 94–5
“by virtue of” AG 99, 101, 106
“f¾±²Ô²¹²Ô³¦±ð»å” AG 99
“whether or not a charge on the public account” AG 99
“government action” AG 98
government mandate or direction, relevance, AG 9.1(e), SCM 1.1 and SCM Illustrative List of Export Subsidies distinguished SCM 601
payments by private parties as AG 102
relationships within and between agreements
AG 9.1 and 10.1/SCM 1.1 and SCM 3.1 SCM 181–2, 701
AG 9.1(c)/9.2 AG 92
AG 9.1(c)/SCM Illustrative List items (c), (d) and (k) SCM 601
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), completion of the legal analysis in case of, contentiousness/omission/insufficiency of facts DSU 869
Canada — Dairy (Article 21.5 — New Zealand and US) (Panel), WT/DS103/RW, WT/DS113/RW, DSR 2001:XIII
Agriculture Agreement (AG)
object and purpose (preamble)
AG 9.1(c) and AG 3
fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system AG 3
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, object and purpose, preamble as evidence of AG 3
order of analysis, AD 13/SCM 3, 5 and 6/GATT XVI SCM 182 n. 283
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
benchmark/standard (AG 9.1(c)), market intervention AG 3
“by virtue of” AG 100
“but for” test AG 100
preliminary rulings on, third party rights DSU 505
relationships within and between agreements
GATT II:1(b)/LIC 3 LIC 32
SCM 3.1/SCM 4.7 SCM 153
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5), third party rights (DSU 10), right to receive submissions to first meeting of the panel, limitation to (DSU 10.3) DSU 504–5, 505–6
third party rights (Article 21.5 proceedings) DSU 505
preliminary ruling on DSU 505
“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7), agricultural subsidies, applicability to SCM 153
Canada — Dairy (Article 21.5 — New Zealand and US II) (AB), WT/DS103/AB/RW2, WT/DS113/AB/RW2, DSR 2003:I
burden of proof, reversal DSU 544
export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10), burden of proof (AG 10.3), reversal AG 126
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, “financing” (AG 9.1(c)) AG 104
payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c))
benchmark/standard (AG 9.1(c)), industry-wide production costs AG 97
“whether or not a charge on the public account” AG 104
Ë𲹲⳾±ð²Ô³Ù²õ”, cross-subsidization as/as cross-subsidization AG 106
Canada — FIRA (GATT Panel), BISD 30S/140
national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), applicability, measures imposed at the time or point of importation (“internal measures”) (Ad Article), QRs (GATT XI) distinguished GATT 408
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), “requirements”, private action and GATT 46 n. 45, 355
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
GATT III, and GATT 408
as importation measure GATT 408
State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles), responsibility for act or omission of, private parties DSU 250
Canada — Patent Term (AB), WT/DS170/AB/R, DSR 2000:X and DSR 2000:XI
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), written reponses (ABWP 28), requests for additional memoranda/submissions DSU 1462
intellectual property rights, acquisition and maintenance including inter partes procedures
relationship between TRIPS 33 and TRIPS 62.2 TRIPS 276
unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2), term of protection (TRIPS 33) as distinct and cumulative provision TRIPS 276
intellectual property rights, availability, scope and use (TRIPS Part II)
existing subject matter, applicability to (TRIPS 70)
“acts which occurred before date” (TRIPS 70.1) and “existing at the date” (TRIPS 70.2) distinguished TRIPS 307, 311, DSU 1524
“acts” (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 308–10, DSU 1524
“subject matter” (TRIPS 70.2) TRIPS 311
term of protection (TRIPS 33) and TRIPS 317
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, as a whole/holistic/harmonious exercise TRIPS 276, 308
non-retroactivity of treaties (VCLT 28)
in absence of different intention DSU 1524
continuing measures DSU 1524, 1527
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“acts” (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 308–10, DSU 1524
“filing date” (TRIPS 33) TRIPS 211
“subject-matter” (TRIPS 70.2) TRIPS 311
terms used in, TRIPS 33 TRIPS 211
patents (TRIPS part II Section 5)
patentable subject matter (TRIPS 27), as context for interpretation of TRIPS 70 (protection of existing subject matter) TRIPS 311
term of protection (TRIPS 33)
“a±¹²¹¾±±ô²¹²ú±ô±ð” TRIPS 212
“effectiveness”, relevance TRIPS 213
“existing subject matter” (TRIPS 70.2) and TRIPS 317
freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and, “filing date” TRIPS 211
unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2) as distinct and cumulative provision TRIPS 276
relationships within and between agreements
TRIPS 33/TRIPS 70.2 TRIPS 317
TRIPS 70.1/70.2 TRIPS 307
retroactivity (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 307, DSU 1524
TRIPS Agreement
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, object and purpose (TRIPS 7) TRIPS 310
transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65), procedural nature TRIPS 287
Canada — Patent Term (Panel), WT/DS170/R, DSR 2000:X and DSR 2000:XI
consultations (DSU 4), acceleration (DSU 4.9), panel’s workload and DSU 174
fair and equitable procedures (TRIPS 42)
requirement (TRIPS 41.2) TRIPS 218
“right holders” TRIPS 218
intellectual property rights, availability, scope and use (TRIPS Part II), acquisition and maintenance (TRIPS 62), unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2), term of protection (TRIPS 33) as distinct and cumulative provision TRIPS 8
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, “any subsequent agreement … regarding its interpretation or application” (VCLT 31(3) (a)) DSU 1576
judicial economy, prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose TRIPS 215
patents (TRIPS part II Section 5)
patentable subject matter (TRIPS 27)
“discrimination” (TRIPS 27.1), “fields of technology” TRIPS 180
policy considerations underlying TRIPS 185
term of protection (TRIPS 33)
freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and TRIPS 8
“filing date” TRIPS 211
unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2) as distinct and cumulative provision TRIPS 8
TRIPS Agreement
obligations (TRIPS 1), implementation obligation (TRIPS 1.1), freedom to choose method TRIPS 8
protection of existing subject matter (TRIPS 70), freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and TRIPS 8
Canada — Patent Term (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS170/10
“reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)
contentiousness/political sensitivity, relevance DSU 1058
legislative process, government control of DSU 1084
Canada — Periodicals (AB), WT/DS31/AB/R, DSR 1997:I
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17), “may uphold, modify or reverse” panel findings (DSU 17.13), unappealed findings °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 281, DSU 822, 892
directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), as dynamic relationship (including possibility of latent demand) GATT 296
GATS Agreement, GATT 1994 overlap GATT 427, GATS 27, 27–8
GATT 1947/°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ continuity, decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:1) (GATT acquis), panel reports (unappealed findings) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 281, DSU 822, 892
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, object and purpose GATT 389
legal status of panel reports, unappealed findings °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 281, DSU 822, 892
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT I), “like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” analysis, nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 41
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
determination of “likeness”
as a relative concept (“accordion”)/case-by-case approach GATT 242, 248, DSU 841, 859
narrow interpretation GATT 242
relevant factors
consumer preferences GATT 242, 248
physical properties GATT 242, 248
national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1)
“so as to afford protection”
equality of competitive conditions GATT 203
protection of competitive relationship GATT 221
national treatment, payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers as exception (GATT III:8(b))
expenditure of revenue by government, limitation to GATT 389
object and purpose GATT 389
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2, second sentence), “not similarly taxed” (Ad Article III) GATT 268, 309
“directly or indirectly” (GATT III:2, first sentence) GATT 277
first and second sentences distinguished GATT 231–3, DSU 416 n. 698
“in excess of those applied” (GATT III:2, first sentence)
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” and “in excess of” GATT 238
methodology of comparison, individual transactions basis GATT 268, 309
“so as to afford protection”
design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application GATT 317
intention of legislators/regulators, relevance GATT 317
preparatory work (VCLT 32), GATT III:8 GATT 389, DSU 1639
relationships within and between agreements, GATS/GATT GATT 427
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6)
completion of the legal analysis in case of DSU 859
law vs fact, “like products” (GATT II:2), determination as DSU 841, 859
legal findings or developed interpretations, limitation to (DSU 17.13) DSU 841, 859
TRIMs, relationship with other agreements, SCM Agreement TRIMs 8
Canada — Periodicals (Panel), WT/DS31/R and Corr.1, DSR 1997:I
GATS Agreement, GATT 1994 overlap °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 25, GATT 427, GATS 24–6
