°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ ANALYTICAL INDEX: INDEX
Index
The following index covers the body text of this book but not the text of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreements. Disputes have been indexed under the name of the °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Member respondent in the dispute and under the subject matter.
T
AB appointments DSU 838
ad hoc procedural “sequencing” agreements (DSU 21.5/DSU 22.6) DSU 1156
amicus curiae briefs DSU 745
appealed reports (DSU 17.4) DSU 839
Article 21.3(b) agreements DSU 1017
Article 21.3(c) “reasonable period” awards DSU 1019
Article 22.6 arbitration proceedings, time taken DSU 1214
Article 22.6 proceedings, decisions DSU 1213
BCI additional procedures DSU 921
disputes by covered agreement DSU 1746
expert evidence (DSU 13.2/SPS 11.2) DSU 768
multiple panels (DSU 9.3) DSU 461
non-violation complaints (GATT XXIII:1(b)) DSU 1348
panel’s exercise of right to seek information from IGOs (DSU 13/ SPS 11.2) DSU 755
public hearings (panel) DSU 925
public observation of oral hearing/ “passive participation” (ABWP 27(3)) DSU 1452
separate opinions (AB) (DSU 17.11) DSU 889
separate opinions (Article 22.6 decisions) DSU 1215
single panels (DSU 9.2) DSU 445
third party enhanced rights DSU 494
time taken from circulation of AB report to date of adoption (DSU 17.14) DSU 904
time taken from panel establishment to determination of reasonable period of time (DSU 21.4) DSU 1098–9
time taken to complete
AB proceedings (DSU 17.5) DSU 840
Article 21, 5 proceedings DSU 1155
Article 21.3(c) proceedings DSU 1097
dispute proceedings DSU 443, 834, 996
panel procedings DSU 712
tariff concessions: see Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
tariff data bases: see consolidated tariff databases
Information Technology Agreement (Singapore) GATT 193–9
sectoral discussions and negotiations GATT 200
tariff negotiations (GATT XXVIII bis and Ad Article) GATT 1086–7
GATT practice GATT 1087
tax discrimination: see national treatment tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
see also consultation and dispute settlement (TBT 14); “international standards … as a basis for technical regulation” (TBT 2.4/Annex 1); MFN treatment (TBT 2.1); notification procedures (TBT 2.9); TBT Committee; TBT standards, preparation, adoption and application (TBT 4 and Annex 3 (Code of Good Practice)); technical assistance (TBT 11); technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, information and assistance (TBT 10–12); technical regulations and standards, conformity with (TBT 5–9); technical regulations (TBT 2/Annex 1.1) see also under TBT standards, preparation, adoption and application (TBT 4 and Annex 3 (Code))
definitions (TBT 1.1 and Annex 1), international standards definitions and (TBT 1.1) TBT 8–9
GATT III:4 and GATT 418
object and purpose (preamble)
as aid to interpreting TBT Agreement TBT 1–7
avoidance of unnecessary obstacles to trade/regulatory autonomy TBT 4, 23
functional approach to requirements (TBT 2.8) and TBT 76
reservations (TBT 15.1) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 297
review of implementation
annual reviews TBT 150
contents of Members’ statements (TBT 15.2) TBT 149
Triennial Reviews of Operation and Implementation (TBT 15.4) TBT 151
TBT Code of Good Practice (TBT Annex 3) TBT 170–7
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 93
implementation of TBT Agreement
annual reviews (TBT 15.3) TBT 150
consideration of specific trade concerns TBT 144–6
Triennial Reviews of Operation and Implementation (TBT 15.4) TBT 151
recommendations and decisions relating to
Code of Good Practice (TBT Annex 3) TBT 170–7
conformity assessment procedures (central government) (TBT 5) TBT 111–15
conformity assessment procedures (Local government) (TBT 7) TBT 118–19
information about technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures (TBT 10) TBT 120–6
information exchange (central government assessment of conformity assessment) TBT 116–17
notification procedures (TBT 2.9) TBT 81–99
observer status TBT 143
preparation, adoption and application of standards (TBT 4) TBT 108–10
regional standards-related activities TBT 110
principles for the development of international standards TBT 75
review of implementation (TBT 15.2) TBT 149
special and differential treatment (TBT 12) TBT 132–4
technical assistance (TBT 11) TBT 127–31
rules of procedure (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 94, TBT 142
Technical Working Group TBT 111
TBT objectives (TBT preamble) and TBT 5
TBT standards, preparation, adoption and application (TBT 4 and Annex 3 (Code of Good Practice)), TBT Committee decisions relating to TBT 108–9, 170–7
Equivalence Decision and SPS 114
special and differential treatment (SPS 10) (Doha) SPS 377–8
information exchange TBT 130–1
TBT recommendations and decisions relating to TBT 127–31
technical barriers to trade (AIR 3) AIR 20
technical cooperation and capacity building (Doha)
Global Trust Fund °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 188
Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation DSU 1357
Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed countries and Joint Integrated Technical Assistance and Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP), identification of ways of enhancing and rationalizing, 1.111: see also Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed countries (IF)
priorities, accession to membership
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Guidelines (1996) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 108
technical cooperation (TRIPS 67)
contact points for exchange of information between donors and recipients TRIPS 300
developed countries’ presentations of technical and financial cooperation programmes TRIPS 299
IGOs and TRIPS 299
WIPO Copyright Agreement (1996) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 162, TRIPS 301
technical and financial assistance and training
agricultural productivity and food aid
Singapore AG 154
technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, information and assistance (TBT 10–12)
information about regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures (TBT 10) TBT 120–6
translation (TBT 10.5) TBT 90, 124
notification of agreement on technical regulations, standards or conformity assessment procedures which may have a significant effect on trade (TBT 2.10) TBT 125–6
special and differential treatment (TBT 12): see special and differential treatment (TBT 12)
technical assistance (TBT 11) TBT 127–31
technical regulations and standards, conformity with (TBT 5–9)
assessment procedures (central government bodies) (TBT 5), TBT decisions and recommendations relating to TBT 111–15
assessment procedures (local government), notification of proposed procedures (TBT 2.7), TBT decisions and recommendations relating to TBT 118–19
assessment procedures and technical regulation distinguished TBT 168
enquiry points (TBT 10.1 and 10.3) TBT 121–3
exchange of information in relation to central governments’ recognition of conformity assessment by central governments (TBT 6) TBT 116–17
Technical Working Group and TBT 111
technical regulations (TBT 2/Annex 1.1)
changing circumstances and (TBT 2.3) TBT 47
conformity assessment procedures distinguished TBT 168
functional approach to (TBT 2.8) TBT 76–80
interpretation in accordance with terms, context, object and purpose TBT 80
specificity, relevance TBT 80
test for determining compliance with TBT 79
“wherever appropriate” TBT 77–9
burden of proof TBT 78