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase GATS 25
lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts, General Interpretative Note (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Annex 1A) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 25, DSU 1716
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
relevant factors
end-uses GATT 248
nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 248, DSU 598 n. 955
national treatment, payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers as exception (GATT III:8(b)), expenditure of revenue by government, limitation to GATT 389
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI), “prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1), import prohibition GATT 607
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement, as single undertaking (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ II:2), coexistence °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 25
Canada — Pharmaceutical Patents (Panel), WT/DS114/R, DSR 2000:V
Berne Convention/TRIPS, relationship (TRIPS 9), incorporation, effect TRIPS 201
burden of proof (general rules), impossible burden, proving a negative DSU 568
legitimate interests, TRIPS 30 TRIPS 189, 198–203
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“discriminate” (TRIPS 27.1) TRIPS 177–8
“n´Ç°ù³¾²¹±ô” (TRIPS 13/TRIPS 30) TRIPS 195
patents (TRIPS part II Section 5)
exclusive rights (TRIPS 28) TRIPS 188
limited exceptions (TRIPS 30)
applicability of TRIPS 27.1 TRIPS 184–5
balance of agreement as a whole and TRIPS 191
compensatory adjustment TRIPS 203
conditions/criteria (“limited”) TRIPS 189
curtailment of owner’s rights TRIPS 192–4
“exploitation of patent” TRIPS 195–7
“legitimate interests” TRIPS 198–203
legal rights distinguished TRIPS 200
“normal exploitation” TRIPS 195–6
“discrimination” (TRIPS 27.1), applicability TRIPS 184–5
“e³æ³¦±ð±è³Ù¾±´Ç²Ô” TRIPS 136
patentable subject matter (TRIPS 27)
“discrimination” (TRIPS 27.1)
applicability to TRIPS 30 and 31 TRIPS 184–5
de facto discrimination TRIPS 177–8
exceptions (TRIPS 30), applicability TRIPS 184–5
relationships within and between agreements, TRIPS 27.1/TRIPS 30 and 31 TRIPS 184–5
trademarks (TRIPS Part II Section 2), “limited exceptions” (TRIPS 17), burden of proof TRIPS 144
TRIPS Agreement, object and purpose (preamble/TRIPS 7), balance of rights and obligations TRIPS 191
Canada — Pharmaceutical Patents (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS114/13, DSR 2002:I
“reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)
15-month guideline DSU 1039
administrative measures as means of implementation, relevance DSU 1052
burden of proof DSU 1086
complexity of implementation process DSU 1052
contentiousness/political sensitivity, relevance DSU 1056
as legal determination DSU 1030
limitation to cases of impracticality DSU 1014
“particular circumstances” DSU 1043
shortest period possible within Member’s normal legislative process DSU 1030
structural adjustment, relevance of need for DSU 1063
Canada — Wheat Exports and Grain Imports (AB), WT/DS276/AB/R, DSR 2004:VI
judicial economy
discretionary nature DSU 641
relationships within and between agreements, GATT XVII:1(a)/GATT XVII:1(b) GATT 729, 731, 734–5
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), law vs fact, panel as trier of facts DSU 610
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of the facts” /alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence
discretion in selection of evidence to refer to explicitly DSU 610
egregious error, need for DSU 610
State trading enterprises (STEs) (GATT XVII)
GATT XVII:1(a) and 1(b), interrelationship GATT 729, 731, 735
non-discriminatory treatment (GATT I general principle) (GATT XVII:1(a)) and GATT 724, 726–7
“shall be understood to require” (GATT XVII:1(b))
“adequate opportunity” GATT 732
“commercial considerations” GATT 731
Canada — Wheat Exports and Grain Imports (Panel), WT/DS276/R, DSR 2004:VI
consultations (DSU 4), confidentiality (DSU 4.6), information in the public domain DSU 162
General Exceptions (GATT XX(b)), measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, “reasonably available” alternative °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ-consistent measure, “reasonably available” GATT 928
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent elements
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â” to secure compliance
balancing of factors GATT 917
“reasonably available” alternative °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ-consistent measure GATT 917
good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10), establishment of new panel during preparation of preliminary rulings DSU 129
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), definitions, “participate” (GPA VIII(c)) GPA 22
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2)
case-by-case approach DSU 211
“identify”, sufficiency of, reference to general measure DSU 211
ordinary meaning DSU 211
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, same or closely related phrases in different agreements, GATT XVII:1(b)/GPA VIII(c) GPA 22
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), which measures violate which provisions requirement DSU 321
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT III:2 and III:4), relevant factors, nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 339
multiple complainants (DSU 9), single panel, “whenever feasible” (DSU 9.1), separate panel reports (DSU 9.2), structure DSU 453
multiple panels/same parties/same dispute, separate panel reports DSU 453
multiple panels/same parties/same dispute (DSU 9.3) DSU 462
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)
“laws, regulations or requirements”, non-mandatory measures GATT 352
“requirements”, non-mandatory measures GATT 352
TRIMs and TRIMs 17
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, “identify the specific measure at issue” (DSU 6.2) DSU 211
preliminary rulings on
claims outside terms of reference DSU 462
establishment of new panel during preparation of, good faith (DSU 3.10) and DSU 129
specificity of request for panel (DSU 6.2) DSU 462
third party rights DSU 501
preliminary rulings (procedural aspects), third parties’ rights relating to DSU 501
relationships within and between agreements, GATT III:4/TRIMs 2 TRIMs 17
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
compliance, importance of, failure to comply, request for/establishment of second panel DSU 462
due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 211
State trading enterprises (STEs) (GATT XVII)
circumvention of obligations, prevention GATT 721–2
“shall be understood to require” (GATT XVII:1(b)), “participate in”, GPA VIII(c) compared GPA 22
third party rights, preliminary proceedings, participation in DSU 935
Cancún Ministerial Conference (2003)
Doha Round stocktaking °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 58
Ministerial Statement °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 58
causation analysis (SG 4.2(b)) (determination of serious injury or threat of)
14.173–219: see also determination of injury (AD 3), causal relationship, manner of evaluating (AD 3.5); transitional safeguard measures (SG) (China) (Accession Protocol 16)
Accession Protocol (China) and SG 325–32
analysis of conditions of competition SG 190–5
like product determination compared SG 191
price analysis and SG 190, 192, 194
relevant factors SG 193–5, 325, 330
coincidence of trends in imports and in injury factors SG 182–9
“d±ð³¾´Ç²Ô²õ³Ù°ù²¹³Ù±ð²õ” SG 77, 173–81, 187–8, 193, 208, 217
“on the basis of objective data” SG 174, 179, 181, 191
general approach to SG 173–215
quantification, relevance SG 211–13
reasoned and adequate explanation (SG 4.2(a)) GATT 801, SG 70–2, 181, 209–10, 330
relevance in absence of serious injury SG 74 n. 128, 175, 217–18
“serious injury” (SG 5.1) distinguished SG 226
Chile — Alcoholic Beverages (AB), WT/DS87/AB/R, WT/DS110/AB/R7DSR 2000:I
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17), not to add to or diminish rights and obligations (DSU 3.2/19.2) DSU 60, 988
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
“so as to afford protection”
design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application GATT 319, RO 5
intention of legislators/regulators, relevance GATT 319, RO 5
necessity of tax, relevance GATT 319
panel reports, rationale, need for (DSU 12.7), sufficiency DSU 701
rules of origin disciplines (RO 2) (transition period), trade objectives, exclusion as instrument of (RO 2(b)), intention, relevance RO 5
security and predictability of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations (DSU 3.2), panel reports and DSU 988
Chile — Alcoholic Beverages (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS87/15
developing countries (DSU 21.2) (implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings) DSU 1008
implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings, surveillance (DSU 21)
prompt compliance (DSU 21.1)
adoption of report, obligation to begin implementation following DSU 1005
flexibility DSU 1001
“reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)
developing countries and (DSU 21.2) DSU 1007
“r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð” DSU 1037
Chile — Price Band System (AB), WT/DS207/AB/R, DSR 2002:VIII
Agriculture Agreement (AG)
object and purpose (preamble)
developing countries’ needs and conditions AG 4
fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system AG 4
market access (AG 4) AG 34
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17), right to develop own legal reasoning including arguments not adduced by parties (jura novit curia) DSU 326, 416
customs duties, “ordinary customs duties” (GATT II(1)(b)/AG 4.2) GATT 174, AG 42–5, DSU 1660
developing countries (AG preamble), needs and conditions AG 4
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
objective assessment obligations (DSU 11) and DSU 618, 680
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties DSU 343, 618, 676
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
“any subsequent practice … which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation” (VCLT 31(3)(b)) AG 40
scheduling practice AG 42
footnotes to treaty as aid/integral part of treaty AG 36, 38, 66
grammar, respect for AG 37
“ordinary meaning … in their context … in light of object and purpose” (VCLT 31(1)) AG 37–9
same or closely related phrases in same agreement, AG 4.2/AG 5 AG 39
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AG 37
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), arguments distinguished DSU 326
market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
border measures
distorting effect AG 63
“similar border measures” (footnote 1)
“c´Ç²Ô±¹±ð°ù³Ù±ð»å” AG 41
developing countries (preamble) and AG 4
failure to convert by due date, effect AG 37
“have been required to be converted” AG 37, 39
“have been converted” (AG 5) distinguished AG 39
interpretation, rules governing AG 37–40
subsequent practice (VCLT 32(3)(b)) AG 40
measure and result of measure distinguished AG 46
“minimum import price” (AG 4.2 footnote 1) AG 54
object and purpose (preamble) and AG 4
“ordinary customs duties” (AG 4.2)/ GATT II:1(b) GATT 174, AG 42–5, DSU 1660
special safeguards (AG 5.1) and AG 39
timing of obligation AG 37, 47
“variable import levies” (footnote 1) AG 51
“measures at issue” (DSU 6.2), amended measures, amendment after establishment of panel DSU 258, 380, 399–400
“minimum import price” (AG 4.2 and footnote 1) AG 54
multiple authentic languages, interpretation (VCLT 33), meaning which best reconciles texts (VCLT 33(4)) AG 42, DSU 1660
notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)(d))
claims and arguments distinguished DSU 1411, 1429 n. 2228
DSU 6.2 compared DSU 1412
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“c´Ç²Ô³¦±ð²õ²õ¾±´Ç²Ô²õ” AG 42
“ordinary customs duty” AG 42
multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33) and DSU 1660
“variable import levies” (AG 4.2) AG 51
preparatory work (VCLT 32), AG 4.2 AG 37
relationships within and between agreements
AG 4.2/GATT II:2 GATT 174
AG 4.2/GATT Annex 5 AG 45
AG 4.2V/GATT II:1(b) GATT 174, AG 42–5, DSU 1660
AG 4.2/GATT II:2 AG 45
AG 4.2/Guidelines for the Calculation of Tariff Equivalents (Attachment to AG Annex 5) AG 46
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 343
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule (GATT II:1(b)), customs duties based on exogenous factors AG 43
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6)
law vs fact, panel’s classification of measure, relevance DSU 850
“objective assessment of the facts” /alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence, discretion in assessment of evidence DSU 850
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of matter before it”
ultra petita finding on provision not before it DSU 537, 618, 680
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue
implied claims DSU 343, 416, 676
specific legal claim included in terms of reference, limitation to DSU 416
third party rights (DSU 10 and Appendix 3), panel’s right to draw on third party submissions DSU 495
Chile — Price Band System (Panel), WT/DS207/R, DSR 2002:VIII
“agricultural products” (AG 2/Annex 1), applicability AG 22
balance of payments restrictions (GATT XII), as exception to GATT obligations GATT 649
composition of panel (DSU 8), eligibility (DSU 8.) DSU 430
consultations (DSU 4)
continuance of identified measures after consultations (DSU 4.4), effect DSU 149
measure at issue (DSU 4.4), measure subsequent to request for consultations, extension of existing measure distinguished DSU 149
notification of request for (DSU 4.4), identification of measure at issue requirement DSU 149
customs duties, “ordinary customs duties” (GATT II(1)(b)/AG 4.2) GATT 143
emergency action (GATT XIX)
“as a result of unforeseen developments” (GATT XIX:1(a))
“as a pertinent issue of fact and law” /publication (SG 3.1) GATT 807
“demonstration”, need for GATT 807
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1)
measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence, recommendation to implement measure inconsistent with agreement, exclusion DSU 930, 932
panel’s decision not to make suggestions DSU 975
interpretation of covered agreements, responsibility for authoritative (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IX:2), Secretariat role °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 201
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, dictionaries AG 57 n. 91, SG 100, DSU 1660
market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
exceptions to GATT obligations, exclusion (footnote 1) GATT 649
“ordinary customs duties” (AG 4.2)/ GATT II:1(b) GATT 143–5
multiple authentic languages, interpretation (VCLT 33)
meaning which best reconciles texts (VCLT 33(4)) DSU 1660
“ordinary meaning” (VCLT 31(1)) and DSU 1660
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8), agreement to, indirect benefits and DSU 975
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33) and DSU 1660
publication of findings and reasoned conclusions on all pertinent issues of fact and law, authorities’ obligation (SG 3.1) GATT 807
“publish” / “make publicly available”, equivalence SG 100
reasoned and adequate explanation requirement (SG 3.1), “as a result of unforeseen developments” (GATT XIX:1(a)), “demonstration”, need for GATT 807
relationships within and between agreements
AD 2.4 footnote 1/GATT XII GATT 649
AG 4.2/GATT II:1(b) GATT 143–5
safeguard measures, duration and review (SG 7), extension of measure (SG 7.1), whether distinct measure DSU 149
Secretariat (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ VI), role, interpretation of covered agreements °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 201
Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM), dispute settlement/enforcement of specific obligations, exclusion (TRMS A (i)) TPRM 6
Chile — Price Band System (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS207/13, DSR 2003:III
developing countries (DSU 21.2) (implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings) DSU 1009
judicial economy, prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose AG 64
market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
border measures, “similar border measures” (footnote 1), “s¾±³¾¾±±ô²¹°ù” AG 60
“variable import levies” (footnote 1) AG 52
“reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)
administrative measures as means of implementation, relevance DSU 1050 n. 1633
arbitrator’s limited mandate, determination of reasonable period DSU 1022
effect on society, relevance DSU 1055
obligation to commence implementation in good time DSU 1045
relationships within and between agreements, AG 4.2/AG 5 AG 75
special safeguards (AG 5), market access (AG 4) and, as exemption from AG 4.2 requirements AG 75
Chile — Price Band System (Article 21.5 — Argentina) (AB), WT/DS207/AB/RW
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), timetable (ABWP 26), modification in exceptional circumstances (ABWP 16(2)) DSU 1391
burden of proof (general rules), Article 21.5 compliance proceedings DSU 582
interim review (DSU 15), failure to inform panel of errors DSU 787
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), new evidence DSU 853
see also transitional safeguard measures (SG) (China) (Accession Protocol 16)
ATC safeguard measures (ATC 6), TMB discussion ATC 13
General Exceptions (GATT) and GATT 951–5
China — Auto Parts (AB), WT/DS339/AB/R, WT/DS340/AB/R, WT/DS342/AB/R
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), timetable (ABWP 26), modification in exceptional circumstances (ABWP 16 (2)), modification of date of oral hearing (ABWP 16(2)) DSU 1396
domestic law, interpretation of covered agreements, relevance to DSU 1626
Harmonized System of Customs Classification (HS), as aid to interpretation of covered agreements/as context for purposes of GATT 127
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
context (VCLT 31(2))
“any agreement relating to … made in connection with the conclusion…” (VCLT 31(2)(a)) DSU 1558
Harmonized System of Customs Classification (HS) as GATT 127
multiple complainants (DSU 9), separate AB reports DSU 460
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), “charge of any kind” GATT 62
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
domestic law concepts, relevance DSU 1626
“on their importation” (GATT II:1(b)) GATT 145
relationships within and between agreements, GATT II:1(b)/GATT III:2 GATT 167
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
Harmonized System of Customs Classification (HS), as aid to interpretation of covered agreements/as context for purposes of GATT 127
interpretation and clarification, context (VCLT 31(2)), other terms in Schedule GATT 127
ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule (GATT II:1(b)), internal duty distinguished GATT 167
ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule (GATT II:1(b)), “on their importation” GATT 144
China — Auto Parts (Panel), WT/DS339/R, WT/DS340/R, WT/DS342/R and Add.1 and Add.2 DSU 793
as aid to interpretation of covered agreements/as context for purposes of GATT 123, 127
“as presented” GATT 123
evidence (panel) (DSU 12), ³Ù¾±³¾±ð–l¾±³¾¾±³Ù²õ for submission, panel’s right to admit “late” /new evidence, evidence submitted during interim review (DSU 15) DSU 793
export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10), Informal Group on Anti-Circumvention, ADP Committee Decision on (April 1997), GATT II and AD 1018