measures not qualifying as/ SPS measures TBT 22, 24–5
MFN treatment (TBT 2.1) and TBT 15–17, 32, 168
“not more trade-restrictive than necessary to fulfil a legitimate objective” (TBT 2.2) TBT 26–7
availability of less trade-restrictive alternative TBT 26–7
“for this purpose” /interrelationship between first and second sentences TBT 33–5
functional approach to (TBT 2.8) and TBT 76
“legitimate objective”
qualification as TBT 26–7, 44–5
as starting point for analysis TBT 41
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â”
SPS 5.6 footnote 3 and TBT 39, 39–40
special account of needs of developing countries (TBT 12) distinguished TBT 136
“taking account of risks” of non-fulfilment TBT 46
TBT 2.1 (MFN treatment) distinguished TBT 32
“t°ù²¹»å±ð-°ù±ð²õ³Ù°ù¾±³¦³Ù¾±±¹±ð” TBT 36
publication of regulations/entry into force (TBT 2.12), “reasonable interval” TBT 104–7
“technical regulation” (Annex 1.1) TBT 155–66
“identifiable product or group of products” TBT 156
express identification, relevance TBT 156
mandatory compliance TBT 161–4
measure as a whole, need to consider TBT 165
“product characteristics” TBT 157–60
ordinary meaning TBT 157
three-tier test/order of analysis (TBT 2.4) TBT 48, 155
see also International Telecommunications Union (ITU); TBT standards preparation adoption and application of (TBT 4 and Annex 3 (Code))
cross-border trade, relevant factors (GATS I:2(a))
commercial presence, sufficiency (GATS I:2(c)) GATS 22, 148
degree of interaction between suppliers GATS 20
links to another operator GATS 21
ownership and control of infrastructure to supply service GATS 17–19
supplier’s place of operation or presence GATS 16
MFN treatment (GATS II), exemption GATS 43
Negotiating Group on Basic Telecommunications, establishment GATS 170, 216
telecommunications, GATS Annex on Basic Telecommunications
access and use (Section 5)
“any service supplier of any other member … for a service included in its schedule” (Section 5(a)) GATS 243
by scheduled suppliers of basic telecommunications GATS 242–4
“conditions” (Section 5(e)) GATS 252
developing countries’ right to place reasonable conditions on (Section 5(g)) GATS 256
interrelationship between Section 5(a) and Section 5(b)-(f) GATS 245–6
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â” (Section 5(e)) GATS 253–4
“reasonable and non-discriminatory” terms and conditions (Section 5(a)) GATS 245
“r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð” (Section 5(a)) GATS 248–9
“shall apply to all measures” (Section 2(a)) GATS 242
“subject to paragraphs (e) and (f)” GATS 250
“terms” (Section 5(a)) GATS 247
Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications and GATS 257
“shall ensure” /obligation (Section 5(b)) GATS 251
unscheduled service, prevention (Section 5(e)(iii)) GATS 255
telecommunications, GATS XVIII Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications
Annex on Basic Telecommunications and GATS 257
“anti-competitive practices” (Section 1.1)
“anti-dumping practices” GATS 135–7
cross-subsidization GATS 138
horizontal price-fixing GATS 136–7
“major supplier” and GATS 136
practices not listed under Section 1.2 GATS 137, 138
practices required by domestic law, relevance GATS 138–41
proportionate return system GATS 143
setting of uniform price GATS 142
“appropriate measures” (Section 1.1) GATS 144
cross-border supply, applicability to GATS 145–9
“specific commitments undertaken” (Section 2.1) GATS 145
interconnection (Section 2) GATS 145–60
cost-oriented rates (Section 2.2(b)) GATS 153–60
“cost-oriented rates” (Section 2.2(b))
aggregate price for domestic use/price for international use comparison, validity GATS 158–9
incremental cost methodologies and GATS 155
international grey market rates, relevance GATS 160
“r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð” GATS 156
“major supplier” (Section 2.2) and GATS 150
“major supplier” (definitions)
“ability to materially affect …” GATS 151
competitive safeguards (Section 1.1) and GATS 136
“control over essential facilities” GATS 152
interconnection (Section 2.2) and GATS 150
relevant market, relevance GATS 150
“use of its position in the market” GATS 152
text GATS 134
unilateral action by Member (DSU 23.1) and GATS 140
use of GATS 134
termination of panel DSU 182
termination of treaty for breach (VCLT 60), rights created prior to and (VCLT 70) DSU 1176, 1218, 1673
terms of reference (Committees and Working Groups): see individual Committees and Working Groups
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
see also competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17); identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2); “measures at issue” (DSU 6.2); relationships within and between agreements; request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2); review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5); competence of DSU 21.5 (compliance) panel; standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6); standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11) see also under DSU, applicability, legal basis of claim/ “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1)
abandoned claim, right to resurrect AD 902, DSU 413–14
as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue SPS 345, DSU 360–3
consideration of issues outside terms of reference, exclusion SPS 422, 548, DSU 408–10
elaboration/addition in first submission, relevance DSU 411–12, 446
elaboration/addition later than first submission DSU 446
failure to make specific mention of alleged inconsistency (DSU 23.2(a)) DSU 415
implied claims DSU 343, 416, 676
material used in defence distinguished DSU 410
“relevant provisions” DSU 424
“shall address the relevant provisions” (DSU 7.2) DSU 422–3
specific legal claim included in terms of reference, limitation to DSU 324, 408–10, 415–18
due process and DSU 360
failure of parties to produce evidence or arguments SG 18
“matter” (DSU 7.1/AD 17.4) AD 898, 951, DSU 370, 370–2, 429
preliminary ruling on DSU 418
request for establishment of panel as basis AD 900, DSU 143, 186–91, 192, 201–4, 411, 414
special terms of reference (DSU 7.3) DSU 425
timeliness of objections DSU 367–9, 799–801, 800
title of case, relevance DSU 192
unilateral amendment, exclusion DSU 386
territorial application, customs territories and frontier traffic (GATT XXIV)
see also customs unions (GATT XXIV:5(a)); RTAs (GATT XXIV:5)
as derogation from GATT provisions in general GATT 1052
GATT practice GATT 996
interpretation as a whole GATT 999–1001
object and purpose (GATT XXIV:4), “not to raise barriers to trade” GATT 999
obligation to ensure GATT compliance by regional and local governments (GATT XXIV:12) GATT 1038
territorial scope of treaties (VCLT 29) DSU 1529
textile quotas, circumvention (ATC 5) ATC 15–19
“appropriate action, to the extent necessary … ” (ATC 5.4) ATC 16
“other remedies in consultation” ATC 17–19
false declaration (ATC 5.6) ATC 20
introduction of new restraints, admissibility ATC 20
Textiles and Clothing Agreement (ATC)
see also consultations (ATC 6.7); notification requirements (ATC 2); notification requirements (ATC 3); notification requirements (ATC 6); quantitative restrictions (ATC 2) (integration process); quantitative restrictions (ATC 3); textile quotas, circumvention (ATC 5); transitional safeguards (ATC 6)
MFA (Multifibre Agreement), replacement for ATC 1
object and purpose ATC 3–4, 8, 9
termination (1 January 2005) (ATC 9) ATC 1, 105
transitional exceptions to GATT XI and XIII ATC 4
Textiles Monitoring Body (TMB)
composition (ATC 8.1) ATC 92
ad personam status of members ATC 93–4