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent elements, “laws or regulations” GATT 925
good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10), presumption of DSU 104
Harmonized System of Customs Classification (HS)
as aid to interpretation of covered agreements/as context for purposes of GATT 123, 127
“as presented” GATT 123
Explanatory and Chapter Notes, status GATT 126
interim review (DSU 15), new evidence DSU 793
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, context (VCLT 31(2)), Harmonized System of Customs Classification (HS) as GATT 127
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
hypothetical “like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” GATT 51
relevant factors, nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 251, 340
multiple authentic languages, interpretation (VCLT 33)
“ordinary meaning” (VCLT 31(1)) and DSU 1665
presumption of identity of meaning (VCLT 33(3)) DSU 1665
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), “laws, regulations or requirements”, non-mandatory measures GATT 354
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), “charge of any kind” GATT 62, 262
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33) and DSU 1665
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
interpretation and clarification, other terms in Schedule as context GATT 127
ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule (GATT II:1(b)), internal duty distinguished GATT 167
China — Intellectual Property Rights (Panel), WT/DS362/R
Berne Convention/TRIPS
control of circulation, presentation or exhibition (Berne 17) TRIPS 103–4
enforcement of intellectual property rights (TRIPS Part III), applicability in absence of Berne protection TRIPS 221
English and French texts compared TRIPS 103 n. 105, 103 n. 106, 103 n. 107
interpretation, role of WIPO International Bureau TRIPS 103 n. 104
rights guaranteed/ protected “works” (Berne 5(1)) TRIPS 90–1
border measures, special measures related to enforcement of (TRIPS Part III Section 4)
destruction or disposal of infringing goods (TRIPS 59) TRIPS 236–62
“disposal”, ambiguity TRIPS 245
English, French and Spanish texts compared TRIPS 245
“exceptional circumstances” TRIPS 262
“infringing goods” TRIPS 236–8
initiation of procedures as responsibility of rights holder TRIPS 244
“other infringing goods” (TRIPS 51) TRIPS 237–8
“principles set out in Article 46”
alternative disposal methods as such preventing compliance with principles TRIPS 252
as alternative to duplicating text of TRIPS 46 TRIPS 247
alternatives to destruction TRIPS 253
“avoid harm” TRIPS 251
common objective TRIPS 248
disposal by auction, whether mandatory TRIPS 253–5
link to “authority” TRIPS 246
list of TRIPS 248
“outside the channels of commerce” TRIPS 250
result vs purpose TRIPS 250
risks of reinfringement TRIPS 259–60, 262
“s¾±³¾±è±ô±ð” TRIPS 258, 260–1
simple removal of trademark TRIPS 256–62
“shall have the authority” TRIPS 239–44
conditional, whether TRIPS 243
discretionary nature TRIPS 241, 244, 257
duration of authority TRIPS 239
risk of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ-inconsistent measures TRIPS 242
to order remedies other than TRIPS 59 measures TRIPS 241–2
suspension of release (TRIPS 51) TRIPS 234–5
“other infringing goods” TRIPS 237–8
“provisions set out below” TRIPS 234
scope TRIPS 235
burden of proof (general rules), sovereignty issues DSU 1741
criminal procedures (TRIPS 61)
absolute nature of obligation TRIPS 267
conformity with relative standard, benchmark TRIPS 274
limitations on obligation TRIPS 268–9
minimum international standard requirement TRIPS 265
obligation to make remedies available (TRIPS 41.1) TRIPS 264
“on a commercial scale” TRIPS 269, 271–4
burden of proof TRIPS 273
de minimis (TRIPS 60) compared TRIPS 274
“trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy” TRIPS 270–4
domestic law, as justification for failure to fulfil international obligations, exclusion (VCLT 27) TRIPS 5
intellectual property rights, enforcement (TRIPS Part III)
“acts of infringement” (TRIPS 41.1) TRIPS 217
“other remedies” (TRIPS 46)
exhaustiveness of TRIPS 46 list TRIPS 231
preparatory work in case of ambiguity (VCLT 32(a)) TRIPS 229
proportionality requirement TRIPS 230
rights not protected by Berne Convention and TRIPS 221
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
evolutionary approach/intertemporal law DSU 1619
same or closely related phrases in same agreement
TRIPS 41–3/TRIPS 61 TRIPS 266
TRIPS 41/TRIPS 59 (“shall have the authority”) TRIPS 241
TRIPS 60/TRIPS 61 TRIPS 275
“special meaning” (VCLT 31(4)) DSU 1610
supplementary means (VCLT 32), “recourse may be had” DSU 1633
lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts TRIPS 249
multiple authentic languages, interpretation (VCLT 33)
“ordinary meaning” (VCLT 31(1)) and DSU 1666
presumption of identity of meaning (VCLT 33(3)) DSU 1667
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“avoid” (TRIPS 46) TRIPS 251
“disposal” (TRIPS 59) TRIPS 245
“infringing goods” (TRIPS 59) TRIPS 236
multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33) and DSU 1666
preparatory work (VCLT 32)
ambiguity and (VCLT 32(1)) TRIPS 229
TRIPS 46 TRIPS 229
procedures (TRIPS 61), evidence and procedure TRIPS 266
proportionality, “other remedies” (TRIPS 46) TRIPS 230
relationships within and between agreements, TRIPS 51/TRIPS 59 TRIPS 237–8
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), “sufficient to present the problem clearly” DSU 191
sovereignty, burden of proof and DSU 1741
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), request for establishment of panel as basis DSU 191
TRIPS Agreement
implementation obligation (TRIPS 1.1)
domestic law, relevance TRIPS 5
freedom to choose method TRIPS 11
China — Publications and Audiovisual Products (AB), WT/DS363/AB/R
arguendo assumptions
guidelines on the use of DSU 661
security and predictability (DSU 11) and DSU 49–50
“to enhance simplicity” DSU 49, 661
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17), “clarification of existing provisions” DSU 49, 661
GATS Agreement
GATT 1994 overlap GATT 427–8, TRIMs 8 n. 12, GATS 29
object and purpose (preamble), progressive liberalization, technological developments and GATS 4–5
General Exceptions (GATT XX(a)), measures necessary to protect public morals
accession protocol (China), applicability GATT 951–2
balance between restrictive effect on international trade and “necessity” GATT 886–7
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â”, impact on importers and GATT 885
international law / “relevant rules of international law” (VCLT 31(3)(c)) with particular reference to the interpretation of covered agreements (DSU 3(2)), in dubio mitius principle DSU 1735
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
dictionaries, cautious approach to DSU 1553
evolutionary approach/intertemporal law GATS 4–5, DSU 1620
in dubio mitius principle, as supplementary means of interpretation DSU 1735
supplementary means (VCLT 32), as confirmation DSU 1656
as a whole/holistic/harmonious exercise DSU 1553
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), TRIMs and TRIMs 19
relationships within and between agreements, GATT III:4/TRIMs 3 TRIMs 19, 21
security and predictability of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations (DSU 3.2)
arguendo assumptions and DSU 49–50, 661–2
evolutionary approach/intertemporal law and GATS 5, DSU 1621
sovereignty, in dubio mitius principle and DSU 1735
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of matter before it”, arguendo assumptions and DSU 49–50
China — Publications and Audiovisual Products (Panel), WT/DS363/R and Corr.1
customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law (DSU 3.2), Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX) GATS 199
GATS Agreement
“commercial presence” (GATS XXVIII(d)) GATS 227
GATT 1994 overlap GATS 29
object and purpose (preamble)
balance of rights and obligations GATS 3
progressive liberalization, technological developments and GATS 3–4
“sector” (GATS XXVIII(e)) GATS 229
General Exceptions (GATT XX(a)), measures necessary to protect public morals
accession protocol (China), applicability GATT 951–2
balance between restrictive effect on international trade and “necessity” GATT 886
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â”
analysis as multi-step process GATT 882–4
impact on importers and GATT 885
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2)
identification of product, need for DSU 232 n. 324
identification within narrative of request requirement DSU 222
“identify”, sufficiency of, reference to general measure DSU 222
omission of measure, good faith assumption that it was not being challenged DSU 222
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
evolutionary approach/intertemporal law GATS 3–4
same or closely related phrases in different agreements, GATS XVII/GATT III:4 (“less favourable treatment”) GATS 131
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), arguments distinguished DSU 333
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT III:2 and III:4), nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 340
market access (GATS XVI)
excluded measures (GATS XVI:2) GATS 99
relationship between GATS XVI:1 and VI:2 GATS 99
“measures affecting trade in services” (GATS I:1), “a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” (GATS I:1) GATS 13
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), “a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” GATT 363, 367
national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII)
“commercial presence” (GATS XXVIII(d)) and GATS 227
conditions and qualifications (GATS XVII:1) GATS 127
elements of claim GATS 125
“like service and service supplier” (GATS XVII:1), wholesale transactions GATS 129
“treatment no less favourable” (GATS XVII:2) GATS 130–1
burden of proof GATS 131
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
distinct elements reviewed DSU 195
omission of measure, good faith assumption that it was not being challenged identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2) DSU 213
Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX)
inscription of measures inconsistent with GATS XVI and GATS XVII (GATS XX:2) GATS 196
as integral part of GATS (GATS XX:3) GATS 199
interpretation and clarification, supplementary means of interpretation (VCLT 32), summary of AB guidance on potentially relevant instruments GATS 179
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of matter before it”, independent assessment, panel’s right to choose position other than that articulated by parties DSU 523
“trade in services” (GATS 1:2), cross-border trade (GATS I:2(a)), relevant factors, means of delivery GATS 15
China — Raw Materials (Panel), WT/DS394/R and Corr.1, WT/DS395/R and Corr.1, WT/DS398/R and Corr.1
accession protocols
as balance of rights and obligations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 253
as integral part of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ II:2) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 253
fees and formalities connected with importation and exportation “limited … to the approximate cost of services rendered” (GATT VIII:1(a)), bidding/auctioning and GATT 502–3
General Exceptions (GATT XX(a)), measures necessary to protect public morals, accession protocol (China), applicability GATT 953–5
General Exceptions (GATT XX(g)), measures relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources, “exhaustible natural resources”, GATT XI:2(a) distinguished GATT 635
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2)
“identify”, sufficiency of, “among others” DSU 224
“specific”, security and predictability of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations (DSU 3.2) and DSU 224
Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2), quantitative restrictions (GATT XI:1) and GATT 629
international law / “relevant rules of international law” (VCLT 31(3)(c)) with particular reference to the interpretation of covered agreements (DSU 3(2)), sovereignty DSU 1605
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
context (VCLT 31(2)), “any agreement relating to … made in connection with the conclusion…” (VCLT 31(2)(a)) DSU 1565
as a whole/holistic/harmonious exercise DSU 1605, 1743
licensing requirement, as QR (GATT XI:1) GATT 606, 614
“measures at issue” (DSU 6.2)
amended measures, amendment after establishment of panel DSU 383
prospective measure, “of the same essence” DSU 383
publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X)
“laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings” (GATT X:1)
failure to fix quota as GATT 517
“made effective” GATT 528
measures of general application (GATT X:1) GATT 525
“shall be published” (GATT X:1), “in such a manner as to enable …” GATT 537
uniform, impartial and reasonable administration (GATT X:3(a))
“i³¾±è²¹°ù³Ù¾±²¹±ô”
absence of guidelines or standards and GATT 571
conflict of interest and GATT 572
“r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð”, absence of guidelines or standards and GATT 577
Ò¡²Ô¾±´Ú´Ç°ù³¾” GATT 567
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
“export prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:2(a))
burden of proof GATT 631
“essential products” GATT 634
GATT XX(g) distinguished GATT 635
identity of meaning with GATT XI:1 GATT 632
“prevent or relieve critical shortages” GATT 635
“temporarily applied” GATT 633
“prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1)
import prohibition, enforcement measures GATT 611
licensing requirements GATT 606, 614
minimum export price requirement GATT 617
prohibition or restriction on exportation or sale for export GATT 629
relationships within and between agreements
GATT XI:1/GATT XI:2 GATT 632
GATT XI:1/TRIMs Illustrative List GATT 629
GATT XI:2(a)/GATT XX(g) GATT 635
security and predictability of°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations (DSU 3.2), specificity in request for establishment of a panel DSU 224
sovereignty
conclusion of treaty as exercise of inherent sovereign right DSU 1742–3
as a rule/fundamental principle of international law DSU 1605
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
abandoned claim, right to resurrect DSU 414
request for establishment of panel as basis DSU 414
third party enhanced rights/rights beyond those indicated in DSU 10.2, DSU 10.3 and Appendix 3, para. 6 DSU 487
treaties, conclusion as exercise of inherent sovereign right DSU 1742–3
TRIMs Agreement, quantitativemeasures (GATT XI and) GATT 629
Chinese Taipei, accession protocol, Special Exchange Agreement GATT 706
cinematograph film (GATT IV), GATT practice GATT 431
circumvention of quotas: see textile quotas, circumvention (ATC 5)
Civil Aircraft Agreement: see Aircraft Agreement (AIR)
claims and arguments: see legal basis of claim; notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)); notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)(d)), claims and arguments distinguished; standing/right to bring claim (DSU 3.7); third party rights
Codex Alimentarius Commission, cooperation with
definitions, relevance to SPS measures (Annex A(1)) SPS 479
Equivalence Decision (SPS 4) SPS 115–16
food safety standards and SPS 70
panel’s decision not to seek information from (DSU 13.1) DSU 754
provision of information to SPS Committee SPS 2
coherence in global economic policy-making: see IMF/°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ relationship (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ III:5), Declaration on Coherence in Global Economic Policymaking (1994)
collegiality (DSB/AB) DSU 1148 n. 1802, 1369
Colombia, ATC safeguard measures (ATC 6), TMB discussion ATC 32, 49, 69
Colombia — Ports of Entry (Panel), WT/DS366/R and Corr.1
burden of proof (general rules), implementation measures, reasonable period for (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 581, 1089
customs value determination (VAL)
“customs valuation”
customs control distinguished VAL 1
“customs value” (VAL 15.1(a)) as aid to interpretation VAL 1
ordinary/dictionary meaning VAL 1–2
“reasonable means” (VAL 7)
“cannot be determined” (VAL 7.1), minimum customs values, exclusion (VAL 7(2)), developing countries’ right to suspend (Annex III, para. 2) VAL 41
higher of two alternative values, exclusion (VAL 7.2(b)) VAL 40
obligation to inform importer of determined customs value and method used (VAL 7.3) VAL 43
prohibited customs valuation methods (VAL 7.2) VAL 39
sequencing nature of VAL 1–7 valuation methods VAL 8–9
surety for ultimate payment (VAL 13), payment vs guarantee VAL 2–3
transaction value, as primary basis (VAL 1) VAL 12
freedom of transit (GATT V)
“date of this Agreement” (GATT XXVI:1) and GATT 444
GATT V:5 and V:6 compared GATT 439
“no distinction shall be made” (GATT V:2) GATT 436–8
“products which have been in transit” (GATT V:6) GATT 440–3
ordinary meaning GATT 440
“there shall be freedom of transit” (GATT V:2), ordinary meaning GATT 434
“traffic in transit” (GATT V:1)
Barcelona Convention and Statute on Freedom Transit (1921) as basis GATT 433
preparatory work (VCLT 32) GATT 432–3
GATT, “date of this agreement” (GATT XXVI:1), GATT V and GATT 444
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent elements, “n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â” to secure compliance, balancing of factors GATT 920
Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2), QRs (GATT XI:1) and GATT 646
implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21), impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau), burden of proof (general rules) DSU 581, 1089
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
context (VCLT 31(2)), title GATT 441
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) TRIMs 18
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” (GATT I)
“like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù” analysis
explicit discrimination and GATT 40–1
hypothetical imports GATT 41
“measures at issue” (DSU 6.2), amended measures, amendment after establishment of panel DSU 259
MFN treatment (GATT I:1)
“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like ±è°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦³Ù”, differential treatment on the basis of origin of product and GATT 53
“advantage”, flexible import procedures GATT 36
“all rules and formalities” GATT 29
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“customs valuation” (VAL) VAL 1–2
“freedom of transit” (GATT V:1) GATT 434
“products which have been in transit” (GATT V:6) GATT 440
preliminary rulings (procedural aspects), working procedures, need for DSU 347
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
GATT XIII and GATT 685
“prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1)
equality of competitive conditions as test GATT 605
restrictions on ports of entry GATT 620
trade effects, relevance GATT 605
relationships within and between agreements
GATT I:1/GATT V:6 GATT 445
GATT V:5/GATT V:6 GATT 439, 441
GATT XI:1/TRIMs 2/Illustrative List TRIMs 18
GATT XI/GATT XIII GATT 685
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 212
Colombia — Ports of Entry (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS366/13
developing countries (DSU 21.2) (implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings), “reasonable period” (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 1071
implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21), prompt compliance (DSU 21.1), modification of underlying economic or social conditions distinguished DSU 1000
implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings, surveillance (DSU 21), prompt compliance (DSU 21.1), flexibility DSU 1003
“reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)
arbitrator’s limited mandate, determination of reasonable period DSU 1025
burden of proof DSU 1089
coordination with other changes, relevance DSU 1082
developing countries and (DSU 21.2) DSU 1071
multiple possibilities DSU 1094
obligation to commence implementation in good time DSU 1047
Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance to determination of “material advantage” (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)) SCM 632–5, 650
Committee on Specific Commitments
establishment GATS 215
terms of reference GATS 215
compensation for non-compliance with covered agreement or DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22): see suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17)
see also standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6); standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6); standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11); terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
“clarification of existing provisions” DSU 49, 51, 52–3, 57, 299, 386, 529, 630, 639, 661, 703
compétence de la compétence/obligation to address jurisdictional issues [on own motion] DSU 77, 364–6, 367, 369, 438, 800, 1126, 1327, 1419–20
as general rule of international arbitration DSU 366, 1327, 1702
competence of panel and AB compared AD 925–6, DSU 605, 846
determination of establishment/termination of panel DSU 182
ex aequo et bono jurisdiction, exclusion DSU 1708
finding on issue not raised by parties DSU 438
“make such other findings”, judicial economy and, 17.637–56:
see also judicial economy
“may uphold, modify or reverse” legal findings (DSU 17.13)
“legal findings and conclusions”: see standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), legal findings or developed interpretations, limitation to (DSU 17.13)
legal status, “moot” / “of no legal effect” finding DSU 893–5
unappealed findings °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 281, GATT 1041, DSU 822, 892
not to add to or diminish rights and obligations (DSU 3.2/19.2) SPS 503, DSU 60–1, 155, 988–9, 1147 n. 1795, 1551, 1708
right to “seek redress” (DSU 23.1) and DSU 1303
obligation to exercise jurisdiction/should make an objective assessment GATT 1044, DSU 518, 535–6
preservation of rights and obligations of Members under covered agreements GATT 562
right to develop own legal reasoning including arguments not adduced by parties (jura novit curia) DSU 324, 326, 328, 416, 574–5, 1710
“shall address the relevant provisions/each issue” (DSU 7.2/DSU 17.12), judicial economy and DSU 422, 890–1
competition policy: see trade and competition policy, interaction between (Doha 23–5)
compliance with covered agreement obligations, obligation
breach by other Members, relevance AD 386, 509
as preferred solution (DSU 22.1) DSU 1330
legal representation/private counsel DSU 722–7
Member’s right to determine DSU 722, 723, 915, 1732
panel working procedures DSU 722, 727, 1212
preliminary ruling on DSU 914
see also panellists
citizens of parties (DSU 8.3) DSU 439
TMB distinguished DSU 433
determination by Director-General (DSU 8.7)
Deputy Director-General in place of DSU 441
discretionary nature DSU 440
determination by panel DSU 438 n. 721, 1494
“diverse background” (DSU 8.2) DSU 431, 1356
eligibility (DSU 8.) DSU 430
five-member panel (DSU 8.5) DSU 436
indicative list (DSU 8.4) DSU 435
preliminary ruling on DSU 437, 1494
replacement of panellist DSU 442
confidential information (AD 6.5)
access to information provided by another interested party (AD 6.1.1/AD 6.1.2) and AD 452
access to parties’ own confidential information AD 491
“by nature confidential” / “provided on a confidential basis”, distinguishability AD 496–500
disclosure “without specific permission” AD 508
“good cause shown” AD 452, 496, 502–4
“by nature confidential” / “provided on a confidential basis” distinction, relevance AD 496–500
as responsibility of party submitting information AD 496
justification for request, relevance AD 518
non-confidential summaries (AD 6.5.1)
access to confidential information, relevance AD 516–17
as balance between protection of confidentiality and need to ensure opportunity to defend interests AD 512, 514, 598, 606
obligation to provide/evaluation of sufficiency AD 513
purpose AD 511
statement of reasons why information “not susceptible of summary” AD 452, 509–15
“parties to an investigation” AD 501
public notice of determinations (AD 12) and AD 599, 646
publicly available information AD 499
right to rely on AD 598–600, 845
unwarranted request for confidentiality, right to disregard information (AD 6.5.2) AD 598 n. 830
confidential information (SCM 12.4)
non-confidential summaries (SCM 12.4.1)
access to confidential information, relevance SCM 383
statement of reasons why information “not susceptible of summary” SCM 384–6
“in exceptional circumstances” SCM 385–6
“sufficient detail to permit a reasonable understanding” SCM 382–3
confidential information (SG 3.2) SG 110–11
non-confidential summaries SG 111
panel’s right to seek information or technical advice (DSU 13/SPS 11.2), relevance SG 113–15
publication of findings and reasoned conclusions (SG 3.1) and SG 112
confidential information (VAL 10) VAL 47
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3/ABWP 27)
see also business confidential information (BCI); confidential information (AD 6.5); confidential information (SG 3.2); consultations (DSU 4), confidentiality (DSU 4.6); °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ documents, General Council Decisions on circulation and derestriction
adverse inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw (DSU 13) and SG 115, DSU 561
amicus curiae briefs and DSU 126, 914, 917
arbitration (DSU 25.3), acceptance of information or technical advice (DSU 13) and DSU 764, 1334
Article 22.6 proceedings DSU 927
“deliberations” (DSU 14.1) DSU 769–70
international tribunal practice DSU 770 n. 1233
evidence of breach DSU 914
interim review reports DSU 813–16, 913, 918
non-confidential summary of information (DSU 18.2) DSU 912, 915 n. 1441, 1335
non-derogable elements DSU 888
obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 725–6, 914, 919, 928
panel’s right to seek information or technical advice (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2), relevance SG 113–15, DSU 764, 1334
preliminary rulings on DSU 917
private counsel/advisers not part of delegation and DSU 914–18, 1488–90
joint representation DSU 928, 1490
“proceedings” (DSU 17.10) DSU 886
public hearings: see public hearings
“submissions” and statements of own position distinguished DSU 734, 887, 910
third party obligations DSU 517
third party rights (ABWP 27) DSU 888
time limits for non-disclosure DSU 911
confidentiality of proceedings (RoC VII:1) DSU 1486–7
public hearings and DSU 1483
“shall in no way modify the rights and obligations” requirement (RoC II) and DSU 1483–4
conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures with AD obligations, obligation to ensure (AD 18.4)
classification as law, regulation or administrative procedure
applicability of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ law AD 970 n. 1324
normative value as determining factor DSU 264, 281–3
dispute settlement procedures (AD 17) and AD 876, 970
finding of non-conformity under any AD provision °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 290, 291, AD 978–9
legislation “as such” and AD 878, 969
zeroing procedures and AD 143–5
maintenance of inconsistent legislation AD 968
notification of laws and regulations (AD 18.5) AD 972–4
absence of legislation AD 972
notification of changes AD 972
notifications AD 973
observer government obligations and AD 972
to relevant laws and regulations AD 972
US Customs Bond Directive AD 974
conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures with LIC Agreement (LIC 8.2(a)), obligation to inform LIC Committee of changes (LIC 8.2(b)), procedures LIC 52
conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures with SCM obligations, obligation to ensure (SCM 32.5) SCM 596–8
notification of changes to laws and regulations (SCM32.6) SCM 599
conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures with °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ obligations, obligation to ensure (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4)
1.286–95: see also legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4)
characterization of transaction under domestic law, relevance DSU 528, 1625
“existing legislation” exceptions, exclusion SPS 588
judicial decisions °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 288
non-performance of obligations under covered agreements, exclusion of domestic law as justification (VCLT 27) GATS 140, TRIPS 5, DSU 1516–20, 1679
Schedule of concessions and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 287
suspension of concessions (DSU 22) and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 289
technical regulations (TBT 2.4) and TBT 50
Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) Data Base °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 135, GATT 182–3
dissemination and access GATT 187–9
Integrated Data Base (IDB) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 135, GATT 185–6
loose-leaf schedules GATT 181
format for inclusion of agricultural commitments GATT 184
Market Access Committee decisions relating to °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 135, GATT 181–9
consultation and dispute settlement (AD 17)