DSU 8.3 distinguished DSU 433
recommendations
inability to conform (ATC 8.10) ATC 103
legal status (ATC 8.9) ATC 102
review of integration process (ATC 8.11), reports to Council for Trade in Goods ATC 104
review proceedings
information made available at time of request for consultations (ATC 6.7), limitation to SPS 2, ATC 27
inadequacy of information ATC 49–50, 69–73
right to request establishment of panel (DSU 4) following completion (ATC 8.10) SPS 2, ATC 19
statements during, admissibility in panel proceedings (DSU 11) ATC 23–4
role (ATC 8)
dispute settlement panels distinguished ATC 90
Singapore Declaration ATC 88
standard/powers of review (ATC 8.3) ATC 99–101
agreed administrative arrangements (ATC 2.17) ATC 11
conformity with ATC provisions, need for (ATC 2.4) ATC 10
consultations (ATC 6.7) ATC 69–73
inability to conform with TMB recommendations (ATC 8.10) ATC 103
provisional application of restraint measures authorized under ATC 10 (ATC 6.11) ATC 81, 81–2
restrictions other than those covered by the MFA (ATC 3) ATC 13
review proceedings ATC 27
transitional safeguards (ATC 6.2), requirements ATC 29–30, 32, 33–4, 39, 49–50, 53
transparency requirement ATC 88
Working Procedures (ATC 8.2)
adoption ATC 95
Rules of Procedure, adoption ATC 96
Thailand — Cigarettes (Philippines) (AB), WT/DS371/AB/R
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), documents (ABWP 18), failure to file by deadline (ABWP 18(1)) DSU 1402
business confidential information (BCI)
AB (ABWP 16(1)) DSU 1381
additional procedures, panel (DSU 12.1) DSU 1381
domestic law, as fact for purposes of international adjudication DSU 533
due process (dispute settlement proceedings)
concept and purpose DSU 669
objective assessment obligations (DSU 11) and DSU 621
panel working procedures, need for DSU 673
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence DSU 938–9
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), determination of violation, elements, discrimination between resellers of imported and domestic product GATT 270
panel reports, high quality/flexibility of panel procedures balance (DSU 12.2) DSU 681
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of matter before it”
due process and DSU 621
independent assessment of domestic law DSU 533
Thailand — Cigarettes (Philippines) (Panel), WT/DS371/R
burden of proof, good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)) DSU 1513
confidential information (VAL 10) VAL 47
consultation and dispute settlement (VAL 19)
standard of review of claims under (DSU 11) VAL 4–7
VAL 1.1 and 1.2(a) claims VAL 5
customs value determination (VAL)
confidential information (VAL 10) VAL 47
deductible items (VAL 5.1(a)) VAL 34–8
documented link to GAQ sale VAL 35
provincial taxes VAL 37
sales allowances VAL 36
transportation costs VAL 38
deductive valuation method (VAL 7.1/VAL 5.1) VAL 30–8
consultation requirement VAL 32–3
explanation of how customs value determined (VAL 16)
ex post facto explanations VAL 7
obligation to explain grounds (VAL 1.2(a)) distinguished VAL 58
“reasonable means” (VAL 7), “cannot be determined” (VAL 7.1) VAL 29
sequencing nature of VAL 1–7 valuation methods, “reasonable means” (VAL 7.1), exclusion as basis of independent sequencing claim VAL 9, 28
transaction value
conditions (VAL 1.2(a)) VAL 14
examination of circumstances of sale in related-party transaction (VAL 1.2(a)) VAL 15–19
balance of importer/customs authorities’ responsibilities VAL 17–18
“examine” (ordinary meaning/context) VAL 17–18
procedural obligations (including Interpretative Note to VAL 1.3) VAL 15–16
responsibility for providing information VAL 17
substantive obligations VAL 17–18
obligation to communicate grounds for rejecting of transaction value VAL 20–1
“transaction value” (VAL 1.1) VAL 14
unit price at which goods are sold in country of importation (VAL 5), Members’ right to choose method for determining VAL 25
dispute settlement (SG 14)
standard of review (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of the facts”
de novo review, exclusion VAL 19 n. 34
reasoned and adequate explanation (SG 4.2(a)) and VAL 19 n. 34
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent elements
“laws or regulations” GATT 926
“n±ð³¦±ð²õ²õ²¹°ù²â”, GATT III:4 (regulatory discrimination) and GATT 386
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), as fundamental rule of treaty interpretation DSU 1513
implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings, surveillance (DSU 21), “recommendations and rulings” DSU 1006
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence DSU 940
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, same or closely related phrases in different agreements, SG 3.1/VAL 1.2(a) VAL 18
legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4), mandatory/ discretionary legislation, distinguishability, assessment of mandatory nature DSU 294 n. 467
lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts DSU 1713
General Interpretative Note (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Annex 1A) DSU 1728
possibilities of conflict considered by panel/AB, GATT X:3/VAL 11.1 DSU 1728
“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
GATT III:4 compared GATT 259
nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 340
relevant factors GATT 244
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), “less favourable treatment”, methodology of comparison GATT 375
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
“charge of any kind” GATT 263
determination of violation, elements, timing/point of collection, relevance GATT 269
publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X)
“administrative action relating to customs matters” (GATT X:3(b)) GATT 583
burden of proof GATT 516
“confidential information” (GATT X:1) GATT 538
“laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings” (GATT X:1) GATT 514–16
measures of general application (GATT X:1) GATT 514–16, 524
absence of written rules and GATT 514, 516
government involvement in price determination, need for GATT 515
“rule of general application” GATT 514
“prompt review and correction” (GATT X:3(b)) GATT 581–2
disproportionate delay and GATT 582
due process considerations GATT 581
independent review requirement GATT 582
“shall be published” (GATT X:1) GATT 532
“in such a manner as to enable…” GATT 536
uniform, impartial and reasonable administration (GATT X:3(a))
appointment to monopoly as application of customs laws GATT 559, 570
burden of proof GATT 558
dual function officials and GATT 575
“impartial”, dual function officials GATT 559, 570
“r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð”
disproportionate delay GATT 576
dual function officials and GATT 578
“shall administer” /applicability to substantive rule GATT 560
“uniform”, “impartial” and “r±ð²¹²õ´Ç²Ô²¹²ú±ô±ð” as independent elements GATT 550
relationships within and between agreements
GATT III:4/GATT XX GATT 386
VAL 1.2(a)/Val 16 VAL 58
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), law vs fact, panel as trier of facts VAL 5
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), de novo review, exclusion VAL 19 n. 34
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of the facts” /alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence, de novo review, exclusion VAL 6
“objective assessment of matter before it”
reasoned and adequate explanation (VAL 1) and VAL 5
ex post facto explanation, sufficiency VAL 7
Thailand — H-Beams (AB), WT/DS122/AB/R, DSR 2001:VII
amicus curiae briefs, confidential information obligations (DSU 18.2) DSU 914