GATT XXII and XXIII compared AD 873–4, 888, 944–5
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2)
see also identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2)
legal basis for consultation/claim (AD 17.3/AD 17.4)
legislation as such: see legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4), AD 17.3/AD 17.4
“measure” (AD 17.4)
continued zeroing AD 145, 896–7
“m²¹³Ù³Ù±ð°ù”, referral to DSB (AD 17.4)
identification of measure at issue requirement (DSU 6.2), identification as anti-dumping duty, acceptance of price undertaking or provisional measure, need for AD 890, 891
identification of measure at issue requirement (DSU 6.2), sufficiency AD 899
“if final action has been taken” AD 889–97
“m²¹³Ù³Ù±ð°ù” AD 898, 951, DSU 370
specificity AD 899
request for establishment of panel, requirements (AD 17.5), DSU 6.2 and AD 903, 948
review (AD 17.6) AD 910
special or additional rule and procedure (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), whether AD 870–2, 888, 954, DSU 13–14, 15
standard/powers of review: see standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)
consultation and dispute settlement (RO 7 and 8) RO 25
consultation and dispute settlement (TBT 14)
technical expert group, panel’s right to establish (TBT 14.2) TBT 147–8, DSU 25
DSU 13.2 compared TBT 147, DSU 25
individual advice, right to seek TBT 147
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2) and DSU 25
consultation and dispute settlement (VAL 19)
standard of review of claims under (DSU 11) VAL 4–7
applicability of DSU 11 VAL 4
VAL 1.1 and 1.2(a) claims VAL 5
consultation (PSI 7) PSI 27
due process and ATC 76
obligatory nature ATC 79
retroactivity (trade measures) (ATC 6.10) and ATC 76
specific and factual information as up to date as possible
presentation of information ATC 69
TMB review and ATC 27, 32, 69–73
acceleration (DSU 4.9), panel’s workload and DSU 174
addendum to original request DSU 150
adequacy of consultations (DSU 4.5), Panel responsibilities in relation to DSU 160–1, 161, 163, 170
conditional request DSU 146, 148
determining adequacy of consultations and DSU 163
disclosure of information obtained in different proceedings DSU 167
disclosure of information obtained in same proceedings DSU 164–6
information in the public domain DSU 162
offers of settlement during consultations and DSU 168
third party participation and DSU 169
consultations (SCM 4.1–4) compared DSU 140, 142
continuance of identified measures after consultations (DSU 4.4), effect DSU 149
developing countries and (DSU 4.10), extension of periods agreed under DSU 4.7 and 4.8 (DSU 12.10) DSU 713
disclosure obligation DSU 138, 303, 675
evidence obtained during, admissibility in panel proceedings DSU 630
GATT practice DSU 151
good faith and (DSU 4.3) DSU 105, 128, 132, 154–5
confidential information as evidence of bad faith DSU 154, 165
identity of specific measures in the consultations and the request for establishment of a panel, relevance DSU 142–5, 417
preliminary ruling on DSU 417, 427
“scope” as basis for comparison DSU 147
joinder of third parties having “substantial trade interest” (DSU 4.11) DSU 175–6, 468
legal status of offers made in course of unsuccessful consultations ATC 26, DSU 168
measure at issue (DSU 4.4)
“a´Ú´Ú±ð³¦³Ù¾±²Ô²µ” DSU 152
discretion in identifying (DSU 4.2), desirability DSU 152, 200 n. 267
expired measures (DSU 4.2) DSU 152
measure subsequent to request for consultations, extension of existing measure distinguished DSU 149
mutually agreed solution (DSU 3.6) and DSU 136, 170
notification of request for (DSU 4.4)
identification of measure at issue DSU 157
“identification of specific measure” (DSU 6.2) distinguished DSU 157
legal basis of the complaint, DSU 6.2 compared DSU 158–9
procedure DSU 156
statement of available evidence (SCM 4.2), relevance DSU 171
obligation to disclose information DSU 136, 138–9
as prerequisite to establishment of panel/requirement to indicate whether held (DSU 6.2) DSU 141, 145, 153, 171
exceptions
agreement within 60 day period that consultations have failed to settle dispute (DSU 4.7) DSU 172
parties’ agreement to forego consultations DSU 153, 172–3, 207
TMB review proceedings (ATC 8.10) ATC 91
omission of indication, effect DSU 208
panel’s obligation to examine absence DSU 205–6
request for Article 21.5 arbitration and DSU 208
requirement to indicate whether held (DSU 6.2) distinguished DSU 153, 207
purpose/importance DSU 136, 138–9
definition and clarification of dispute DSU 144–5, 152
as unconditional obligation (DSU 4.2) DSU 137
“without prejudice” nature of obligation (DSU 4.6) DSU 137
offers made during consultations and DSU 168
written request (DSU 4.4) as basis DSU 146
consultations (DSU 21.5), ad hoc procedural agreement DSU 1168–9
see also request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4)
accelerated/expedited procedures (SCM 4.3), statement of evidence (SCM 4.2) and SCM 188–90, 192–4
consultations (DSU 4) compared DSU 140, 142
object and purpose
clarification and development of the facts of the situation/ mutually agreed solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 194, 198–9, 202, DSU 142
withdrawal of measure SCM 234
as special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), 13.197, 17.17–21:
“statement of available evidence” (SCM 4.2) SCM 197
accelerated proceedings and SCM 188–90, 192–4, 197
all facts distinguished SCM 192
disclosure of arguments distinguished SCM 192
DSU 4.4 distinguished SCM 197
DSU 4.7 compared DSU 171
evidence of nature as subsidy, need for SCM 197
explicit reference, relevance SCM 195
failure to submit, effect SCM 196
new evidence, right to submit, objective assessment (DSU 11) and SCM 193
request for establishment of panel (SCM 4.4) distinguished SCM 191, DSU 138
³Ù¾±³¾±ð–l¾±³¾¾±³Ù²õ, new evidence and allegations SCM 188–90, DSU 624
“initiation of investigation” (SCM 13.1)
“in any event before” SCM 402
“initiated” (SCM 10 footnote 37) and SCM 356
invitation to consult and consultations distinguished SCM 401
consumption of inputs in the production process (SCM, Annex II footnote 61), difficulty of resolving issues related to SCM 666–8
copyright and related rights (TRIPS Part II Section 1)
see also Berne Convention/TRIPS; Paris Convention (PC)/TRIPS
geographical indications: see geographical indications (TRIPS Part II Section 3) (GIs)
limitations and exceptions (TRIPS 13) TRIPS 114–16
“certain special cases” TRIPS 114–16
cumulative nature TRIPS 109
legitimacy/legitimate public policy and TRIPS 114–16
new TRIPS rights, whether limited to TRIPS 107, 110
public performance (Berne 11)/broadcasting (Berne 11bis), applicability to TRIPS 110–12
“which do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work”
application to individual exclusive rights, need for TRIPS 119
“e³æ±è±ô´Ç¾±³Ù” TRIPS 117
“n´Ç°ù³¾²¹±ô” TRIPS 118
“which do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder”
equitable remuneration and TRIPS 118 n. 123
“i²Ô³Ù±ð°ù±ð²õ³Ù²õ” TRIPS 122–3
“l±ð²µ¾±³Ù¾±³¾²¹³Ù±ð” TRIPS 123
ordinary meaning TRIPS 123
“prejudice”, criteria/test TRIPS 124–6
Ò¡²Ô°ù±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô²â” TRIPS 124
patents: see patents (TRIPS part II Section 5)
trademarks, see also trademarks (TRIPS Part II Section 2)
costs of marketing exports (AG 9.1(d)): see export subsidy commitments (AG 9); costs of marketing exports (AG 9.1(d))
Council for Trade in Goods (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:5)
functions °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 81–3
meetings AD 865
reporting procedures °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 83
role and responsibility in relation to, extension of transition periods (TRIMs 5.3) TRIMs 32–5
rules of procedure (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 84
subsidiary bodies (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:6)
committees as at 31 December 2004 °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 93
working groups and parties as at 31 December 2011 °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 92
Council for Trade in Services (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:5)
functions °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 85
observer status
government GATS 218
international organizations GATS 218
subsidiary Council bodies GATS 218
World Health Organization GATS 219
World Tourism Organization GATS 219
reporting procedures °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 86
rules of procedure (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 87, 182, GATS 217
subsidiary bodies: see rules of procedure
subsidiary bodies established at 31 December 2004 (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:6) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 97
countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10)
see also suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
“a±è±è°ù´Ç±è°ù¾±²¹³Ù±ð” SCM 224–30, DSU 1288–9
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and (SCM 4.11) SCM 233, 244–5, DSU 1260, 1283, 1292–3
footnote 10 and SCM 236
nullification or impairment distinguished, see also nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8), suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
proportionality (footnote 9) SCM 226, 227, 228–30, 236, DSU 1290–1, 1698
SCM 4.10/4.11, identity of meaning SCM 231
arbitration (DSU 22.6) and (SCM 4.11)
as special or additional rules and procedures SCM 246–7, DSU 22–4, 1241–2, 1279–80, 1282–3
calculation of countermeasure, possible bases/relevant factors
adverse trade effects SCM 233, 237–9
amount of subsidy SCM 233
products not in competition SCM 240
suspension of concessions (DSU 22.4) distinguished SCM 221 n. 343, 225, 233, 234–9, 238, 253–4, DSU 1241, 1260, 1283
“c´Ç³Ü²Ô³Ù±ð°ù³¾±ð²¹²õ³Ü°ù±ð” SCM 221–3, DSU 1286–7, 1694