burden of proof (general rules), prima facie case requirement, explicit finding, relevance DSU 551
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3)
evidence of breach DSU 914
obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 914
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3/ABWP 27), amicus curiae briefs and DSU 914
determination of injury (AD 3)
“positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD3.1)
AD 17.6 (standard of review) distinguished AD 187
admissibility of undisclosed evidence AD 185–7, 917–18
“facts, not merely allegation, conjecture or remote possibility” requirement (AD 3.7) and AD 186
“objective examination”, industry as a whole, need to examine AD 187
threat of material injury (AD 3.7)
“facts, not merely allegation, conjecture or remote possibility” AD 186
positive evidence requirement (AD 3.1) AD 186
underlying principles (AD 3.1) and AD 169, 177
due process (anti-dumping measures) (AD 6), as underlying principle AD 186
due process (dispute settlement proceedings), prejudice to party, relevance DSU 342
evidence (dumping investigation) (AD 6)
due process, AD 6 as framework AD 186
opportunity for defence of interests, right to (AD 6.2) AD 186
good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10) DSU 306
prompt request for clarification of information DSU 119, 306
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), specificity, preliminary ruling on DSU 342
information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2), “from any individual or body”, parties DSU 748
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11), sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3), determination of sufficiency AD 186
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1)
clarification of claim during proceedings DSU 306, 342
reliance on issues raised in underlying anti-dumping dispute DSU 322
summary “sufficient to present the problem clearly” DSU 306
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
“e²õ³Ù²¹²ú±ô¾±²õ³ó³¾±ð²Ô³Ù” AD 917
Ëð°ù´Ç±è±ð°ù” AD 917
“unbiased and objective” AD 920
preliminary rulings on
amicus curiae briefs DSU 914
specificity of request for panel (DSU 6.2) DSU 342
prompt and satisfactory settlement (DSU 3.3), ABWP and DSU 306
public notice and explanation of determinations (AD 12), as due process requirement AD 186, 268 n. 384
public notice of preliminary or final determination (AD 12.2)
“all relevant information on the matters of fact and law and reasons for” measures (AD 12.2.2) AD 186
“all relevant information on the matters of fact and law and reasons” for measures (AD 12.2.2) AD 186
relationships within and between agreements
AD 3 as a whole AD 169
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 341–2
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)
assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i))
AD 3.1 (determination of injury) distinguished AD 187
“unbiased and objective” AD 920
“facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii))
disclosure/discernibility to interested parties by time of final determination, relevance AD 188, 917–18, 920
undisclosed facts AD 906
investigating authorities’ establishment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), Ëð°ù´Ç±è±ð°ù” AD 917
Thailand — H-Beams (Panel), WT/DS122/R, DSR 2001:VII
Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), preparatory work (VCLT 32), AD 3.4 AD 249
customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law (DSU3.2), DSU 3.2 AD 249 n. 349
data collection period (AD 2 and AD 3), frequency of analysis for AD 3.2 purposes AD 221
determination of dumping (AD 2)
calculation of SG&A costs (AD 2.2.2)
AD 3.6 and AD 67
reasonability test, relevance AD 74–5
“same general category of products” (AD 2.2.2(i)) AD 65–7
AD 2.2.2 and AD 66
AD 3.6 and AD 67
“normal value … in the ordinary course of trade” (AD 2.1)
calculation of administrative, selling and general costs and profits (AD 2.2.2)
actual books and records as basis AD 66
reasonability test, relevance AD 74–5
determination of injury (AD 3)
“consider … a significant increase in dumped imports”, methods, authorities’ freedom of choice AD 219
evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4)
all relevant economic factors and indices having a bearing on
checklist approach AD 265 n. 379
grammatical structure, relevance AD 250
“i²Ô³¦±ô³Ü»å¾±²Ô²µ” AD 249
“o°ù” AD 250
“e±¹²¹±ô³Ü²¹³Ù¾±´Ç²Ô” AD 258
examination of other known factors (AD 3.5)
illustrative nature of list AD 282
“known” to investigating authority AD 279
significant increase in dumped imports (AD 3.2)
frequency of analysis AD 221
“shall consider” AD 224
“significant”, alternative formulations AD 224, 256 n. 360
due process (dispute settlement proceedings), prejudice to party, relevance DSU 325
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
narrow/broad interpretation AD 66
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AD 74
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11)
notification to government of exporting Member (AD 5.5)
content AD 389
form of notification AD 388
public notice and explanation of determinations (AD 12) distinguished AD 421
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3)
evidence of causal link (AD 5.2(iv)), “information” and analysis distinguished AD 346
“simple assertion, unsubstantiated by relevant evidence” (AD 5.2), raw numerical detail AD 347
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1)
arguments distinguished DSU 325
clarification of claim during proceedings DSU 325
identification of treaty provisions DSU 325
public notice and explanation of determinations (AD 12), notification to government of exporting Member (AD 5.5) distinguished AD 421
relationships within and between agreements
AD 2.2.2 as a whole AD 66
AD 2.2.2(i)/AD 3.6 AD 67
AD 5.5/AD 12.1 AD 421
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), “facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii)), evidence before authority at time of determination, limitation to AD 916
transparency, written record/notification and AD 388
third party enhanced rights/rights beyond those indicated in DSU 10.2, DSU 10.3 and Appendix 3, para. 6 DSU 476–94
abandoned claims and AD 902, DSU 413
agreement between the parties, relevance DSU 478, 491
extension to all parties DSU 482
GATT practice DSU 478
multiple complainants (DSU 9) and DSU 488–94
opportunity to be heard at second substantive meeting DSU 479
opportunity to be heard (DSU 10.2) DSU 478, 516, 697
opportunity to comment on summary of own arguments DSU 485 n. 801
panel’s discretion and DSU 477–8, 684
participation in interim review process (DSU 15) DSU 480, 774–5
participation in proceedings initiated by another complainant (DSU 9) DSU 488–9
presence at second substantive meeting DSU 479, 684
right to receive submissions to first meeting of the panel, limitation to (DSU 10.3) DSU 503–6
as sole basis of rights DSU 476–7
submission of additional written material, exclusion DSU 479
“substantial interest” (DSU 10.2) DSU 468
“sufficient to present their views” (Appendix 3, para. 6) DSU 479
table DSU 494
written submissions (DSU 10.2) DSU 478
third party participants (AB proceedings) (ABWP 24/ABWP 27) DSU 1449–51
“passive participation” (ABWP 27(3)): see public observation of oral hearing/ “passive participation” (ABWP 27(3))
role DSU 1442
time limits for filing of submissions (ABWP 26) DSU 1387
third party rights (Article 21.5 proceedings) DSU 503–6
third party rights (Article 22.6 arbitrations) DSU 507–10
third party rights (confidentiality considerations) DSU 169, 169 n. 206, 517, 888, 1483
third party rights (consultations (DSU 4.11)) DSU 175–7, 468
confidentiality (DSU 4.6) and DSU 169, 517
third party rights (DSU 10 and Appendix 3)
17.466–74: see also amicus curiae briefs
authority of Panel to direct third-party participation DSU 512
“essential party” concept DSU 513–14
notification of intention to participate in (DSU 10.2)
right to submit amicus curiae brief in absence of DSU 474
Statement by GATT Council Chairman (June 1944) DSU 470
obligation of panels to take “fully” into account (DSU 10.1) DSU 466–7
panel’s right to draw on third party submissions DSU 495–500
participation in, preliminary proceedings DSU 501–2
preliminary ruling on DSU 471, 505
review of surveillance of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21) DSU 503–6
single panel proceedings (DSU 9.1) DSU 515
submission to original panel (DSU 10.4) DSU 475
threat of injury: see determination of injury (AD 3); safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2); transitional safeguards (ATC 6); serious damage or actual threat of (ATC 6.2)
TMB: see Textiles Monitoring Body (TMB)
Tokyo Round Anti-Dumping Code AD 533
developing countries (Tokyo 13) AD 854 n. 1152
legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4) AD 878
Tokyo Round Customs Valuation Committee: see Customs Valuation Committee; adoption of Tokyo Round Committee decisions
TPRM: see Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)
trade and competition policy, interaction between (Doha 23–5), market definitions, distinguishability GATT 206
Trade and Competition Policy, Working Group on Interaction between, establishment (Singapore Ministerial Conference) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 53, 66
Trade, Debt and Finance Working Group (Doha 36), establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 66
Trade and Development Committee (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:7)
annual reports °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 104
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 99
GATT practice °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 122
observer status °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 103
role, Enabling Clause notifications GATT 60, 64
rules of procedure (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 74, 102
Special Session (Doha Round)
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
special and differential treatment, review: see special and differential treatment for developing countries (Doha)
terms of reference °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 100–1
Trade and Environment Committee (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:7)
annual reports °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 139
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 99, 136
rules of procedure °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 138
terms of reference °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 136
work programme °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 137
trade and environment (Doha 31–3)
July package (para. 1(f))
Special Session of the Trade and Environment, Committee on, responsibility for negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
Trade and Environment Committee reports on °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 137, 139
negotiations on relationship between °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ rules and MEAs (Doha)
report on, Ministerial request to Trade and Environment, Committee on °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 137, 139
Special Session of the Trade and Environment, Committee on, responsibility for negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
Special Session of the Trade and Environment, Committee on, establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
trade facilitation (Singapore Ministerial Conference)
developing countries and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 53
working group, establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 53
Trade and Investment, Working Group on Relationship between, establishment (Singapore Ministerial Conference) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 53, 66
trade names, obligation to comply with PC 8 as incorporated by TRIPS 2.1 TRIPS 19, 30, DSU 870
applicability of trademark findings TRIPS 55
MFN treatment (TRIPS 4), applicability of findings on trademarks TRIPS 67
ownership issues and TRIPS 31
Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155–6
appointment of Director-General as chair °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155
mandate
establishment of appropriate negotiating mechanism °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155
responsibility for overall conduct of Doha round negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155
supervision of progress of negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 155
Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)
dispute settlement/enforcement of specific obligations, exclusion (TRMS A(i)) TPRM 3, 5–6
minutes, unrestricted circulation (TPRM C(vi)) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 29 n. 35
mission (TPRM A) TPRM 1
reporting obligations (developments in international trading environment (TPRM G)) TPRM 29
reporting obligations (Members) (TPRM D) TPRM 24
GATT practice TPRM 23
timing of submission TPRM 25
reports (Secretariat), requirements TPRM 20
reports (TPRB) (TPRM C) TPRM 12
review of operation (TPRM F) TPRM 27–8
review procedures (TPRM C(ii))
grouped review of “entities having a common external policy” TPRM 15–16
timing and frequency TPRM 13–14
reviews of least-developed countries TPRM 17
reviews obligation (TPRM C(i)) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 79, TPRM 8
reviews (TPRM C(i)) TPRM 11
reviews (TPRM)/balance of payments consultations, coordination (TPRM E) TPRM 26
TPRB rules of procedure (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 80, TPRM 8, 9–10, 18
transparency (TPRM B) TPRM 7
transparency (TPRM C)
derestriction of reports TRIPS 21, TPRM 21
dissemination of reviews (TPRM C(v)) TPRM 22
“trade in services” (GATS 1:2)
“commercial presence” (GATS 1:2(c)) GATS 22
commercial presence, sufficiency (GATS I:2(c)) GATS 22, 148
cross-border trade (GATS I:2(a)), relevant factors
degree of interaction between suppliers GATS 20
links to another operator GATS 21
ownership and control of infrastructure to supply service GATS 17–19
supplier’s place of operation or presence GATS 16
“public long-distance voice telephone services” (UN 1991 Provisional Central Product Classification) GATS 18
trademarks (Paris Convention (PC))
protection in other countries of the Union (PC 6quinquies) TRIPS 25, 29
“as is” / “telle quelle” TRIPS 29
registration conditions (PC 6), Members’ discretion (PC 6(1)) TRIPS 25
State emblems, official hallmarks and emblems of intergovernmental organizations (PC 6ter) TRIPS 27–8
WIPO–°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement TRIPS 28
well-known trademarks, prohibition on use (PC 6 bis) TRIPS 26
trademarks (TRIPS Part II Section 2)
denial of protection on “other grounds” (TRIPS 15.2) TRIPS 128
“limited exceptions” (TRIPS 17) TRIPS 136–8, DSU 136–7
autonomy of provision/limited correlation with other TRIPS articles TRIPS 145
burden of proof TRIPS 144
“fair use of descriptive terms” TRIPS 138
“legitimate interests” TRIPS 139–43
legal rights distinguished TRIPS 139
“of third parties” TRIPS 142–3
trademarks, limitation to TRIPS 136