as retaliatory act SCM 222, 223, 232, 331, 335, DSU 1287, 1693
temporary nature SCM 223, 331, DSU 1287
inducement of compliance as objective SCM 221, 224, 225, DSU 1179, 1286, 1288
State responsibility and SCM 221, 223, 227, 331, DSU 1286, 1674 n. 2617, 1694, 1696–7
countermeasures in case of failure to take measures to remove adverse effects of or withdraw subsidy (SCM 7.9) SCM 331–40
“adverse effects determined to exist” SCM 334
arbitrators’ mandate/task (SCM 7.10) SCM 336
“c´Ç³¾³¾±ð²Ô²õ³Ü°ù²¹³Ù±ð” SCM 332
“c´Ç³Ü²Ô³Ù±ð°ù³¾±ð²¹²õ³Ü°ù±ð²õ”
as retaliatory act SCM 331, 335
SCM 4.10 and 4.11 compared SCM 223, 237, 331, 339–40
“degree and nature” SCM 333
inducement of compliance as objective SCM 232, 335
SCM 4.10 and DSU 22.4 compared SCM 335
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2) and SCM 338, DSU 24
countermeasures (general principles)
definition SCM 221, 221–2, DSU 1286, 1286–91, 1694
proportionality SCM 226, 228–30, 236, 253, DSU 1290–1, 1695–8
as retaliatory act SCM 222, 223, 232, 331, 335, DSU 1287, 1693
temporary nature SCM 331, DSU 1287
countervailing duties (AG 13 footnote 4) AG 138
countervailing duties (SCM Part V)
see also anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI)
calculation of countervailing duty/ “not in excess” (SCM 19.4)
GATT VI:3 and GATT 471
nexus, need for SCM 467
ordinary meaning SCM 467
compliance with GATT VI:3 and SCM Agreement (SCM 10) GATT 451, SCM 353–9, 691–2
calculation of subsidies GATT 471–2
“initiated” (SCM 10 footnote 37) SCM 356
domestic law as determining factor SCM 356
other SCM articles as context SCM 356
measures to which GATT VI not applicable SCM 481
permissible responses to subsidization GATT 469
continuing collection of duties imposed prior to entry into force of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement, SCM 32.3 and SCM 595
“countervailing duty” (SCM 10 footnote 36)
“any subsidy bestowed directly or indirectly” SCM 354
“offsetting” requirement SCM 353–4
double remedies and (GATT VI:5/SCM 19) GATT 455, 480–1, SCM 466, DSU 1617
expedited review, right to (SCM 19.3), 13.464–6: see also expedited review, right to (SCM 19.3)
preconditions (SCM 19.1), standard of proof (SCM 22.1) SCM 503
public notice and explanation of determinations (SCM 22) AD 12.2.2, SCM 22.4 and SCM 22.5, close similarity SCM 504 standard of proof (SCM 22.1) SCM 503
as remedy to offset benefits of subsidies SCM 4
review of need for continued imposition (SCM 21.2) SCM 481–7
in absence of request SCM 483
administrative review SCM 482
burden/standard of proof SCM 484–5
conditions: see anti-dumping duties, imposition and collection (AD 9), assessment (AD 9.3), conditions (AD 9.3.2, AD 11.2 and SCM 21.2)
“through the effects of subsidy” (SCM 19.1)
retroactive effect of withdrawal of subsidy (SMC 4.7) and SCM 208, 462
“through the effects of the subsidies” (SCM 15.5), identity of meaning SCM 461
criminal procedures (TRIPS 61)
absolute nature of obligation TRIPS 267
conformity with relative standard, benchmark TRIPS 274
evidence and procedure TRIPS 266
limitations on obligation TRIPS 268–9
minimum international standard requirement TRIPS 265
obligation to make remedies available (TRIPS 41.1) TRIPS 264
“on a commercial scale” TRIPS 269, 271–4
burden of proof TRIPS 273
de minimis (TRIPS 60) compared TRIPS 274
“trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy” TRIPS 270–4
cross-referencing, role AD 790, 797, SCM 369–70, 489–90, 498, 499
customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law (DSU 3.2)
1.8, 2.314, 3.26, 17.1306: see also international law/ “relevant rules of international law” (VCLT 31(3)(c)) with particular reference to the interpretation of covered agreements (DSU 3(2)), interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
in absence of specific provision SCM 694–5
customary international law other than customary rules of interpretation DSU 57–9, 1597, GPA 32 n. 45
DSU 3.2 GATT 80, SPS 8, AD 249 n. 349, 927, 931
error (VCLT) DSU 1670
GATT XXIII:1(b)/GPA GATT 991
general rule of interpretation (VCLT 31) as DSU 54–5, 1499, 1535, 1537–8
international law concepts not relevant to DSU dispute settlement DSU 1320
multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33) and. DSU 1665 n. 2604
non-retroactivity (VCLT 28) DSU 59, 1521, 1526, 1601
persistent objector rule DSU 1595 n. 2468, 1740 n. 2732
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II) AG 26
Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX) GATS 177, 199
SG 5.1 SG 227
supplementary means of interpretation (VCLT 32) as DSU 55, 1629
treaty application and treaty interpretation distinguished DSU 1580
conversion of measures to: see market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
“ordinary customs duties” (GATT II(1)(b)/AG 4.2) GATT 143–5, 174, AG 42–5, DSU 1660
customs duties and other charges (AIR 2)
binding of duties on repairs (AIR 2.1.3) AIR 11
elimination of customs duties and other charges on repairs (AIR 2.1.2), interpretative note AIR 10
customs unions (GATT XXIV:5(a))
see also RTAs (GATT XXIV:5)
as defence or exception (“shall not prevent”) GATT 1003–4
burden of proof GATT 1035
dependence on existence of customs union GATT 1004
on formation of customs union (GATT XXIV:5 chapeau) GATT 1003–4
extension of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ right prior to formation to other
constituent members GATT 1008
“would be prevented unless” requirement GATT 1004, 1052, SG 64–5
trade-restrictiveness test GATT 1011–13
definition (GATT XXIV:8(a))
internal trade arrangements (“substantially all trade”) (GATT XXIV:8(a)(i)) GATT 1030–3
GATT practice GATT 1033
jurisdiction (panel) to determine compatibility with GATT XXIV requirements GATT 1041
trade with third countries (“substantially the same”) (GATT XXIV:8(a)(ii)) GATT 1034–7
GATT practice GATT 1037
GATT practice GATT 996, 1006, 1014
GATT XXIV:5 chapeau, relationship with GATT 1003–5
“general incidence” of duties and GATT 1009
legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4) DSU 246
ordinary meaning (SG 2.1 footnote) SG 64
“other regulations of commerce”, GATT 1994 Understanding on Article XXIV GATT 1010
safeguard measures (SG 2.1 footnote 1) GATT 1055–6
right to exclude members of customs union from SG 67
territorial scope of treaties (VCLT 29) and DSU 1529
Customs Valuation Agreement (VAL)
compliance obligation (SGS) PSI 14–15
developing countries, delayed application and reservations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 262
dispute settlement: see consultation and dispute settlement (VAL 19)
disputes under VAL 65
GATT practice GATT 498, VAL 78
implementation proposals VAL 11
reservations (VAL 21/Protocol) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 297–9, VAL 73
adoption of practice of Tokyo Round Committee on Information on Technical Assistance VAL 67
adoption of Tokyo Round Committee decisions (12 May 1995) VAL 10, 22
correction of French text of Ad note to VAL 2 and 3 VAL 22
interpretations of VAL 8.1(b)(iv) VAL 44, 45
annual reports VAL 76
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 93
observer status VAL 62
PSI Agreement monitoring VAL 64, PSI 3, 29
rules of procedure (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 94, VAL 63
customs value determination (VAL)
additions to price actually paid/payable (VAL 8)
“development” (VAL 8.1(b)(iv)) VAL 46
interest charges (VAL 8.1) VAL 44
“undertaken” (VAL 8.1(b)(iv)) VAL 45
carrier media bearing software for data processing equipment (VAL 1) VAL 13
confidential information (VAL 10) VAL 47
“customs valuation”
customs control distinguished VAL 1
ordinary/dictionary meaning VAL 1–2
deductible items (VAL 5.1(a)) VAL 34–8
documented link to GAQ sale VAL 35
provincial taxes VAL 37
sales allowances VAL 36
transportation costs VAL 38
deductive valuation method (VAL 7.1/VAL 5.1) VAL 30–8
consultation requirement VAL 32–3
explanation of how customs value determined (VAL 16)
ex post facto explanations VAL 7
obligation to explain grounds (VAL 1.2(a)) distinguished VAL 58
GAQ, definition VAL 35
national legislation (VAL 22)
Checklist of Issues VAL 75
notification procedures VAL 74
“reasonable means” (VAL 7) VAL 28–43
“cannot be determined” (VAL 7.1) VAL 29
minimum customs values, exclusion (VAL 7(2))
developing countries’ right to suspend (Annex III, para.2) VAL 41
indicative prices VAL 42
higher of two alternative values, exclusion (VAL 7.2(b)) VAL 40
obligation to inform importer of determined customs value and method used (VAL 7.3) VAL 43
prohibited customs valuation methods (VAL 7.2) VAL 39
sequencing nature of VAL 1–7 valuation methods VAL 8–9
“reasonable means” (VAL 7.1), exclusion as basis of independent sequencing claim VAL 9, 28
special and differential treatment (VAL 20/VAL Annex III), continued application of 1979 Agreement: see special and differential treatment (VAL 20/VAL Annex III)
surety for ultimate payment (VAL 13) VAL 48
transaction value
conditions (VAL 1.2(a)) VAL 14
examination of circumstances of sale in related-party transaction (VAL 1.2(a)) VAL 15–19
balance of importer/customs authorities’ responsibilities VAL 17–18
“examine” (ordinary meaning/context) VAL 17–18
procedural obligations (including Interpretative Note to VAL 1.3) VAL 15–16
responsibility for providing information VAL 17–18
SG 3.1 investigation compared VAL 18
substantive obligations VAL 17–18
obligation to communicate grounds for rejecting transaction value VAL 20–1
as primary basis (VAL 1) VAL 12
“transaction value” (VAL 1.1) VAL 14
truth or accuracy of customs declaration (VAL 17)
Customs Committee decision relating to (1995) VAL 59
Customs Valuation Committee mandate VAL 61
Doha decision relating to VAL 60
unit price at which goods are sold in country of importation (VAL 5), Members’ right to choose method for determining VAL 25