national treatment (TRIPS 3): see national treatment (TRIPS 3), “treatment no less favourable” (TRIPS 3.1)
“protectable subject-matter” (TRIPS 15) TRIPS 127–8
“distinctiveness” requirements, restrictions on legislative conditions and TRIPS 127
rights conferred (TRIPS 16)
“exclusive right”, as negative right TRIPS 131–3, 136–7
“likelihood of confusion” TRIPS 134
“making rights available on the basis of use” TRIPS 135
“the owner” (TRIPS 16.1) TRIPS 130
usage and registration as basis of ownership distinguished TRIPS 130
special requirements (TRIPS 20) TRIPS 147
national treatment (TRIPS 3) and TRIPS 147
transfer of technology, measures to encourage (Doha 37), Working Group on Trade and the Transfer of Technology, establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 66
transformation into a market economy (SCM 29), special and differential treatment (SCM 27) and SCM 575–6
transitional arrangements (existing programmes) (SCM 28.1), “inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement” (SCM 28.1) SCM 574
transitional exceptions to GATT XI and XIII ATC 4
transitional safeguard measures (SG) (China) (Accession Protocol 16) SG 312–13
causation analysis (Protocol 16.4) SG 325–32, 330
cumulative impact SG 329
non-attribution requirement SG 331–2
compliance
burden of proof SG 314
standard of review (DSU 11) SG 313
consultations (Protocol 16.1)
significance of consultations provision SG 315
determination of market disruption (Protocol 16.4) as context SG 315
duration of remedy (Protocol 16.6) SG 333
market disruption (Protocol 16.4) SG 319–32
“absolute” increase SG 322
as context for consultations (Protocol 16.1) SG 315
investigation period SG 321
“material injury” vs “s±ð°ù¾±´Ç³Ü²õ injury” SG 320
rate of increase, relevance SG 324
relevant factors. SG 319
notification requirement SG 316
“to the extent necessary” (Protocol 16.3) SG 317–18
transitional safeguard measures (SG) (China) (Accession Protocol 16), market disruption (Protocol 16.4), “increasing rapidly” SG 322–4
transitional safeguard (SG) (China) (Accession Protocol 16), market disruption (Protocol 16.4), as context for consultations (Protocol 16.1) SG 315
transitional safeguards (ATC 6)
attribution of damage from “sharp and substantial increase in imports” /criteria (ATC 6.4) ATC 21, 31, 57–61
reasons for requiring ATC 62–4
“from Member or Members individually” ATC 58, 60
proportionality and ATC 65
“sharp and substantial increase in imports” ATC 59
as balance of rights and obligations ATC 28, 76
consultations: see consultations (ATC 6.7)
“highly unusual and critical circumstances” (ATC 6.11) ATC 79, 81–3
“more favourable treatment” for re-imports (ATC 6.6(d))
“in the application of” (ATC 6, chapeau) ATC 67
options for ATC 68
notification requirements (ATC 6.1) ATC 22
object and purpose (ATC 1.1) and ATC 3
provisional application of restraint measures authorized under ATC 10 (ATC 11)
“highly unusual and critical circumstances” ATC 81–2
notification requirements (ATC 6) and ATC 81
procedural and substantive elements distinguished ATC 89
retroactivity (ATC 6.10) and ATC 79
relevant factors (ATC 6.3) ATC 21, 31, 54–6
obligation to examine all ATC 54–5
retroactivity (ATC 6.10): see retroactivity (trade measures) (ATC 6.10)
serious damage or actual threat of (ATC 6.2) ATC 21
“a particular product is being imported” ATC 32
“d±ð³¾´Ç²Ô²õ³Ù°ù²¹²ú±ô²â” ATC 51–2
“directly competitive”
GATT III:2, applicability, see also directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2)
GATT III:2, applicability ATC 43
proximity of relationship, relevance ATC 44–5
“domestic industry producing like and/or directly competitive products”
captive production ATC 46
“domestic industry”, absence of ATC definition ATC 49
Ëð°ù´Ç»å³Ü³¦¾±²Ô²µ” ATC 41
product-oriented definition ATC 40
due diligence review (DSU 11), available evidence, limitation to ATC 25, DSU 629
“in such increased quantities” ATC 33–4
investigation period
length ATC 38
recent damage, need for ATC 39, 53
“not by other factors” ATC 52
“or actual threat of” ATC 35–6
“s±ð°ù¾±´Ç³Ü²õ damage”, change of equipment, whether ATC 37
specific factual information ATC 29–30
delays caused by (SG 12) SG 261, 264
interim review reports (DSU 15) DSU 818–19
technical regulations documentation TBT 90, 124
transmittal of records (ABWP 25)
inclusion of correspondence not in the record of the panel proceedings DSU 1446
request to delay DSU 1445
see also confidential information (AD 6.5); public notice and explanation of determinations (AD 12)
written record/notification and (AD Agreement) AD 267–8, 388
transparency (GATS preamble/III)
accountancy services and GATS 45
electronic commerce and GATS 44
notification of enquiry/contact points (GATS III:4/GATS IV:2) GATS 47, 50
notification formats GATS 46
as object and purpose GATS 1–2
transparency (government procurement): see government procurement transparency (Doha 26)
transparency mechanism (PTAs) (2010)
adoption °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 121, GATT 61
least-developed countries’ products GATT 103–4
notifications as at 30 September 2011 GATT 104
referral for advice GATT 103
summary of provisions GATT 62
transparency mechanism (RTAs) (2006) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 120, 148–50, GATT 1045–51
applicability (including Enabling Clause notifications) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 149, GATT 71, 1045
early announcement information GATT 1047
notification of changes GATT 1048
as provisional arrangement °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 149, GATT 71, 1045
reporting obligations GATT 1049
review
examination of RTS, procedural changes following adoption °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 154
participants °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 150
postponement °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 150
scope °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 150
factual abstracts GATT 1051
summary of provisions °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 149, GATT 72
transparency and predictability requirement (LIC Preamble) LIC 1, 15
frequent changes to rules and LIC 15
non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3) and LIC 23
transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B)
enquiry points (Annex B(3)), obligation to identify ALOP, whether SPS 545
notification procedures (Annex B(5)–(10))
obligation to “notify changes” SPS 356–7, 357, 360–1, 547–8
obligation to “provide information” SPS 359
burden of proof SPS 548
two-pronged test for establishing requirement SPS 357
notification procedures (Annex B(5)–(10)), recommended procedures 1995–2008 SPS 362, 549
notification of the conclusion of equivalence agreements SPS 36
transparency enhancement Procedure (2009) (SPS 10) SPS 364, 382–6
publication requirements (Annex (B)(1)-(2)) SPS 539–44
provision of information distinguished SPS 543
“reasonable interval” (Annex B(2)) (Doha) SPS 544
“SPS regulations” for purpose of SPS 355–6, 358, 539–42, 550–1
generally applicable measure concerning an SPS measure SPS 542
non-mandatory measures SPS 541
Recommended procedures for implementing the transparency obligations of the SPS Agreement SPS 365–71
relationship between SPS 7 and Annex B SPS 550–1
“significant effect on trade of other Members” (Annex B), notification requirements SPS 357 n. 442, 547
special and differential treatment (SPS 10) SPS 379–86
transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B), “SPS regulations” for purpose of, legal instruments as DSU 261
transparency (TPRM B) TPRM 7
derestriction of reports (TPRM C(v)) TPRM 22
dissemination of reviews (TPRM C(v)) TPRM 22
transparency (TRIMs 6), notifications of publications in which TRIMs may be found (TRIMs 6(2)) TRIMs 37–8
transparency (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ procedures), TMB ATC 88
see also domestic law; as justification for failure to fulfil international obligations exclusion (VCLT 27); non-retroactivity of treaties (VCLT 28)
as aid to interpretation of treaty between other parties DSU 1596
conclusion as exercise of inherent sovereign right DSU 1742–3
conflict between, definition and general principles DSU 1712
error (VCLT 48) DSU 1670
as customary international law DSU 1670
modification of multilateral treaties by some of the parties (VCLT 41) DSU 1668
options for opting out of treaty regime DSU 1595 n. 2468
provisional application (VCLT 25) DSU 1500
separability of provisions (VCLT 44) DSU 1669
successive treaties relating to the same subject matter (VCLT 30): see successive treaties relating to the same subject matter (VCLT 30)
termination by subsequent treaty (VCLT 59) DSU 1671
territorial scope (VCLT 29) DSU 1529
“treaty” (VCLT 31(1)) DSU 1541
treaty interpretation: see interpretation of covered agreements rules relating to including VCLT provisions
see also developing countries (TRIMs 4); Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2); “investment measures” (TRIMs 1); notification obligations and procedures (TRIMs 2.1); notification and transitional arrangements (TRIMs 5); transparency (TRIMs 6)
as integral part of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement TRIMs 8–9
quantitative measures (GATT XI and) GATT 409 n. 596, 627–9, TRIMs 15–16
review of operation (TRIMs 9) TRIMs 45–8
TRIMs Committee °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 93
annual reports (TRIMs 7.3) TRIMs 43
role (TRIMs 7.2)
implementation issues relating to special and differential treatment for developing countries TRIMs 41–2
notifications (TRIMs 5.1 and 5.5) TRIMs 26–7, 40
rules of procedure °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 94, TRIMs 39
see also Berne Convention/TRIPS; border measures special measures related to enforcement of (TRIPS Part III Section 4); copyright and related rights (TRIPS Part II Section 1); criminal procedures (TRIPS 61); developing countries (TRIPS); dispute settlement (TRIPS 64); fair and equitable procedures (TRIPS 42); geographical indications (TRIPS Part II Section 3); geographical indications (TRIPS Part II Section 3) (GIs); intellectual property conventions (TRIPS 2); intellectual property rights, acquisition and maintenance including inter partes procedures; intellectual property rights, availability, scope and use (TRIPS Part II); intellectual property rights, enforcement (TRIPS Part III); least-developed countries (LDCs) (TRIPS 66); MFN treatment (TRIPS 4); national treatment (TRIPS 3); notification obligations and procedures (TRIPS); Paris Convention (PC)/TRIPS; patents (TRIPS part II Section 5); pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products, patent protection (TRIPS 70.8); technical cooperation (TRIPS 67); trade names, obligation to comply with PC 8 as incorporated by TRIPS 2.1; trademarks (TRIPS Part II Section 2); TRIPS Council; wines and spirits, additional protection for GIs (TRIPS 23)
amendment, acceptance requirements (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ X:3) TRIPS 210
extension of period for acceptance °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 215
notification of acceptances/non-entry into force °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 216
amendment (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ X:1) (Decision of 6 December 2005 and Protocol) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 213–14
applicability to “nationals of other Members” (TRIPS 1.3)
“domiciled” / “real and effective … establishment” (PC 3) TRIPS 18, 23
GIs (TRIPS 22.2) and TRIPS 4, 155
international law criteria TRIPS 15, 52–3
national treatment (TRIPS 3.1) TRIPS 35
PC criteria for eligibility TRIPS 15–16
“separate customs territory Member” (Footnote 1 to TRIPS 1.3) TRIPS 16
Berne Convention and (TRIPS 9): see Berne Convention/TRIPS
Declaration on Public Health (2001)
adoption (Doha 17) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 56, 67
compulsory licences (TRIPS 31) TRIPS 205
exhaustion (TRIPS 6) TRIPS 76
interpretation of TRIPS in light of object and purpose TRIPS 79, 83
enforcement: see intellectual property rights enforcement (TRIPS Part III)
exceptions: see copyright and related rights (TRIPS Part II Section 1), limitations and exceptions (TRIPS 13); patents (TRIPS part II Section 5), limited exceptions (TRIPS 30)
implementation obligation (TRIPS 1.1) TRIPS 5–11, 94 n. 95
domestic law, relevance TRIPS 5
freedom to choose method TRIPS 7–11, 153–4
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)) TRIPS 77
implementation of more extensive protection, relevance TRIPS 6
more extensive protection option (TRIPS 1.1) TRIPS 6
Non-violation and Situation Complaints, Ministerial Conference Decision on (Geneva 2009) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 60
object and purpose (preamble/TRIPS 7) TRIPS 310
balance of rights and obligations TRIPS 77, 191
Declaration on Public Health (2001) and TRIPS 79, 83
Doha 19 and TRIPS 80
effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights TRIPS 1, 3
interpretation of TRIPS and TRIPS 79
new rules and principles TRIPS 2
principles (TRIPS 8)
“anything not prohibited” /negative right approach TRIPS 81, 131–3
Doha 19 and TRIPS 84
“protection” (TRIPS 3 and 4), applicability to intellectual property rights addressed by TRIPS (TRIPs 3 footnote 3) TRIPS 58, 68, 74
reservations (TRIPS 72) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 297
retroactivity (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 307, DSU 1524
review (TRIPS 71.1)
Council work programme (Doha 19) TRIPS 320
TRIPS Council consideration of (March 2000) TRIPS 319
transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65)
developing countries and TRIPS 186, 288–9, 292
“lesser degree of consistency” (TRIPS 65.5) TRIPS 290
procedural nature TRIPS 287, 289
WIPO Copyright Agreement (1996) and: see WIPO Copyright Agreement (1996)
TRIPS Council (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ IV:5)
functions °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 88
observer status TRIPS 303
reporting procedures °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 89
role and responsibilities in relation to
cooperation with WIPO bodies (TRIPs 68) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 165
Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
extension of non-applicability of non-violation complaints (TRIPS 64.3) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 65, 88
geographical indications negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 88
monitoring of operation of Agreement and compliance with obligations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 88
rules of procedure (1995) °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 90, TRIPS 302
Special Session
establishment °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156
wines and spirits, initiation of work on GI negotiations °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 156, TRIPS 166–8
subsidiary bodies °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 98
Turkey — Rice (Panel), WT/DS334/R, DSR 2007:VI
Agriculture Agreement (AG)
object and purpose (AG 4 (market access)) AG 55
object and purpose (preamble), fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system AG 5
dispute settlement, special provisions relating to developing countries
extension of periods established under DSU 4.7 and 8 (DSU 12.10) DSU 714
requirement for specific indication of form in which account has been taken of special needs (DSU 12.11) DSU 719
due process (dispute settlement proceedings), prejudice to party, relevance DSU 472
ex parte communications with panel or AB (DSU 18.1), party’s attempt to place limitation on handling of confidential communications DSU 909
interim review (DSU 15), changes to report in absence of request DSU 805
judicial economy LIC 33
prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose LIC 29
“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4). relevant factors. Competitive relationship GATT 324
market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
“discretionary import licensing” (footnote 1) AG 55–6
“quantitative import restrictions” (footnote 1) AG 50
“measures at issue” (DSU 6.2)
terminated measures
good faith obligation not to reintroduce DSU 393
termination following agreement on terms of reference DSU 393
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), “requirements”, domestic purchase GATT 324
“quantitative import restrictions” (AG 4.2 footnote 1) AG 50
relationships within and between agreements
AG 4.2/LIC LIC 33
GATT III:4/LIC 3.5(h) LIC 33
third party rights (DSU 10 and Appendix 3), notification of intention to participate in (DSU 10.2), timeliness DSU 472
Turkey — Textiles (AB), WT/DS34/AB/R, DSR 1999:VI
arguendo assumptions, judicial economy and GATT 1041
burden of proof (general rules), defences and exceptions, GATT XXIV (RTAs) GATT 1035
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17), “may uphold, modify or reverse” panel findings (DSU 17.13), unappealed findings GATT 1041
customs unions (GATT XXIV:5(a))
chapeau, relationship with GATT 1003–4
as defence or exception (“shall not prevent”)
burden of proof GATT 1035
dependence on existence of customs union GATT 1004, 1052
on formation of customs union (GATT XXIV:5 chapeau) GATT 1003–4
on formation of customs union, limitation to GATT 1007–9
GATT XI, GATT XIII and ATC 2.4 GATT 1053, 1058
requirements GATT 1052
trade-restrictiveness test GATT 1012
“would be prevented unless” requirement GATT 1004, 1052, SG 65
definition (GATT XXIV:8(a))
internal trade arrangements (“substantially all trade”) (GATT XXIV:8(a)(i)) GATT 1030–1
jurisdiction (panel) to determine compatibility with GATT XXIV requirements GATT 1041
trade with third countries (“substantially the same”) (GATT XXIV:8(a)(ii)) GATT 1034–5
“general incidence” of duties GATT 1009
object and purpose (GATT XXIV:4) GATT 1003
“regulations of commerce”, GATT 1994 Understanding on Article XXIV GATT 1010
dispute settlement (GATT XXIV, Understanding 12) GATT 1041–2
judicial economy, arguendo assumptions and GATT 1041
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, “shall not prevent” (GATT XXIV) GATT 1003
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI), RTAs (GATT XI) as defence/exception GATT 1004, 1007–9
relationships within and between agreements
GATT XXIV:5(a)/GATT XI, GATT XIII and ATC 2.4 GATT 1053
GATT XXIV as a whole GATT 999, 1000–1
RTAs (GATT XXIV:5)
as affirmative defence SG 65
dispute settlement (Understanding 12) GATT 1041–2
safeguard measures (SG)/emergency actions (GATT XIX) and SG 65
safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2), RTAs/customs unions and (SG 2.1 footnote 1) SG 65
territorial application, customs territories and frontier traffic (GATT XXIV)
as derogation from GATT provisions in general GATT 1052
object and purpose (GATT XXIV:4), “not to raise barriers to trade” GATT 999
Turkey — Textiles (Panel), WT/DS34/R, DSR 1999:VI
adverse inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw (DSU 13), burden of proof and DSU 558
burden of proof (general rules)
adverse inferences (DSU 13) and DSU 558
exception/affirmative defence and SG 65, DSU 540
onus probandi actori incumbit DSU 540
consultations (DSU 4)
adequacy of consultations (DSU 4.5), Panel responsibilities in relation to DSU 170
mutually agreed solution (DSU 3.6) and DSU 170
customs unions (GATT XXIV:5(a))
consistency with GATT and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 14
as defence or exception GATT 1007
on formation of customs union, limitation to, extension of °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ right prior to formation to other constituent members GATT 1008
GATT XI, GATT XIII and ATC 2.4 GATT 1053, 1058
as defence or exception (“shall not prevent”), trade-restrictiveness test GATT 1011
GATT 1994 Understanding on Article XXIV °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 14
legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4) DSU 246
territorial scope of treaties (VCLT 29) and DSU 1529
due process (dispute settlement proceedings), opportunity to defend oneself DSU 376
good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10), consultations and (DSU 4.3) DSU 128
information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2), “from any individual or body”, non-parties DSU 752
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, object and purpose, ATC ATC 4
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), summary “sufficient to present the problem clearly” DSU 376
legislation as such, right to challenge (°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ XVI:4), legislation adopted by customs union DSU 246
multilateral treaties, modification by some of the parties (VCLT 41) DSU 1668
mutually agreed/acceptable solution to matters raised formally (DSU 3.6), consultations (DSU 4) and DSU 170
notification requirements (ATC 2), mandatory 60 day period (ATC 2.1) ATC 8
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8)
adverse impact/prejudice, relevance DSU 92
presumption in case of inconsistency with covered agreement DSU 92
quantitative restrictions (ATC 2) (integration process), conformity with ATC provisions, need for (ATC 2.4), “new” restriction ATC 9
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI), GATT preference for tariffs and GATT 597
relationships within and between agreements
GATT XXIV:5(a)/GATT XI, GATT XIII and ATC 2.4 GATT 1053, 1058
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Preamble/GATT XXIV °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 14
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)
due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 376
examination (GATT XXIV:7 and Understanding 7), absence of recommendation, effect GATT 1028
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Preamble and °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 14
RTAs (GATT XXIV:5), necessity test GATT 1003
State responsibility for acts or omissions of, Member of customs union DSU 246, 1677–8
territorial application, customs territories and frontier traffic (GATT XXIV), object and purpose (GATT XXIV:4), “not to raise barriers to trade” GATT 999
territorial scope of treaties (VCLT 29) DSU 1529
Textiles and Clothing Agreement (ATC), transitional exceptions to GATT XI and XIII ATC 4
third party rights (DSU 10 and Appendix 3)
authority of Panel to direct third-party participation DSU 512
“essential party” concept DSU 513–14
treaties
modification of multilateral treaties by some of the parties (VCLT 41) DSU 1668
territorial scope (VCLT 29) DSU 1529
°ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ Agreement, preamble, applicability, GATT XXIV °ÄÃÅÁùºÏ²Ê¹ÙÍø×ÊÁÏ 14